Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703029
N. Rassai, N. Boutammachte, Kaoutar Laazaar
The purpose of the current study is to valorize Moroccan olive waste in a small-scale burner in order to produce electricity through Stirling engine. To fulfill this purpose, a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the combustion of the olive cake was presented, in which the pulverized olive particles are injected into the burner through two concentric injection tubes. The numerical method is based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach opting the realizable $mathrm{k}-varepsilon$ turbulence model for turbulence, the non-premixed combustion model for gas combustion, the Lagrangian method (DPM) for the discrete second and the PI for radiation. The contours of velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, DPM burnout and mass of NO was presented and discussed.
{"title":"Valorization of Moroccan Olive Cake in Small Scale Bumer Through Stirling Engine: Case Study","authors":"N. Rassai, N. Boutammachte, Kaoutar Laazaar","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703029","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study is to valorize Moroccan olive waste in a small-scale burner in order to produce electricity through Stirling engine. To fulfill this purpose, a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the combustion of the olive cake was presented, in which the pulverized olive particles are injected into the burner through two concentric injection tubes. The numerical method is based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach opting the realizable $mathrm{k}-varepsilon$ turbulence model for turbulence, the non-premixed combustion model for gas combustion, the Lagrangian method (DPM) for the discrete second and the PI for radiation. The contours of velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, DPM burnout and mass of NO was presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124898166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702980
Said Aissou, Djamila Rekioua, T. Rekioua, S. Bacha
The advantages of water pumping installations for potable water or for irrigation are well known throughout the world. In this context, our work is oriented towards the implementation of a photovoltaic pumping system (PPS). Power maximization is done with a most classical Perturb and Observe (P&O) method). The PPS is implemented using dSPACE DS1104 board. The motor used is a single-phase induction motor (SPIM), which has the advantage of simplicity in control and in operation, it’s low cost compared to the three-phase motor. Through this work, we are looking to design an experimental platform with simple electronic systems and a low cost prototype used in both research and industry for the measurement of the photovoltaic electrical characteristics with rapid tracking of the maximum power and application to water pumping. The results obtained through simulation and practices are given and show the effectiveness of the suggested system by using different levels of solar irradiation. The proposed PV pumping system is installed in the research laboratory LTII of Bejaia University (Algeria). This system is simple and inexpensive for a small-scale pumping system.
{"title":"Simple and Low-Cost Solution System for a Small Scale Power Photovoltaic Water Pumping System","authors":"Said Aissou, Djamila Rekioua, T. Rekioua, S. Bacha","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702980","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of water pumping installations for potable water or for irrigation are well known throughout the world. In this context, our work is oriented towards the implementation of a photovoltaic pumping system (PPS). Power maximization is done with a most classical Perturb and Observe (P&O) method). The PPS is implemented using dSPACE DS1104 board. The motor used is a single-phase induction motor (SPIM), which has the advantage of simplicity in control and in operation, it’s low cost compared to the three-phase motor. Through this work, we are looking to design an experimental platform with simple electronic systems and a low cost prototype used in both research and industry for the measurement of the photovoltaic electrical characteristics with rapid tracking of the maximum power and application to water pumping. The results obtained through simulation and practices are given and show the effectiveness of the suggested system by using different levels of solar irradiation. The proposed PV pumping system is installed in the research laboratory LTII of Bejaia University (Algeria). This system is simple and inexpensive for a small-scale pumping system.","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126060165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702826
Y. Amadane, H. Mounir, A. Marjani, Ettouhami Mohamed Karim
The (PEM) fuel cell with straight single-channel is composed of current collectors (CCs), catalyst layers (CLs), gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and membrane. There are a large number of design parameters which can influence the performance of the (PEM) fuel cell system. In this study, the influences of geometric parameters are studied and developed. The comparison of polarization curve and gas species distribution within the two cells as well as the temperature distribution are presented and discussed. The straight single-channe1-50mm (SC-50mm) showed better in performance than single-channel-40mm (SC-40mm) by 83%.
{"title":"A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Investigation of two PEM Fuel Cells with Straight Single-Channel(SC): SC-40mm and SC-50mm","authors":"Y. Amadane, H. Mounir, A. Marjani, Ettouhami Mohamed Karim","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702826","url":null,"abstract":"The (PEM) fuel cell with straight single-channel is composed of current collectors (CCs), catalyst layers (CLs), gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and membrane. There are a large number of design parameters which can influence the performance of the (PEM) fuel cell system. In this study, the influences of geometric parameters are studied and developed. The comparison of polarization curve and gas species distribution within the two cells as well as the temperature distribution are presented and discussed. The straight single-channe1-50mm (SC-50mm) showed better in performance than single-channel-40mm (SC-40mm) by 83%.","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123254591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703034
D. Rezzak, Abdelkader Sitayeb, Yahia Houam, Khaled Touafek, N. Boudjerda
This paper addresses the problem of batteries recharging in stand-alone photovoltaic systems, a new design has been presented based on a non-inverting voltage buck-boost converter and a two-stage control system, taking into account, the compensation of the temperature of a valve-regulated lead-acid battery. The new proposed structure of the battery charger, increase the lifetime and allows a complete recharging of the batteries. Moreover, the process of charging is possible without using the method of state of charge estimation of the lead acid batteries that can produce a dangerous charging process if the batteries state of charge did not estimated with a good precision. Thus, the battery charger proposed, is valid for several types of batteries (ex: acid lead, nickel cadmium, lithium ion) and for different voltage levels (ex: 12, 24, 48 V).
{"title":"A New Design of Lead-Acid Battery Charger Based on Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter for the Photovoltaic Application","authors":"D. Rezzak, Abdelkader Sitayeb, Yahia Houam, Khaled Touafek, N. Boudjerda","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of batteries recharging in stand-alone photovoltaic systems, a new design has been presented based on a non-inverting voltage buck-boost converter and a two-stage control system, taking into account, the compensation of the temperature of a valve-regulated lead-acid battery. The new proposed structure of the battery charger, increase the lifetime and allows a complete recharging of the batteries. Moreover, the process of charging is possible without using the method of state of charge estimation of the lead acid batteries that can produce a dangerous charging process if the batteries state of charge did not estimated with a good precision. Thus, the battery charger proposed, is valid for several types of batteries (ex: acid lead, nickel cadmium, lithium ion) and for different voltage levels (ex: 12, 24, 48 V).","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115217183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703008
M. S. Davis, M. Madani
Wind turbines employed today use a variety on onboard electronics systems. These onboard electronics include a wide variety of controls and sensors for maintaining wind turbines within their operational ranges. As such, interference or interruptions of these electronics can cause unwanted system behavior or worse, system damage and destruction. A significant source for wind turbine performance degradation or reductions in reliability comes in the form of static electricity. As wind turbine blades sweep through the air, electrostatic accumulation occurs on the wind turbine blade surfaces. This accumulation can have detrimental effects on the system’s equipment unless proper precautions are taken to mitigate static electric charge accumulation. The scope of this research is to analyze the capability and effects of electrostatic accumulation on wind turbine components. This research is intended to (1) define the current risk that static electricity poses to wind turbines, (2) investigate causes for static electric accumulation, and (3) assess potential mitigation methods to better safeguard wind turbines against the effects of static electricity.
{"title":"Investigation into the Effects of Static Electricity on Wind Turbine Systems","authors":"M. S. Davis, M. Madani","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703008","url":null,"abstract":"Wind turbines employed today use a variety on onboard electronics systems. These onboard electronics include a wide variety of controls and sensors for maintaining wind turbines within their operational ranges. As such, interference or interruptions of these electronics can cause unwanted system behavior or worse, system damage and destruction. A significant source for wind turbine performance degradation or reductions in reliability comes in the form of static electricity. As wind turbine blades sweep through the air, electrostatic accumulation occurs on the wind turbine blade surfaces. This accumulation can have detrimental effects on the system’s equipment unless proper precautions are taken to mitigate static electric charge accumulation. The scope of this research is to analyze the capability and effects of electrostatic accumulation on wind turbine components. This research is intended to (1) define the current risk that static electricity poses to wind turbines, (2) investigate causes for static electric accumulation, and (3) assess potential mitigation methods to better safeguard wind turbines against the effects of static electricity.","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130509651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703007
A. Salam, A. E. Hibaoui
Predicting electricity power consumption is an important task which provides intelligence to utilities and helps them to improve their systems’ performance in terms of productivity and effectiveness. Machine learning models are the most accurate models used in prediction. The goal of our study is to predict the electricity power consumption every 10 minutes, and/or every hour with the determining objective of which approach is the most successful. To this end, we will compare different types of machine learning models that recently have gained popularity: feedforward neural network with backpropagation algorithm, random forest, decision tree, and support vector machine for regression (SVR) with radial basis function kernel. The parameters associated with the comparative models are optimized based on Grid-search method in order to find the accurate performance. The dataset that is used in this comparative study is related to three different power distribution networks of Tetouan city which is located in north Morocco. The historical data used has been taken from Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system (SCADA) every 10 minutes for the period between 2017-01-01 and 2017- 12-31. The results indicate that random forest model achieved smaller prediction errors compared to their counterparts.
{"title":"Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for the Power Consumption Prediction : - Case Study of Tetouan city –","authors":"A. Salam, A. E. Hibaoui","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8703007","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting electricity power consumption is an important task which provides intelligence to utilities and helps them to improve their systems’ performance in terms of productivity and effectiveness. Machine learning models are the most accurate models used in prediction. The goal of our study is to predict the electricity power consumption every 10 minutes, and/or every hour with the determining objective of which approach is the most successful. To this end, we will compare different types of machine learning models that recently have gained popularity: feedforward neural network with backpropagation algorithm, random forest, decision tree, and support vector machine for regression (SVR) with radial basis function kernel. The parameters associated with the comparative models are optimized based on Grid-search method in order to find the accurate performance. The dataset that is used in this comparative study is related to three different power distribution networks of Tetouan city which is located in north Morocco. The historical data used has been taken from Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system (SCADA) every 10 minutes for the period between 2017-01-01 and 2017- 12-31. The results indicate that random forest model achieved smaller prediction errors compared to their counterparts.","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129120063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/irsec.2018.8702900
{"title":"[Copyright notice]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/irsec.2018.8702900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2018.8702900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129122579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702827
Mustapha Adar, H. Bazine, Y. Najih, Caouthar Bahanni, M. Mabrouki, Ahmed Chebak
In this paper, a performance analysis of three grid-connected PV systems in Beni Mellal weather conditions was carried out using PVsyst software. The PV system consists of polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si), monocrystalline silicon (mc-Si) and amorphous (a-Si) solar cell technologies. The annual production is found to be around 3733.1 kWh, 3716.5 kWh and 3543.8 kWh for the mc-Si, pc-Si and a-Si technologies, respectively. The performance analysis has showed that the annual average value of PR ratio for the a-Si is nearly 83.8%, 80.5% for mc-Si and 80.1% for pc-Si plant.
{"title":"Simulation Study of three PV Systems","authors":"Mustapha Adar, H. Bazine, Y. Najih, Caouthar Bahanni, M. Mabrouki, Ahmed Chebak","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702827","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a performance analysis of three grid-connected PV systems in Beni Mellal weather conditions was carried out using PVsyst software. The PV system consists of polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si), monocrystalline silicon (mc-Si) and amorphous (a-Si) solar cell technologies. The annual production is found to be around 3733.1 kWh, 3716.5 kWh and 3543.8 kWh for the mc-Si, pc-Si and a-Si technologies, respectively. The performance analysis has showed that the annual average value of PR ratio for the a-Si is nearly 83.8%, 80.5% for mc-Si and 80.1% for pc-Si plant.","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123394060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702905
Kaoutar Daoudi, El Mostapha Boudi
Damages in gears may be a result of overload, inadequate operating conditions, or simple fatigue during power transmission. This paper studies the structural analysis by the finite element method of the gearbox of the wind turbine with an epicyclical gear system, under different excitation conditions. This analysis was according to the variation of operating mode or the type of epicyclical gear train. It gives us a vision of the concentrations of stress, in order to minimize the propagation of cracks and to estimate the lifecycle of the system. This investigation will play a very important role in the correct functioning of the power transmission system. In addition, it gives us an idea about the wind turbine gearbox vibration, so the compound that causes more noise. The design procedure has been detailed in the rest of the paper under the CAO software and the result of the numerical simulation has been evaluated by using Ansys software.
{"title":"Structural Analysis of Wind Turbine Epicyclical Gear System by FEM","authors":"Kaoutar Daoudi, El Mostapha Boudi","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702905","url":null,"abstract":"Damages in gears may be a result of overload, inadequate operating conditions, or simple fatigue during power transmission. This paper studies the structural analysis by the finite element method of the gearbox of the wind turbine with an epicyclical gear system, under different excitation conditions. This analysis was according to the variation of operating mode or the type of epicyclical gear train. It gives us a vision of the concentrations of stress, in order to minimize the propagation of cracks and to estimate the lifecycle of the system. This investigation will play a very important role in the correct functioning of the power transmission system. In addition, it gives us an idea about the wind turbine gearbox vibration, so the compound that causes more noise. The design procedure has been detailed in the rest of the paper under the CAO software and the result of the numerical simulation has been evaluated by using Ansys software.","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"48 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114006463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702843
F. Daqaq, M. Ouassaid, R. Ellaia, Ahmed Tchvagha Zeine
This paper proposes a probabilistic power flow multiobjective optimization for solving a hybrid wind and solar power system. In this study, some conventional generators are replaced with renewable sources as wind and photovoltaic (PV) power for IEEE 30-bus standard test system. The randomness of power generated by wind and PV is modeled. The problem is solved based on expected values of generated renewable power using the Probability Density Function (PDF) and the Cumulative Density Function (CDF). Weibull and lognormal probability density function are used to calculate available wind and solar power, respectively. Two cases (with and without renewable sources) were considered in the evaluation. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm ensures better performance than other optimization approaches found in the literature.
{"title":"Optimal Power Flow Solution Including Stochastic Renewable Resources","authors":"F. Daqaq, M. Ouassaid, R. Ellaia, Ahmed Tchvagha Zeine","doi":"10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IRSEC.2018.8702843","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a probabilistic power flow multiobjective optimization for solving a hybrid wind and solar power system. In this study, some conventional generators are replaced with renewable sources as wind and photovoltaic (PV) power for IEEE 30-bus standard test system. The randomness of power generated by wind and PV is modeled. The problem is solved based on expected values of generated renewable power using the Probability Density Function (PDF) and the Cumulative Density Function (CDF). Weibull and lognormal probability density function are used to calculate available wind and solar power, respectively. Two cases (with and without renewable sources) were considered in the evaluation. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm ensures better performance than other optimization approaches found in the literature.","PeriodicalId":186042,"journal":{"name":"2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127965194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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