The Oriental Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"Livelihoods and Health Status of Urban Slums : A Case Study on Allahabad City, India","authors":"N. Waheed, A. R. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1177/0976343020180107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020180107","url":null,"abstract":"Slums are those shanty settlements, which are located on hazardous, fragile, and polluted lands that no one wants to use. The economic condition of the people, who live there, does not allow them to spend a healthy life. Slum facilities are venJ much unsatisfactonJ for them due to lack of proper water supply and sanitation condition. They have to live in such an adverse condition that they face many health problems. The main purpose of this study was to find out the effect of livelihood on health status of urban slums of Allahabad City. Data were collected from 20 slum spots by survey method. A well structure interview schedule was designed to collect information from the field . Respondents were selected by random sampling method. Researchers found that people living in urban slums had poor living conditions. Owing to unhygienic condition, health status of slum dwellers was also very unsatisfactory. The researchers also identified vulnerable areas/ critical zones in their spatial perspective.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"33 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114968359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Mother and Child health care services among the Telis of Raipur District","authors":"N. Sen, M. Chakravarty, Satyajeet Singh Kosariya","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170208","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed to assess the level of utilization of mother and child health care services among the Telis of Raipur district in order to develop effective health planning falfilling specific local need. For the present investigation data, was collected from 11 blocks of Raipur district on the basis of preponderance of Teli population. Twenty two villages were selected on the basis of probability proportion to size of the population covering 303 households. Interview schedule was used for data collection. The study found out that home deliven; cases were very high, while prolonged labour and excessive bleeding were the post deliven; complications. Immunization status was also recorded to be low. Both the pregnant and the non pregnant woman are predominantly over burdened with heavy work load both in agriculture and in household. They continue to work until the time of birth and resume the work shortly after tlze delivery which puts deep impact on their health and general well being. Although Chhattisgarh government and health department have launched various good schemes for the betterment of maternal and child health care but substantial efforts and implementation is required as a priorihj for bettennent of the reproductive health amongst the Telis. INTRODUCTION India has been adopting many programmes to strengthen and increase quality services to regulate fertility as effectively as possible. Researchers and social scientists have identified a number of factors responsible such as poor accessibility, lack of infrastructures, poor quality of care involved in the way a client is tackled by the providers, lack of faith in the services, delivery system etc. However, the extent of impact of these factors on utilization of services varies according to traits, beliefs and perception of beneficiaries (Varma, et al., 1993). 91h five year plan has integrated all the related programmes of the earlier plans like Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM) and Maternal and Child Health (MCH) programmes. Since the Reproductive and Child •Address for Communication: *Research scholar, 5.0.S. in Anthropology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India. The Oriental Anthropologist, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2017, Pages 345-358 © OICSR, Allahabad Corresponding Author E-mail: satyajeetkosariya@gmail.com 346 Neerja Sen, Moyna Chakravarty and Sah;ajeet Singh Kosariya Health (RCH) services are focused on women in reproductive age, its utilization is likely to be affected by socio-economic and other individual characteristics of women, viz education level, modernization, women's access to resources like empowerment, their knowledge, attitude and practices. Therefore, delivery of health services which is largely a technological and managerial process has to be viewed with an epidemiology and social dimension. Although, women and children throughout the developing world share common health problems associated with reproductive behaviour and child mortality, the key conce","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116238906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribes as ‘Indigenous Peoples’: Revisiting Indigeneity Debate in India","authors":"Rashwet Shrinkhal","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170201","url":null,"abstract":"In recent past, indigenous peoples’ struggle against historical injustices have been successful in realising a distinct international legal regime regarding the rights of ‘indigenous peoples’. As a result, the claim for ‘indigeneity’ has dramatically increased as part of global indigenous politics. In India, determination of ‘tribal people’ as ‘indigenous peoples’ remains a highly contentious issue. Academicians have been very much divided in their opinions. The present Article delves into the concept of ‘tribe’ in India and critically analyses the ‘indigeneity’ debate centred around. It argues that ‘indigeneity’ based on prior occupancy is ill-suited to the Indian context. However, ‘tribal people’ can be considered as ‘indigenous peoples’, if ‘indigeneity’ is considered as a social fact.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124122108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Healing Rituals of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. John","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128674476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caught Between Definitions: Locating the Zimbabwean Internal Displacement within the Global Humanitarian Regime of Support","authors":"M. Naidu, Abigail Behura","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170202","url":null,"abstract":"Internal displacement and other forms of forced migration have proved difficult to place in absolute categories. In the majority of cases, it can be acknowledged that the attempt to classift; these groups of people, who have been victims of some form of forced geographic relocation into concrete categories is largely restrictive, parochial and impracticable. Admittedly, these categorizations have (arguably) served their purpose in making individual countries (and the global community) efficiently and effectively give (appropriate) assistance to the vulnerable populations. However, this has also raised some new concerns about the groups of people who do not easily fall into the recognized categories. For such a people, humanitarian assistance and protection has been (inadvertently) slow and inadequate. In cognizance of the slippen; and contested nature of the internal displacement phenomenon in the Zimbabwean context, this paper makes an attempt to look at internal displacement and other forms of forced migration from an unorthodox angle. This essay questions the applicabilitt; of definitional umbrella terms and the subsequent suggested solutions to forced displacement attached to these. The paper uses the Capability Approach to enhance understanding of the plight of Internally Displaced Persons (ID Ps) as well as support the argument on the quest to recategorise this group of forced migrants in the Zimbabwean context. This qualitative essay uses empirical evidence gathered from a selected sample of displaced communities and humanitarian organisations in Zimbabwe to prove the prevalence of ID Ps in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, it makes use of the multiple discourses on the forced migration phenomenon at a global level and Zimbabwe in particular to cement arguments on how categorisations have affected IDPs in the country. The conclusions reached in this paper are that ID Ps in Zimbabwe have been victims of definitional rigiditt;. Therefore, they have suffered the subsequent effects of their (seeming) ~Address for Communication: *Department of Anthropology, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The Oriental Anthropologist, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2017, Pages 237-256 © OICSR, Allahabad Corresponding Author E-mail:naiduu@ukzn.ac.za 238 Maheshvari Naidu and Abigail Behura failure to fit into the common categories of forced migrants at a socio-political and economic level. Thus, in order to qualifiJ for protection and the relevant assistance, ID Ps in Zimbabwe have to be viewed in a different pr\"spective than their current status dictates.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123204095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversion Programmes: Case Studies of the Youth Empowerment Scheme Programme at NICRO, Durban, South Africa","authors":"S. Singh, Precious Nolwazi. Ntuli","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170203","url":null,"abstract":"The high level of crime in South Africa remains a concern. Particularly, crime that involves youth offenders puts them at high risk of becoming involved with the criminal justice system. Despite some success in reducing crime among youths who were in conflict with the law by means of rehabilitating them in diversion programme, some youth find it difficult to live their lives in harmony with the behavioural norms of their society and they are often tempted to deviate due to their circumstances. Although much work has been done in recent years through diversion programmes an illumination of the perspectives and understanding of youth is limited in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to examine the youths' understanding of their own criminal behaviour after completing the Youth Empowerment Scheme programme at the National Institute for Crime prevention and Reintegration of Offenders (NICRO) . The study also aimed at identifi; factors that contributed to the criminal behaviour of youth in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128291298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability of Inland Waterways in a Globalized World : With reference to Indo-Bangla Connectivity","authors":"Suraj Prasad, N. Roy","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170205","url":null,"abstract":"Inland Water is critical mode of transportation that is cost effective, environmentally friendly, and energy efficient. The significant advantages provided by inland water transportation makes in a suitable option for transportation of bulky cargo to and fro ports as well as for domestic consumption. Inland Water Transport also acts as an income generator for those living on the waterfront. However, in India, inland water transport has never been given priority as a means of transport. The current paper examines the causes of the indifferent attitude of India in developing the waterways as well as the importance of developing them in the context of the connectivity that it provides to Inda-Bangladesh trade potentials. INTRODUCTION Historically, riverbanks have been the site of all ancient settlement, as easy access to river provided not just water for consumption, but also the opportunity to navigate and connect to other settlements along the riverbank. These advantages that are provided by rivers have not been offset by technological advancements, and riverbanks continue to play major role in transportation of goods and people. In India, waterways were used extensively during the colonial era as all major colonial centres were located either on the bank of rivers or seas. But the importance of this mode has nosedived in the post-independent era because of the expansion of competitive and efficient modes like railways, roads and airways. The major problem of waterway India is that it is heavily relied on other modes of transport to carry goods and passengers. Insularity is also responsible for the decline of this mode of transport in India. However, post liberalisation of Indian economy, an increased importance is being given to inland water transport in both policy making as well as in academia. Bhadra •Address for Communication: *Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi University. The Oriental Anthropologist, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2017, Pages 289-302 © OICSR, Allahabad Corresponding Author E-mail: surajprasad27@gmail.com 290 Suraj Prasad and Nikhil Roy (2000) has analysed the multi modal transport system in Brahmaputra basin of Assam and suggested policy measures for improving inland trade along the Brahmaputra. Similarly, Sarma (1997) has touched on the historical development of inland waterways and highlighted the prospects of inland water transport in national growth. The development of inland waterways has also seen increased government funding in the ninth and tenth five year plans (Rangraj and Raghuram, 2007), as well as from Asian Development Bank (Indian Infrastructure, 2004). In recent studies, inland transport has also been established as the most cost effective means of transport as the cost of movement by this mode has been calculated at Rs 0.37 per tonne per kilometre, as compared to 0. 96 by road and 0.50 by rail (Rao and Kumar, 1996). A long term cost benefit analysis of inland transport by Sriraman, (2010) also this ","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114654923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Structure of a Nomadic Community : Raika","authors":"Pragya Sharma","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170207","url":null,"abstract":"Raikas are the largest group of nomadic pastoralists of India. Each year after the rains, hundreds and thousands of shepherds embark in collective camps on migraton; journeys that can span distance of up to 1200 kms and last up to nine months. The present paper is an attempt to study the social structure among Raika. Fieldwork has been done in two villages predominantly inhabitated by Raikas, Raika Ki Dhani and Manpur Bakdi in Pali Sirohi Belt.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128121977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Ethnonyms of Indian Tribes: An Investigation into Ecological and Economic Dimensions","authors":"S. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170211","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnonym means the name of an ethnic group. The names of the group may be derived from various sources. Often these names or ethnonyms denote the ecological context to which a particular group belongs. The names are primarily studied with regard to socio-historical issues and social changes, identihJ questions or something of magico-religious significance. The present study however attempts to study the names of the ethnic groups (ethnonyms) in order to understand the delineation of tribe with regard to ecological and economic references. In this connection it brings in neologism by proposing two terms, one econym (naming a tribe after the ecological context) and econonym (naming the tribe indicating its subsistence pattern). The econonym in a sense broadly indicates the deep ecological background of the tribal groups. Thus the study comes with the observation that the tribes are also ecologically defined categories as the ethnonyms of the tribes suggest. The ethonyms also indicate two different modes of tribal formation across self-identity parameter.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128182044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious Beliefs and Practices among Chuktia Bhunjia Tribe of Odisha: Looking through Anthropological Lens","authors":"Bhubaneswar Sabar","doi":"10.1177/0976343020170206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020170206","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing from the empirical evidences, this paper narrates the religious beliefs and practices of Chuktia Bhunjia tribe of Odisha who exclusively inhabit interior parts of Sunabeda wildlife sanctuan; located in the Nuapada district. It is inferred from the narrations, collected from octogenarians and through observations (participant and quasi-participant) that religious practices constitute an important part of Bhunjia's life where they bestow their happiness by celebrating rituals and festivals. Gender exclusion in these rituals is clearly noticed that has direct link to their material culture. Most of the religious practices and festivals are related to lifecycle phases, agriculture and collection of minor forest produce. Although the existing customary norms continue to become instrumental in reinforcing people to celebrate rituals; state intervention, acculturation and influence of non-tribals who are said to have migrated to this region in 1970s, are catalytic forces behind the undergoing changes in their traditionally practiced belief patterns and festivals. Nevertheless, the persistence of beliefs, rituals and festivals among them construct an identity of their own.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114774227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}