Microbial pathogenesis最新文献

{"title":"Distribution of disinfectant resistant genes in mcr-1-carrying Escherichia coli isolated from children in southern China","authors":"Yunxing He , Bingshao Liang , Jialiang Mai , Fangjun Lan , ZhiLe Xiong , Xiaochun Liu , Kaiyue Yang , Xiuju Liu , Shuyan Liu , Zhimin Zhao , Yixin Zeng , Xinyi Luo , Yan Zhang , Zhenwen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colistin, a polymyxin antibiotic, serves as a crucial defense against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, despite its nephrotoxicity. However, the plasmid-mediated mobilization of the polymyxin resistance gene, <em>mcr-1</em>, presents a significant public health threat. The widespread use of disinfectants has resulted in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) carrying <em>mcr-1</em> also showing disinfectant resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of disinfectant genes and resistance to disinfectants in <em>mcr-1-</em>carring <em>E coli</em> from children in the South China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated the distribution of twelve disinfectant-resistance genes by PCR. Evaluated the correlation between disinfectant-resistance genes and resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. We also examined the correlation between the strains' biofilm formation and the presence of disinfectant-resistance genes. Bioinformatic tools were employed to analyze resistance genes, virulence genes, and insertion sequences. Five strains were randomly selected to examine the effects of sub-inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of 8 disinfectants on the expression of the <em>mcr-1</em> gene by qRT-PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most prevalent of the nine biocide resistance genes were <em>mdfA</em>, <em>sugE(c)</em>, <em>ydgE</em>, and <em>ydgF</em> (n = 21; all 100 %). The <em>qacG</em>, <em>qacF</em>, <em>sugE(p)</em> and <em>tehA</em> gene was not detected. Furthermore, benzalkonium chloride (BC) and potassium hydrogen persulfate (PMPS)-based disinfectants were effective against all <em>mcr-1</em>-carrying <em>E. coli</em> strains. The majority of <em>mcr-1</em> were distributed among the InHI2 plasmid types, although three strains lacked <em>mcr-1</em> on their plasmids. Biofilm formation was observed in 48 % of the strains. <em>emrD</em> and <em>sitABCD</em> showed significant associations with the susceptibility of the strains to 84 disinfectants (<em>P</em> of 0.0351 and 0.0300). In addition, <em>sitABCD</em> was significantly associated with susceptibility to povidone-iodine (PVP-I) (<em>P</em> value of 0.0062). Compared to the untreated group, stimulation with sub-MIC of peracetic acid (PAA) and PVP-I resulted in decreased or increased <em>mcr-1</em> expression in five <em>E. coli</em> strains, respectively (<em>P</em> of 0.0011 for PAA and <em>P</em> of 0.0476 for PVP-I).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BC and PMPS based disinfectants were effective against all <em>mcr-1</em> carrying <em>E. coli</em> strains. Most of the <em>mcr-1</em> genes were distributed among the InHI2 plasmid types. The <em>emrD</em> and <em>sitABCD</em> genes are highly associated with resistance to 84 disinfectants, and the <em>sitABCD</em> gene was highly associated with resistance to PVP-I. PVP-I selective pressure may encourage the maintenance of <em>mcr-1</em> gene in <e","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galleria mellonella larvae as a model for Helicobacter pylori biofilm formation under antibiotic stress","authors":"Paweł Krzyżek ,&nbsp;Bartłomiej Dudek ,&nbsp;Malwina Brożyna ,&nbsp;Barbara Krzyżanowska ,&nbsp;Adam Junka","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Helicobacter pylori</em> is a common Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the human stomach and causes a variety of gastric pathologies. One of the growing concerns is its dynamic spread of antibiotic resistance, a process in which biofilm formation is involved. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate, high-throughput research model for the <em>in vivo</em> biofilm development by <em>H. pylori</em>. The aim of the current research report was to determine the usefulness of <em>G. mellonella</em> larvae in assessing the survival of a multidrug-resistant, strong biofilm producing <em>H. pylori</em> strain during its exposure to stress caused by clarithromycin. Using infection models lasting for 3 or 6 days, we confirmed the ability of the tested <em>H. pylori</em> strain to survive in the larvae. We noticed that exposure to clarithromycin significantly reduced the number of cultured bacteria relative to the control, although we did not observe any differences in the number of bacteria using time-lapse, live analysis of fluorescently stained larval hemolymph samples. In conclusion, we confirmed that the examined <em>H. pylori</em> strain can produce biofilm in <em>G. mellonella</em> larvae organism and is able to survive exposure to minimal inhibitory concentrations of clarithromycin (established <em>in vitro</em>) in <em>in vivo</em> conditions. Further refinement of methodologies for monitoring the viability of clinical <em>H. pylori</em> strains in the greater wax moth larvae will enhance the accuracy and reliability of this promising research model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct gene expression patterns of mono-isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis uncover divergent responses to isoniazid in host-mimicked condition","authors":"Zayar Phyo,&nbsp;Manita Yimcharoen,&nbsp;Sukanya Saikaew,&nbsp;Bordin Butr-Indr","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isoniazid stands as a frontline antibiotic utilized in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), predominantly impacting the mycolic acid component within the cell wall of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb)<em>.</em> It also affects the formation of lipoarabinomannan (LAM), an essential glycolipid in the cell envelope of Mtb. Despite the effectiveness of antibiotics for TB treatment, drug tolerance development in mycobacteria frequently stems from their adaptation to the hostile environment within the host, leading to treatment failure. Herein, we investigate mycobacterial adaptation to the isoniazid exposure in the host-mimicked conditions by focusing on the stress response genes (<em>virS, icl1, whiB3, tgs1</em>) and LAM-related genes (<em>lprG, p55, lmeA, mptA, embC</em>). Mtb H37Rv and mono-isoniazid resistant (INH-R) strains were cultivated in the host-mimicked multi-stress condition (MS) with or without isoniazid and the relative expressions of these gene candidates were measured using real-time PCR. In the INH-R strain, treatment with isoniazid in multi-stress conditions caused significant upregulation of <em>tgs1</em>, and LAM precursor-lipomannan (LM) synthesis and its transport genes (<em>lprG, p55, lmeA, embC</em>). In the case of H37Rv, all LAM-related genes and <em>tgs1</em> were downregulated whereas other stress response genes were upregulated, remarkably in <em>icl1</em> and <em>whiB3</em>. These findings highlight differences in gene expression patterns between drug-sensitive and resistant strains in multi-stress environments with drug pressure. Notably, stress response genes, particularly <em>tgs1</em>, may play a crucial role in regulating LAM production in the INH-R strain in response to isoniazid exposure. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance, offering valuable insights that could contribute to the development of new strategies for treating and eliminating TB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota dynamics during Ascaris suum larval migration: Implications for host microbial communities in a murine model","authors":"Sergio Castañeda ,&nbsp;Cristina Poveda ,&nbsp;Charlie Suarez-Reyes ,&nbsp;Yifan Wu ,&nbsp;Noah Haugen ,&nbsp;Luz H. Patiño ,&nbsp;Jill E. Weatherhead ,&nbsp;Juan David Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex interactions between parasites, their hosts, and associated microbiota hold significant implications for host health and disease outcomes. Helminths like <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> and <em>Ascaris suum</em> can significantly alter the host's intestinal microbiota, affecting both parasite biology and host pathology. Despite extensive research on host-microbiota changes due to helminth infections, the study of helminth-associated microbiota remains limited. This study aims to characterize the microbiota associated with <em>Ascaris</em> larvae and surrounding host tissues at distinct developmental stages (day 4, day 8, day 14), during larval migration through the liver, lungs, and intestine, and its impact on the host's microbiota in a murine model. Twenty mice were infected with 2500 embryonated <em>A. suum</em> eggs via oral gavage. Five <em>Ascaris</em>-infected mice and age-matched naïve mice were euthanized at 4-, 8-, and 14-days post-infection (DPI). Stool, intestine, liver, and lung samples were collected. Larvae were isolated from embryonated eggs <em>in vitro</em>, from the liver at 4 DPI, and the lung at 8 DPI. Utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing, we analyzed bacterial diversity in samples from different <em>Ascaris</em> stages and host tissues. Our results revealed a total of 8040 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with <em>Ascaris</em> samples displaying the highest diversity. Notably, <em>Ascaris-</em>larvae associated microbiota differed significantly from that of the host, with higher diversity observed in the parasite. Differential abundance analysis identified distinct taxonomic patterns, highlighting specific genera such as <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>, <em>Achromobacter</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas</em> in <em>Ascaris</em>. Our findings suggest that <em>Ascaris</em> harbors a unique microbiota that potentially exchanges bacteria with the host during larval migration. These insights pave the way for further research into the ecological and functional dynamics of helminth-microbiota interactions, which may inform novel therapeutic strategies targeting these microbial relationships to mitigate helminth infections and improve host health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes and its potential impact on severity of mastitis in dairy cows","authors":"Stéfani T.A. Dantas ,&nbsp;Laura B.B. Silva ,&nbsp;Laura T.S. Takume ,&nbsp;Bruna F. Rossi ,&nbsp;Erika C.R. Bonsaglia ,&nbsp;Ary Fernandes Júnior ,&nbsp;José C.F. Pantoja ,&nbsp;Marcos V. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Juliano L. Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Andrea O.B. Ribon ,&nbsp;Nathalia C.C. Silva ,&nbsp;Vera L.M. Rall","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> enterotoxins (SEs) can lead to food poisoning and appear to play a pivotal role in the development and severity of mastitis. This study aimed to evaluate whether the presence and diversity of <em>S. aureus</em> Enterotoxin genes mastitis-causing are associated with the development and severity of mastitis in dairy cows. Comparative analysis of <em>S. aureus</em> isolates from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis (103 isolates each, CM and SM respectively) was conducted, examining the occurrence of enterotoxins (<em>sea-see</em>, <em>seg-sez</em>, <em>sel26, sel27, sel01</em> and s<em>e02</em>). Clinical isolates exhibited greater diversity, with 14 genes compared to four in subclinical isolates, and higher gene frequency (100 % vs. 86.4 %). Among the classical SEs, only sec (1 %) and <em>sed</em> (4.9 %) were detected in clinical isolates, suggesting a potential insignificance in the development of mastitis. Conversely, the <em>selw</em> and <em>selx</em> genes were among the most prevalent in both clinical and subclinical mastitis isolates. While their role in human food poisoning has not been definitively established, they appear to influence mastitis development. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in clinical isolates carrying <em>seg</em>, <em>seh, sei, seo, seul1, seul2, selw</em>, and <em>selx</em> genes compared to subclinical isolates, suggesting their potential involvement in the severity of mastitis. Determining the frequency of SE gene and its role in mastitis establishment and in clinical mastitis severity, as well as understanding how enterotoxins contribute to pathogenicity in clinical and subclinical mastitis, is crucial for guiding optimal medical therapy for animals and establishing effective veterinary treatments to mitigate economic losses in the dairy industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological and molecular investigation of Leptospira spp. In bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from Brazil","authors":"Juliana Maria Nunes Batista ,&nbsp;Israel Barbosa Guedes ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Messias Vila ,&nbsp;Felipe Rodrigues Jorge ,&nbsp;Stephanie Bergmann Esteves ,&nbsp;João Eduardo Cavalcanti Brito ,&nbsp;Natália Carrillo Gaeta ,&nbsp;Beatriz Gagete Veríssimo de Mello ,&nbsp;Enio Mori ,&nbsp;Adriana Cortez ,&nbsp;Ricardo Augusto Dias ,&nbsp;José Soares Ferreira Neto ,&nbsp;Marcos Bryan Heinemann","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bats play a crucial role in the ecosystem, yet concerns have arisen regarding their potential as carriers of zoonotic bacteria, including <em>Leptospira</em> spp. Due to the lack of knowledge about the carrier state of bats in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of antibodies against <em>Leptospira</em> spp. and its DNA in bats from four Brazilian States (São Paulo, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Ceará). Bats were captured using mist nets and categorized by sex, age, and species. Antibodies were searched in 22 bats via the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Additionally, 168 kidney and nine urine samples were subjected to PCR for <em>Leptospira</em> spp. Out of 177 samples tested, two (1.13 %) were positive in PCR, while none showed reactivity in MAT. These results suggest a low prevalence of <em>Leptospira</em> spp. infection in bats, indicating a limited role in transmitting leptospirosis to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife in the studied region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights to the role of phytoconstituents in aiding multi drug resistance – Tuberculosis treatment strategies","authors":"Richi Goel ,&nbsp;Anush Tomar ,&nbsp;Sweta Bawari","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have emerged as a global challenge. There are several underlying mechanisms which are involved in causing mycobacterial resistance towards antitubercular agents including post translational modifications, efflux pumps and gene mutations. This resistance necessitates the investigation of complementary therapeutic options including the use of bioactive compounds from plants. Recent studies have focused on recognising and isolating the characteristics of these compounds to assess their potential against MDR-TB. Phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, and essential oils have shown promising antimicrobial activity against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. These compounds can either directly kill or inhibit the growth of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> or enhance the immune system's ability to fight against the infection. Some studies suggest that combining phytoconstituents with standard antitubercular medications works synergistically by enhancing the efficacy of drug, potentially lowering the associated risk of side effects and eventually combating resistance development. This review attempts to elucidate the potential of phytoconstituents in combating resistance in MDR-TB which hold a promise to change the course of treatment strategies in tuberculosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of gut microbiota and metabolite variations between severe and mild acute pancreatitis patients at different stages","authors":"Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Yumei Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Han ,&nbsp;Sucheng Mu ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Lulu Lan ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Hao Xiang ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Tong ,&nbsp;Shilin Du","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is influenced by interactions between gut microbiota and metabolic products, though the mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates variations in gut microbiota and metabolites between severe (SAP) and mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) patients to assess their impact on disease progression. Using a cross-sectional cohort design, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles were compared in SAP and MAP patients over two weeks post-diagnosis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analyses, including KEGG pathway assessments and Spearman correlation, were employed, along with Mendelian Randomization (MR) to assess the influence of specific microbiota on AP. Results showed that SAP patients had significantly reduced gut microbiota diversity, which further declined in the second week. This was marked by increases in pathogenic bacteria like <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> and <em>Enterobacter</em> and decreases in beneficial bacteria such as <em>Blautia</em>. Key changes included a rise in Proteobacteria and a decline in <em>Ruminococcaceae</em>, <em>Enterococcus</em>, and <em>Faecalicatena</em>. Metabolic shifts included lipid metabolite upregulation and antioxidant downregulation. Correlation analysis linked <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> to short-chain fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, highlighting its role in disease progression. MR analysis confirmed negative causal relationships between <em>Enterococcus B</em>, <em>Faecalicatena torques</em>, and AP, suggesting protective effects. Variations in <em>Blautia</em> species indicated differing influences on AP. This study underscores the critical role of gut microbiota and metabolites in AP progression and suggests the need for further research to confirm these findings and explore targeted therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of γδ T cells with different memory phenotypes in clinical diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Xuanmiao Liu ,&nbsp;Junchi Xu ,&nbsp;Yanjun Feng ,&nbsp;Meiying Wu ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Yiyan Song ,&nbsp;Huafeng Song ,&nbsp;Yanzheng Gu ,&nbsp;Ping Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the application and clinical significance of different memory phenotypes of γδ T-cell subsets in the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In total, 42 patients with tuberculosis (TB) according to the diagnostic criteria for tuberculosis (WS288-2017) who were treated at the Infectious Diseases Hospital affiliated with Soochow University from February 2023 to July 2023 were enrolled. Additionally, 16 patients with latent TB infection (LTBI) and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression levels of γδ T cells, Vδ1 T-cell subsets/Vδ2 T-cell subsets, naive (CD45RA + CD27⁺) cells, central memory (CD45RA-CD27⁺) cells, effector memory (CD45RA-CD27⁻) cells, and terminally differentiated (CD45RA + CD27⁻) cells in the peripheral blood. The expression levels at different stages of TB infection were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no significant differences in peripheral blood γδ T cells or Vδ1 T cells among the HC, LTBI and TB groups. The proportion of CD45RA-CD27+Vδ2 T cells in TB patients was significantly lower than that in HCs and LTBI patients, but the proportion of CD45RA + CD27-Vδ2 T cells was greater. ROC curve analysis revealed that CD45RA-CD27+Vδ2 T cells (AUC), CD45RA + CD27-Vδ2 T cells (AUC), and the combination of both (AUC) were effective in differentiating TB patients from LTBI patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The proportions of CD45RA-CD27+Vδ2 T cells and CD45RA + CD27-Vδ2 T cells are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of active TB infection and are helpful for distinguishing active TB infection from LTBI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 107032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as an alternative host for the study of pathogenicity in Candida auris.","authors":"Milena Izabel Dos Santos Rodrigues, Gabriel Henrique Rodrigues da Cruz, Fabíola Lucini, Alexandre Moreira de Almeida, Fabricio Fagundes Pereira, Rondon Tosta Ramalho, Simone Simionatto, Luana Rossato","doi":"10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida auris, a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, has emerged as a significant global health threat due to its high transmission and mortality rates, especially in healthcare settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to establish the larvae of the coleopteran Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) as an in vivo model to evaluate the virulence of different C. auris strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>T. molitor larvae were inoculated with varying doses and strains of C. auris. Mortality rates were monitored, melanization responses, and phenoloxidase activity were assessed. Histopathological analyses were conducted to observe tissue invasion by the yeast cells. Additionally, a biofilm formation test was included as a complementary analysis to determine if biofilm production would influence the virulence of the C. auris strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A dose-dependent increase in mortality was observed, with the highest fungal load leading to the highest mortality rates. The study also revealed significant differences in virulence among the strains, with those from Kuwait and the reference strain CBS 10913 showing the highest pathogenicity. Melanization rates were significantly higher in infected larvae, indicating an active immune response. The histopathological analysis revealed the presence of C. auris cells within the tissue of T. molitor larvae. However, the biofilm formation complementary test did not show a significant difference in virulence among the different clades of C. auris.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The T. molitor model effectively demonstrated the pathogenic potential and virulence differences of C. auris strains. Strains from Kuwait and the reference strain CBS 10913 exhibited the highest virulence, causing 100% mortality within 24 hours. The model also highlighted significant biofilm formation and melanization responses, correlating with fungal burden. This insect model provides a valuable and cost-effective tool for preliminary virulence screening of clinical yeast strains, offering insights into host-pathogen interactions and the potential for evaluating antifungal treatments in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":18599,"journal":{"name":"Microbial pathogenesis","volume":" ","pages":"107115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}