The Oriental Anthropologist最新文献

{"title":"Indian Social Structure: Continuity and Dynamism","authors":"Sharad Kumar","doi":"10.1177/0976343020160109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020160109","url":null,"abstract":"Indian societt; and social structure are interrelated concept and social structure can be seen in terms of specificitt; and uniqueness in a sense that Indian social structure is guided In; the principles of holism, hierarchy, continuity and religiosih;. Social structure is system of social consciousness and Indian social structure is basically guided by high degree of spin.tualism and pluralism. Indian social structure consists of various parts and each part is specific, unique in terms of configuration of historical elements which constitute the particularity of structure at the local level and generality of the structure at the national level. It is highly differentiated and highly complexed and it has evolved from within. Basically, social structure consists of various sacred traditions, practices and system of combination and articulation. Caste is found at all India level, so is the case with religion. Religion unifies us and sacred practices, multiple traditions constitute the system of social integration.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122130868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Risks in Mining: The Case of Nepalese Migrant Workers in the Coal Mines of Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya","authors":"Rashmi Upadhyay, G. Ranjan","doi":"10.1177/0976343020160107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020160107","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of Nepalese began to migrate to the coal mining areas in the Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya during 1970s. Coal mines require man power in abundance, hence becoming coveted areas of making a fortune for the Nepalese across the border. In Jaintia Hills, mines are under private ownership. Landowners have adopted a crude form of excavation infamously called rat-hole mining. The unscientific mining and the lack of safeh; measures for the workers in these mines has severely impacted the health of the migrants. Many lose their lives due to accidents resulting from unscientific mining. Unhygienic working and living environs, predominantly infused with coal dust has resulted in a high prevalence of many diseases among the Nepalese migrant workers. This paper based on empirical research endeavors to understand Nepalese migration and the different types of occupational risks involved in rathole mines such as health risks and accidents, as well as the risks associated with living conditions in the make shifts camps.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114120413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameters in Classification of Potential Anthropologically Relevant Data in Films: A Study Based on Fiction Film Water by Deepa Mehta and Documentary Film India's Daughter by Leslee Udwin.","authors":"D. S. Bhandari, Deler Singh","doi":"10.1177/0976343020160103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020160103","url":null,"abstract":"Use of fiction films and documentaries in the classrooms for teaching concepts of anthropology is gaining popularity with teachers and students equally. It helps students understand and experience various concepts more closely and helps them relate with the issue shown on the screen. The choice of films and documentaries for the purpose however poses problems. A documentary seems to be a natural and easy choice over a fiction film for the purpose as a documentary is supposed to be treating the real events in an objective and matter of fact way. But at the same time, some fiction films also contain the information about the culture and system of a communi h) in such a way that it comes out to be an equally important choice for the students as well as teachers. The paper looks at fiction film Water by Deepa Mehta and documentan; film India's Daughter by Leslee Udwin in terms of their significance for anthropological importance and their eligibility as raw anthropological data for classroom teaching. It does so by highlighting the verifiable facts presented in the works and the objections and resistance these works faced in terms of the filmmakers' rendition of the reality. It tries to bring home the point that we cannot summarily dismiss a fiction/commercial film as being anthropologically irrelevant just because of the genre that it belongs to. At the same time it tries to point out the fact that at times, a documentary film may not be relevant anthropologically. The criteria for tagging of a film as anthropologically relevant should be the fair and objective treatment of the subject highlighted in the film.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121115516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Discrimination among the Tribes of Andhra Pradesh","authors":"B. V. Sharma, Pukkalla. Dalibandhu","doi":"10.1177/0976343020160115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020160115","url":null,"abstract":"Gender discrimination in India is observed to be extremely complex in view of India's social and economic diversity, the interplay of cultural and economic factors and the impact of policy initiatives. Of late some scholars pointed out that tribals are being assimilated into the national culture of discrimination and hence the gender discrimination is no more a nontribal characteristic. This paper deals with the gender discrimination in the case of two tribal communities in India.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116589297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ethnological and Historical Enigma- The Malanese People of Kulu Valley","authors":"Preeti Singh","doi":"10.1177/0976343020160114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020160114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the Malanese community, inhabitants of village Malana in the upper reaches of the Kulu valley in Himachal Pradesh, India. The Malanese is a highly endogamous and largely isolated ethnic group which has retained much of its exclusive identity, unique lifesttjle and esoteric rites and rituals. So distinct and inimitable is the culture of these people, that it is increasingly becoming a subject of great interest among anthropologists, historians and scholars who study social structures of lesser known societies. Believed by some to have Greek lineage, and known to speak a dialect which has no match with any other in the country, the aloof Malanese also practice an active form of democratic and participatory political system even today. The present inquinJ covers the unique linguistic, morphometric, socio-political, cultural and economic aspects of this community and also discusses the results of a genetic profiling of the Malanese population which points to its being a genetic isolate. Also examined in this paper are the outside influences that have slowly been percolating into this obscure village societtj, thereby threatening the unique Himalayan socio-cultural heritage and slowly driving it towards oblivion. If this invasion, escalating since the last five decades, is not stemmed in time it may destroy a prized culture and primordial values of this unique ethnic community. Tire deteriorating status of the Malanese cultural, socio-political and economic conditions has been analyzed in this paper, with special reference to it being unwittingly caught up in a narcotics trade nexus. Apart from analyzing the havoc wreaked upon this simple mountain community by drug cartels and an apathetic government, suggestions have been made in this paper on how the Malanese can be protected from exploitation and Malana can be developed as a eco-tourism site without disturbing the complexity of its ecosystem and cultural uniqueness.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125136395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to Children's Autonomy in a Brazilian State School","authors":"L. R. D. Castro","doi":"10.1177/0976343020140208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020140208","url":null,"abstract":"Children's autonomy has stood as a main goal in the process of educational transmission understood as an increasing capacihj on children's part to share the normative encodings of social life supported by the selfs rational choice. This notion of autonomy leads to a reified view of human capacities over and above cultural and contextual particularities that, in fact, determine how subjects seek to understand norms in face of the ever changing demands of social life. Based on a one year long empirical research, using a variety of ethnographic approaches, this paper problematizes such a notion of autonomy and analyses how youth of a state school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, voice their demands and dissatisfactions and question the status quo. The preservation of the social imaginan1 of distinctiveness and past achievements of the school was found to hinder feelings and opinions of disapproval by students and devalue unanticipated and novel situations felt to be disruptive and menacing. Tensions in the school social dynamics were fuelled in the direction of an arena over which the students could find no interference from teachers and could manage by themselves: that of peer relationships and friendships . BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT RESEARCH For long the issue of children's participation in schools has been investigated by my research group. Recently our research project conducted in private and state schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2006 and 2010, provided interesting results (Castro & al., 2012) .. They pointed at a predominant view of students' participation which coalesced with their position as submissive learners who should limit their actions within the scope of teachers' expectations. Students' participation at school was expelled out as dedication to the studies; obedience to norms and cooperation with the elders' requests. Although this was found to be the predominant students' view in line with teachers' expectations, it did not contribute to a peaceful and harmonious school environment. Along with group discussions with children our research team listened to their grievances, frustrations and complaints about being unfairly treated and having •Address for Communication: *Research Centre for the Study of Contemporary Childhood and Youth, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The Oriental Anthropologist, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2014, Pages 289-303 © OICSR., Allahabad Corresponding Author E-mail :lrcastro@infoltnk.com.br 290 Lucia Rabello de Castro to acquiesce to unreasonable demands. They questioned many of the rules they were constrained to obey as well as the crystallized position of the pupil before inattentive and condescending teachers. Thus, though cognitively and consciously, students' views of participation were conventional, they also expressed their unease and indignation as to how the relationships between teachers and students were structured. However, when they were confronted with the oppor","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125492661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Play and Child Development","authors":"Carolina Remorini, Micaela Rende","doi":"10.1177/0976343020140206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020140206","url":null,"abstract":"Fil: Remorini, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Etnografia Aplicada; Argentina","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116407306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Playing in Technological Contexts","authors":"Rocío Trinidad, Natalia Zlachevsky","doi":"10.1177/0976343020140209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020140209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyse the relation between playing and cultural consumption in technological contexts through the experience and know-how of boys and girls. We have taken as our analysis source the findings of the comparative investigation 'Use and enjm;ment of internet by children ages eight to ten in three schools in Argentina, Paraguay and Peru' headed by Save the Children Swedenregional office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Chicos.net (Argentina) and Global Infancia (Paraguay). In the present investigation we found that over and above the differences and particularities existing in each national context, countries have in common the use and enjoyment that boys and girls obtain out of surfing in the web, but this bears a mark in terms of class, gender, age and socioeconomic level. In this article we intend to analyse haw these variables intervene and combine themselves in the culturai consumption that boys and girls perform in different technological contexts, directing their wishes, fantasies and preferences. 1. Current Context: Globalisation and Consumption In current political-economic global context, fluidity and juxtapositions prevail. Economic globalisation coexists with political fragmentation shaping blocks where paradoxically national borders become blurred while the borders of the economic blocks condense themselves. Culture and imagination, which in 'post-electronic' context have a 'significantly new' role (Appadurai, 2001: 21), do not escape the logic of late capitalism, both are being transformed from consumer goods to change goods. We understand by culture a complex plot of practices, beliefs and meanings and recognise the fundamental role which the cultural industry fulfils in contemporary world. • Address for Communication: •Teacher, Department of Social Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica del Peru. The Oriental Anthropologist, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2014, Pages 305-319 © OICSR, Allahabad Corresponding Author E-mail : rtrinidad@pucp.edu.pe 306 Rocio Trinidad and Natalia Zlachevsky This industry, according to Renata Ortiz, produces symbolic repertoires and distributes them worldwide establishing hierarchical relations, exercising influence and subordinating some meanings over others (Soto Calder6n, 2007). Consequently, we consider that the success of the spread tjf capitalism, as a social system, is due to the fact that 'it finds anchorage points at a subjective level' (Papalini, 2008: 16). In thjs sense, surfing and the consumption of cultural products in the web for boys and girls constitute a formative experience in relation to plunging into the consumption world. As consumers, from increasingly younger ages, their subjectivity is built to the rate of the market. On such matter, we highlight Pierre Bourdieu 's contribution with regard to global hegemonic culture reproduction. The author emphasises that what is symbolic plays a fundamental role in the way goods are appropriated-from the educational, artistic, scienti","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125732269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Ethics in Ethnographic Research with Children","authors":"Baktygul Tulebaeva","doi":"10.1177/0976343020140204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020140204","url":null,"abstract":"Ethics and methodologtj in ethnographic research are shaped and reshaped ln; the development of streams in anthropological discipline. For example relatively recent streams on child agency and hearing children's voices in research have resulted in reconsideration of ethical guidelines. In this paper I aim to show that ethical dilemmas in research with children are caused by general problems in research ethics that are tramped within 'age' categories or \"adult-child\" categories. Ethical issues in research with children are overemphasized in theon;, which is engendering unnecessan; complexities in practice. I claim that ethical principles should be the same for both children and adults. I suggest that the way children are seen as vulnerable and incompetent in even; day social life should not affect the way a researcher ethically conducts his or her research. Researchers use different methodological approaches based on the maturity, the level of'understanding' of researched subjects, which should not necessarily be based on 'child-adult' juxtaposition. The first part of this paper argues against considering ethical research with/on children as separate from research with adults. In the second part, based on my own fieldwork experience, I deal with unavoidable ethical dilemmas in ethnographic fieldwork in general without dividing research according to age categories.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122327545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Old-fashioned Adolescence?","authors":"H. Tambs‐Lyche","doi":"10.1177/0976343020140207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976343020140207","url":null,"abstract":"In this article I criticize the idea that modern ill) entails individuation and breakdawn of the family. Indeed, the family as referred to here is in itself a modern phenomenon. I stress the continued importance of family and kinship ties in contemporary society, with particular reference to India, where bourgeois culture and family is still a strong presence. The main body of my material comes from a study of Brahmin businessmen in the small tawn ofUdupi, in South-west India. Here, young boys graw up with a venJ concrete notion of joining the family firm . These are joint families, and there is no sign that this pattern is weakening. I explore the dynamics of this family situation further through Maghani 's novel, 'Betrothal ',from a merchant milieu in Saurashtra. I conclude that this kind of 'old-fashioned adolescence ' is in no way a matter of the past.","PeriodicalId":186168,"journal":{"name":"The Oriental Anthropologist","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131860842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}