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A Peace Education Model for Aligning the Aim of Indigenous People for Self-Determination with the Socio-Political Aims of Government: Bangladesh Context 使土著人民自决目标与政府的社会政治目标相一致的和平教育模式:孟加拉国背景
Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1177/0972558X231158794
Leon Miller
This article addresses the challenge indigenous cultures in South Asia face in their struggle for self-determination and to have their distinctive identity officially recognized. In such struggles, the focus is often on the extent to which the government is either supportive of the rights of indigenous cultural groups or guilty of violating their rights. In this respect, human rights are seen as a manifestation of good governance, and human rights violations are an indication of bad governance, consequently a source of social conflict. This is especially important when engaging in peacebuilding in contexts where social groups feel that their struggle to realize their rights results in a conflictual relationship with the government. This article explains a peace education model for achieving the aim of greater self-determination by transforming what was regarded as opposition to government into common goals based on shared values and the agreement to cooperate to achieve the shared aim of human, social, and sustainable development.
本文论述了南亚土著文化在争取自决和使其独特身份得到官方承认的斗争中所面临的挑战。在这样的斗争中,焦点往往是政府在多大程度上支持土著文化群体的权利,或者侵犯了他们的权利。在这方面,人权被视为善政的表现,而侵犯人权则是恶政的表现,因此是社会冲突的根源。在社会团体认为他们为实现自己的权利而进行的斗争导致与政府的关系发生冲突的情况下,在参与建设和平时,这一点尤为重要。本文解释了一种和平教育模式,通过将被视为反对政府的东西转化为基于共同价值观的共同目标,并同意合作实现人类、社会和可持续发展的共同目标,从而实现更大的自决目标。
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引用次数: 0
Negotiating In(security): Agency and Adaptation Among Zimbabwean Migrant Women Working in the Informal Sector in South Africa 谈判(安全):在南非非正规部门工作的津巴布韦移民妇女的能动性和适应性
Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/0972558X221147832
Victoria M. Mutambara, M. Naidu
The deepening levels of poverty in Zimbabwe have resulted in high numbers of Zimbabwean women migrating to South Africa in the hopes of securing better wages and job security. Most of these migrants end up working in the informal sector with limited income, high levels of insecurity, and a lack of protection against gender-based violence and xenophobia. Regardless of the adversities that these women encounter, they often display resilience and adaptability. Based on semi-structured interviews with 22 Zimbabwean migrant women, this article documents how these migrant women navigated some of the vulnerabilities and challenges they encountered. Instead of always being constrained by different structures of violence, this article unpacks the women’s strategies to ensure their survival.
津巴布韦贫穷程度的加深导致大量津巴布韦妇女移徙到南非,以期获得更好的工资和工作保障。这些移徙者中的大多数最终在非正规部门工作,收入有限,高度不安全,缺乏针对性别暴力和仇外心理的保护。不管这些女性遇到什么样的逆境,她们经常表现出坚韧和适应能力。本文基于对22名津巴布韦移民妇女的半结构化访谈,记录了这些移民妇女如何应对她们遇到的一些脆弱性和挑战。本文没有总是被不同的暴力结构所束缚,而是剖析了女性确保生存的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change Analysis in Rangit Basin of Sikkim Himalaya 锡金-喜马拉雅兰吉特盆地气候变化分析
Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1177/0972558X221147205
Aakash Upadhyay, S. C. Rai
Climate change (CC) is a topic of discussion not only among academicians but also among the general public. It is becoming more evident in increasing agricultural challenges, extreme events, and water scarcity. The changing climatic trends may threaten small farmers and traditional communities living in fragile ecosystems like the Himalayas. Although the scientific community is looking to understand the change better, at the same time, it is equally important to know how locals perceive the climate threat and adaptive capacity. This article intends to analyse and perceive CC in the Rangit Basin, Sikkim. A primary survey of 210 respondents was conducted across three altitudinal zones (low: up to 1,000 m, middle: 1,000–2,000 m, and high: above 2,000 m) to understand the local perception, associated agricultural challenges, and analysis of meteorological data. As primary tools, interviews, household surveys, and FGD were undertaken. The study concludes that these farmers perceive a change in climate, which varies across villages and altitudes. The temperature (0.0001) analysis shows an increasing trend, whereas precipitation also shows a slightly increasing trend (0.126), but a decline in the winter season. Local adaptive measures, indigenous knowledge, and practices could play a vital role in mitigating and adapting to change. Also, the policy interventions at various levels could help these farmers cope, mitigate, and adapt to climate vulnerabilities.
气候变化(CC)不仅是学术界讨论的话题,也是公众讨论的话题。这在日益增加的农业挑战、极端事件和水资源短缺中变得更加明显。不断变化的气候趋势可能会威胁到生活在喜马拉雅山等脆弱生态系统中的小农和传统社区。虽然科学界正在寻求更好地了解这种变化,但与此同时,了解当地人如何看待气候威胁和适应能力也同样重要。本文旨在分析和认识锡金兰吉特盆地的CC。对210名受访者进行了初步调查,跨越三个海拔带(低:1,000米以下,中:1,000 - 2,000米,高:2,000米以上),以了解当地的看法、相关的农业挑战和气象数据分析。作为主要工具,进行了访谈、住户调查和FGD。该研究的结论是,这些农民感知到了气候的变化,而这种变化因村庄和海拔而异。气温(0.0001)呈增加趋势,降水量也呈轻微增加趋势(0.126),但冬季有所下降。地方适应措施、本土知识和做法可以在减缓和适应变化方面发挥至关重要的作用。此外,各级政策干预可以帮助这些农民应对、减轻和适应气候脆弱性。
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引用次数: 1
Narratives of Women with Infertility Who Use Indigenous Practices to Conceive, North West Province, South Africa 南非西北省,不孕妇女使用土著实践受孕的叙述
Pub Date : 2022-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/0972558X221128174
B. G. Baakeleng, A. Pienaar, P. Sithole, S. Mashego
Infertility is a serious reproductive health challenge that has a far-reaching impact on women’s lives as they, inevitably, are the ones blamed for the failure to conceive. Despite availability of Western treatments to manage infertility, women frequently consult indigenous healthcare practitioners (IHCP) for healthcare, preferring these services to Western practice due to reasons such as accessibility and affordability. The study used a qualitative explorative, descriptive, and contextual design. Both purposive and snowballing technique were used to identify five women whom indigenous practitioners had assisted to conceive. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using the Tesch method of data analysis. IHCPs are known experts in managing infertility, experiences of women on indigenous management of infertility and continuous holistic management of infertility among women.
不孕症是一项严重的生殖健康挑战,对妇女的生活产生深远影响,因为她们不可避免地被指责为无法怀孕的人。尽管有西方治疗不孕症的方法,但妇女经常向土著医疗保健从业者(IHCP)咨询医疗保健,由于可及性和可负担性等原因,她们更喜欢这些服务而不是西方做法。本研究采用定性探索性、描述性和情境性设计。利用目的技术和滚雪球技术确定了土著从业人员协助怀孕的五名妇女。进行个体半结构化访谈,采用数据分析的Tesch方法对数据进行分析。IHCPs是管理不孕症、妇女在土著管理不孕症和持续全面管理妇女不孕症方面的经验方面的知名专家。
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引用次数: 0
Geographical Variations of Livelihood Capital and Associated Effects in Rarh Region of West Bengal, India 印度西孟加拉邦拉赫地区生计资本的地理差异及其相关效应
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972558X221128859
Sandip Satpati, K. Sharma, P. Ghosh
Although natural resources play a central role in rural livelihoods across the globe, little research has explored how different livelihood capital is distributed over a broad geographical and political region and its associated effects on the human population. This study aims to analyze the geographical variations of livelihood capital in the Rarh region of West Bengal and its associated effects on the overall population. Secondary data from 121 community development (CD) blocks have been used for the study. GIS methods have been used for mapping purposes and generating more micro-level data. The study found that the pattern shows a significant increase in livelihood capital from the western to the region’s eastern part. Higher proximate natural resources are associated with more significant financial, human, and social capital. Population residing in the eastern part of the region have, on average, more significant financial, physical, human, and social capital than the western part. The research highlighted the importance of providing credit to households located in the western portion of the region and access to improved crop varieties (particularly those linked to dry farming), rural governmental infrastructure, and time-bound targeted resource allocations. The research has relevance beyond the immediate context to other areas like the South-Asian developing countries.
尽管自然资源在全球农村生计中发挥着核心作用,但很少有研究探讨不同的生计资本如何在广泛的地理和政治区域内分布及其对人口的相关影响。本研究旨在分析西孟加拉邦拉尔地区生计资本的地理差异及其对总人口的相关影响。该研究使用了来自121个社区发展(CD)街区的二手数据。地理信息系统方法已用于制图目的和产生更多的微观层面的数据。研究发现,该模式表明,生计资本从西部向该地区东部显著增加。较高的邻近自然资源与更重要的财政、人力和社会资本相关。平均而言,居住在东部地区的人口比西部地区拥有更重要的金融、物质、人力和社会资本。该研究强调了向该地区西部地区的家庭提供信贷、获得改良作物品种(特别是与旱作有关的作物品种)、农村政府基础设施和有时限的定向资源分配的重要性。这项研究的相关性超出了直接背景,与南亚发展中国家等其他地区有关。
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引用次数: 0
The History of Student Movements in India: A Sociological Account 印度学生运动的历史:一个社会学的解释
Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/09754253221122759
A. Saurabh
This research work is an attempt to present a brief historical and sociological account of student movements in colonial and post-colonial India. This article deals with the aspect of Indian history and Indian sociology that has long been ignored, that is, student movements in India. Another reason to record this history is that students and student movements in India have either become the reason or have marked their presence on several occasions of social and political change in India. In this article, we have covered the major student movements of pre- and post-colonial India while discussing various events that either influenced or were catalysed by various student movements in different time periods. This research article also emphasizes and accounts the changes student movements have gone through over a period of time.
这项研究工作试图对殖民时期和后殖民时期印度的学生运动进行简要的历史和社会学描述。本文研究的是印度历史和印度社会学中长期被忽视的一个方面,即印度的学生运动。记录这段历史的另一个原因是,印度的学生和学生运动已经成为印度社会和政治变革的原因或标志。在本文中,我们介绍了殖民前和殖民后印度的主要学生运动,同时讨论了不同时期各种学生运动影响或催化的各种事件。这篇研究文章还强调和叙述了学生运动在一段时间内所经历的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Is Fieldwork Losing its Grace? Encountering Western and Indian Experience 田野调查正在失去它的魅力?接触西方和印度的经验
Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/0972558X221147834
Dipak K. Midya
Anthropology is primarily a field science, as a field provides the basic platform for critical scrutiny of ideas and theories of the discipline. Fieldwork is also an extremely indispensable tool to understand the culture of the “observed.” Magnificent outcomes of fieldwork in the hands of Malinowski, Mead, Evans-Pritchard, Barth, Firth, Bohannan, Levi-Strauss, Powdermaker, and others have been instrumental in the development of various discourses in anthropology and allied disciplines. Contributions of Indian anthropologists in field studies are also no less significant, as these reflect renewed interest in empiricism and the reflexive understanding of the culture of the “others.” But nowadays, fieldwork is getting less importance in western as well as in Indian academics. In this article, the author has tried to critically examine various issues in connection with the present days’ fieldwork enterprise, which is getting a diminishing importance.
人类学主要是一门领域科学,因为这个领域为该学科的思想和理论提供了批判性审查的基本平台。实地考察也是理解“被观察者”文化的一个极其不可或缺的工具。Malinowski、Mead、Evans-Pritchard、Barth、Firth、Bohannan、Levi-Strauss、Powdermaker等人的田野调查成果对人类学和相关学科的各种话语的发展起到了重要作用。印度人类学家在实地研究中的贡献也同样重要,因为这些研究反映了对经验主义的新兴趣和对“他者”文化的反思性理解。但是现在,无论是在西方还是在印度学术界,田野调查都变得越来越不重要了。在这篇文章中,作者试图批判性地审视与当今实地考察事业有关的各种问题,这些问题的重要性正在减弱。
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引用次数: 0
Short Axe Typology: A Morphometric Study with Special Reference to Garo Hills Lithics 短斧类型:以加罗山岩屑为例的形态计量学研究
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0976343020180203
Q. Marak, A. Ashraf
The Hoabinhian is an epi-Palaeolithic phenomenon datable to late Pleistocene and early Holocene from Southeast Asia. This tradition in the form of specific tools such as short axes, sumatraliths, edge ground tools etc. have been reported from some sites in Northeast India. One of the characteristic tool type in this kit is the short axe varietywhich however due to its variation (spatial and raw material) is possibly overlooked in many locations. This paper attempts to define the short axe, and present a morphometric discussion on the short axe tool type collected from Garo Hills, its variations, and other concomitant issues. From the evidences presented in this paper, it is clear that that the Garo Hills short axe is a discrete type in its own.
Hoabinhian是东南亚晚更新世和全新世早期的一种近石器时代现象。这种传统以特定工具的形式存在,如短轴、柱石、边缘地面工具等,在印度东北部的一些地点有报道。在这个工具包的特征工具类型之一是短斧品种,然而,由于其变化(空间和原材料)可能在许多地方被忽视。本文试图定义短斧,并对从加罗山收集的短斧工具类型、其变化以及其他相关问题进行形态计量学讨论。从本文提出的证据来看,很明显,加罗山短斧是一个独立的类型。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers' Perceptions of Peace Education in Nigeria: A Study of Ilorin-South Secondary Schools 尼日利亚教师对和平教育的看法:对伊洛林-南中学的研究
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0976343020180206
O. Akande
The study presents the result of a survey that was undertaken to investigate the disposition of teachers on peace education. Peace education themes were recently infused into the Nigerian secondary school curriculum to promote a culture of peace within and outside the school environment. In view of the paramount role of educators in the impartation of peace values, the study seeks to document the dispositions of teachers to this initiative. The overall goal is to make valuable contributions to the development of peace education in the Nigerian educational system. To provide further insights on the topic, a conceptual exploration of peace education and its interaction with the Nigerian educational system was undertaken. A quantitative approach was utilised to gather primary data through open and closed ended questionnaires which were distributed to a total of 43 teachers in Ilorin-South local government area, North-Central Nigeria. The responses show that teachers are well aware of the importance of peace education but lack the expertise and resources to effectively implement a programme of this nature. The study calls for the introduction of peace education workshops for educators, the nature of such interventions should be driven by qualitative inquiries into the disposition of teachers towards peace.
这项研究提出了一项调查的结果,该调查是为了调查教师对和平教育的态度而进行的。和平教育主题最近被纳入尼日利亚中学课程,以促进学校内外的和平文化。鉴于教育工作者在传授和平价值观方面的重要作用,这项研究试图记录教师对这一倡议的态度。总的目标是为尼日利亚教育系统和平教育的发展作出宝贵贡献。为了对这一专题提供进一步的见解,对和平教育及其与尼日利亚教育系统的相互作用进行了概念性探索。通过向尼日利亚中北部伊洛林-南地方政府地区共43名教师分发开放式和封闭式问卷,采用定量方法收集原始数据。这些答复表明,教师充分认识到和平教育的重要性,但缺乏有效执行这种性质的方案所需的专门知识和资源。这项研究要求为教育工作者举办和平教育讲习班,这种干预的性质应由对教师对和平的态度进行定性调查来决定。
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引用次数: 2
Towards Anthropology of Corporate Social Responsibility in India 印度企业社会责任人类学研究
Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0976343020180204
Rajanikant Pandey, Indranil Mukherjee
This paper examines the study of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) inside the discipline of Anthropology to understand its applied and practical scope for ethnographic researchers in India. The journey of business engagement with society is not new, but the surge ofCSR as system of exchange has forged unforeseen kinship between corporation and community. The paper reflects upon conceptual development of CSR as well as its contextualization in anthropology by taking theoretical cue from some recent works in different social settings globally, and supplementing it with two first hand ethnographic researches in Delhi. The paper emphasizes on a critical anthropological methodology for examining CSR phenomenon and is a call for further researches to enrich the domain of' Anthropology of CSR' in India.
本文考察了人类学学科中企业社会责任(CSR)的研究,以了解其对印度民族志研究人员的应用和实践范围。企业参与社会的历程并不新鲜,但企业社会责任作为一种交换体系的兴起,在企业与社区之间形成了不可预见的亲缘关系。本文以最近在全球不同社会背景下的一些研究为理论线索,并以德里的两项第一手民族志研究为补充,反思了企业社会责任的概念发展及其在人类学中的语境化。本文强调了检验企业社会责任现象的关键人类学方法,并呼吁进一步研究以丰富印度的“企业社会责任人类学”领域。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
The Oriental Anthropologist
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