The numerical Simulation of natural convection within an incompressible Newtonian fluid confined between two isothermal and concentric spheres is carried out. The phenomenon considered is two-dimensional, axisymmetric and permanent, with an annular space ratio of A = 2, filled with air Pr = 0.7, at moderate Rayleigh number Ra between 103 and 106. Simultaneous resolution of the continuity equations, of Navier-Stokes and energy, is carried out by the combination of the implicit method of alternate directions (ADI) with the method of convergence acceleration by successive replacement (SAR), in the Vorticity - Stream function formulation. The isovalues of temperature T and the steam function Ψ obtained, as well as the Average Nusselt number, are in a good agreement with previous studies, and gives new Nusselt number correlation Nu = f(Ra).
{"title":"Numerical simulation of natural convection between two concentric isothermal spheres at moderate Rayleigh number","authors":"H. Baghli, A. Cheddadi","doi":"10.1063/1.5138560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138560","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical Simulation of natural convection within an incompressible Newtonian fluid confined between two isothermal and concentric spheres is carried out. The phenomenon considered is two-dimensional, axisymmetric and permanent, with an annular space ratio of A = 2, filled with air Pr = 0.7, at moderate Rayleigh number Ra between 103 and 106. Simultaneous resolution of the continuity equations, of Navier-Stokes and energy, is carried out by the combination of the implicit method of alternate directions (ADI) with the method of convergence acceleration by successive replacement (SAR), in the Vorticity - Stream function formulation. The isovalues of temperature T and the steam function Ψ obtained, as well as the Average Nusselt number, are in a good agreement with previous studies, and gives new Nusselt number correlation Nu = f(Ra).","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129970718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titanium and its alloys are getting great attention in both medical and dental fields because of; excellent biocompatibility; light weight; excellent balance of mechanical properties; excellent corrosion resistance. The goal of this work is to study how the Co addition to Ti influences on the corrosion behavior of dental alloys. The Preparation of samples was accomplished by using powder technology technique. In which the raw materials used was pure titanium powder and pure cobalt powder. Characterization of sample includes (X-ray diffraction patterns, microstructure observations (scanning electron and optical microscopic), porosity percentage and corrosion test. Sample without cobalt addition was refer to an alloy with single a phase, while After the additions of cobalt in different percentage (5%, 10%,15%) α-Ti and intermetallic compound Ti2Co was observed from XRD and microstructure observations, the amount of Ti2Co phase slightly increase with increasing cobalt content. The porosity percentage decreases with increase in cobalt percentage. The corrosion rate decreases with increase in Co percentage.
{"title":"Studying the effect of cobalt percentage on the corrosion rate of sintered titanium dental implants","authors":"Fatimah J. Al-Hasani","doi":"10.1063/1.5138497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138497","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium and its alloys are getting great attention in both medical and dental fields because of; excellent biocompatibility; light weight; excellent balance of mechanical properties; excellent corrosion resistance. The goal of this work is to study how the Co addition to Ti influences on the corrosion behavior of dental alloys. The Preparation of samples was accomplished by using powder technology technique. In which the raw materials used was pure titanium powder and pure cobalt powder. Characterization of sample includes (X-ray diffraction patterns, microstructure observations (scanning electron and optical microscopic), porosity percentage and corrosion test. Sample without cobalt addition was refer to an alloy with single a phase, while After the additions of cobalt in different percentage (5%, 10%,15%) α-Ti and intermetallic compound Ti2Co was observed from XRD and microstructure observations, the amount of Ti2Co phase slightly increase with increasing cobalt content. The porosity percentage decreases with increase in cobalt percentage. The corrosion rate decreases with increase in Co percentage.","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122378643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, as manufacturing costs for distributed power generation technologies fall, the economic equation is increasingly favouring Renewable Energy Sources (RES) technologies. The high electricity cost of small electricity systems, coupled with oil price volatility, desire for energy security, and the relatively higher vulnerability of them to the impacts of climate change, build a strong rationale for them to shift towards sustainable energy systems. There is a significant research into the topic of optimal renewable energy configurations for small electrical systems, which has predominantly focused on wind, Photovoltaics as generation technologies, coupled with batteries. In this paper, we will investigate how the optimum configuration and costs of RES and Microturbine (MT) on a Smart Microgrid (S-MG) change with increasing penetration of MT source. A well-established index in the energy field for quantifying and comparing the costs of electricity generation technologies is the Levelised Cost of Electricity (or Energy) (LCOE). In this paper, the LCOE index serves as a useful basis for our study in proposed S-MG.Nowadays, as manufacturing costs for distributed power generation technologies fall, the economic equation is increasingly favouring Renewable Energy Sources (RES) technologies. The high electricity cost of small electricity systems, coupled with oil price volatility, desire for energy security, and the relatively higher vulnerability of them to the impacts of climate change, build a strong rationale for them to shift towards sustainable energy systems. There is a significant research into the topic of optimal renewable energy configurations for small electrical systems, which has predominantly focused on wind, Photovoltaics as generation technologies, coupled with batteries. In this paper, we will investigate how the optimum configuration and costs of RES and Microturbine (MT) on a Smart Microgrid (S-MG) change with increasing penetration of MT source. A well-established index in the energy field for quantifying and comparing the costs of electricity generation technologies is the Levelised Cost of Elect...
{"title":"Optimal levelised cost of system values with increasing renewable energy sources in a smart microgrid","authors":"A. Anastasiadis, Ioannis Oikonomou, G. Vokas","doi":"10.1063/1.5138546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138546","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, as manufacturing costs for distributed power generation technologies fall, the economic equation is increasingly favouring Renewable Energy Sources (RES) technologies. The high electricity cost of small electricity systems, coupled with oil price volatility, desire for energy security, and the relatively higher vulnerability of them to the impacts of climate change, build a strong rationale for them to shift towards sustainable energy systems. There is a significant research into the topic of optimal renewable energy configurations for small electrical systems, which has predominantly focused on wind, Photovoltaics as generation technologies, coupled with batteries. In this paper, we will investigate how the optimum configuration and costs of RES and Microturbine (MT) on a Smart Microgrid (S-MG) change with increasing penetration of MT source. A well-established index in the energy field for quantifying and comparing the costs of electricity generation technologies is the Levelised Cost of Electricity (or Energy) (LCOE). In this paper, the LCOE index serves as a useful basis for our study in proposed S-MG.Nowadays, as manufacturing costs for distributed power generation technologies fall, the economic equation is increasingly favouring Renewable Energy Sources (RES) technologies. The high electricity cost of small electricity systems, coupled with oil price volatility, desire for energy security, and the relatively higher vulnerability of them to the impacts of climate change, build a strong rationale for them to shift towards sustainable energy systems. There is a significant research into the topic of optimal renewable energy configurations for small electrical systems, which has predominantly focused on wind, Photovoltaics as generation technologies, coupled with batteries. In this paper, we will investigate how the optimum configuration and costs of RES and Microturbine (MT) on a Smart Microgrid (S-MG) change with increasing penetration of MT source. A well-established index in the energy field for quantifying and comparing the costs of electricity generation technologies is the Levelised Cost of Elect...","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126543539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amel Aouati, Aicha-Hadia Roubhi, Ibtissem Boudjahem, S. Berchi
The present study aims to assess larvicidal activity of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum leaf (Lamiaceae) against larvae of the most abundant mosquito species, Culex pipiens L., 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae). The essential oil of Ocimum basilicum was tested on larvae of the 4th instar Culex pipiens at different concentrations. The results obtained indicated a sensitivity of Culex pipiens larvae for the plant species. This sensitivity is even greater when the exposure of larvae to insecticides is prolonged. the highest mortality rate was checked in for the dose of 2mg/l, indeed after 24 hours of contact with the insecticide the maximum of mortality (56%) is recorded for the dose of 2mg/l against 13% of mortality for 1mg/l. After 48 hours of exposure at 2mg/l of concentration, the mortality was 72%. The highest mortality (91%) was observed after 72 hours of exposure at a dose of 2 mg/l.Thus, these results can provide an opportunity to develop alternatives of chemicals, because, which they are generally safe for the environment, as well as for the other living organisms.The present study aims to assess larvicidal activity of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum leaf (Lamiaceae) against larvae of the most abundant mosquito species, Culex pipiens L., 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae). The essential oil of Ocimum basilicum was tested on larvae of the 4th instar Culex pipiens at different concentrations. The results obtained indicated a sensitivity of Culex pipiens larvae for the plant species. This sensitivity is even greater when the exposure of larvae to insecticides is prolonged. the highest mortality rate was checked in for the dose of 2mg/l, indeed after 24 hours of contact with the insecticide the maximum of mortality (56%) is recorded for the dose of 2mg/l against 13% of mortality for 1mg/l. After 48 hours of exposure at 2mg/l of concentration, the mortality was 72%. The highest mortality (91%) was observed after 72 hours of exposure at a dose of 2 mg/l.Thus, these results can provide an opportunity to develop alternatives of chemicals, because, which they are generally safe fo...
{"title":"Study of toxicological activity of the essential oil of Ocimum basilicum L. against Culicidea larvae in Algeria","authors":"Amel Aouati, Aicha-Hadia Roubhi, Ibtissem Boudjahem, S. Berchi","doi":"10.1063/1.5138559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138559","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to assess larvicidal activity of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum leaf (Lamiaceae) against larvae of the most abundant mosquito species, Culex pipiens L., 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae). The essential oil of Ocimum basilicum was tested on larvae of the 4th instar Culex pipiens at different concentrations. The results obtained indicated a sensitivity of Culex pipiens larvae for the plant species. This sensitivity is even greater when the exposure of larvae to insecticides is prolonged. the highest mortality rate was checked in for the dose of 2mg/l, indeed after 24 hours of contact with the insecticide the maximum of mortality (56%) is recorded for the dose of 2mg/l against 13% of mortality for 1mg/l. After 48 hours of exposure at 2mg/l of concentration, the mortality was 72%. The highest mortality (91%) was observed after 72 hours of exposure at a dose of 2 mg/l.Thus, these results can provide an opportunity to develop alternatives of chemicals, because, which they are generally safe for the environment, as well as for the other living organisms.The present study aims to assess larvicidal activity of essential oil of Ocimum basilicum leaf (Lamiaceae) against larvae of the most abundant mosquito species, Culex pipiens L., 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae). The essential oil of Ocimum basilicum was tested on larvae of the 4th instar Culex pipiens at different concentrations. The results obtained indicated a sensitivity of Culex pipiens larvae for the plant species. This sensitivity is even greater when the exposure of larvae to insecticides is prolonged. the highest mortality rate was checked in for the dose of 2mg/l, indeed after 24 hours of contact with the insecticide the maximum of mortality (56%) is recorded for the dose of 2mg/l against 13% of mortality for 1mg/l. After 48 hours of exposure at 2mg/l of concentration, the mortality was 72%. The highest mortality (91%) was observed after 72 hours of exposure at a dose of 2 mg/l.Thus, these results can provide an opportunity to develop alternatives of chemicals, because, which they are generally safe fo...","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115847557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
8mol% YSZ is one of the most common electrolytes for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its high stability at high operating temperatures with good electrical properties. In this work, 8mol%YSZ (8YSZ) were prepared via powder technology and doped with a trivalent dopant of Al+3 and quadrant Pb+4 dopant by a less than l mol% to produce two types of electrolytes: γAl2O3-8YSZ and Pb3O4−8YSZ. The majority of this work is to evaluate the ionic conductivity and study the influence of each dopant Al2O3 and Pb3O4 doped 8YSZ sintered electrolyte via electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different temperatures from 700°C to 800°C. In addition, the morphology of sintered doped electrolytes was studied with Field Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The chemical characterization analysis with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The phases of the sintered electrolytes examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resultant ionic conductivity at 800°C for γAl2O3−8YSZ electrolyte was 0.412S.cm and for Pb3O4−8YSZ electrolyte was 0.738S.cm with lower activation energy of 0.575 eV and grain size of 7460nm compared with 0.727 eV for γAl2O3−8YSZ electrolyte and grain size of 8449nm. Accordingly, the Pb3O4−8YSZ is a better candidate to use as an electrolyte at high temperatures.8mol% YSZ is one of the most common electrolytes for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its high stability at high operating temperatures with good electrical properties. In this work, 8mol%YSZ (8YSZ) were prepared via powder technology and doped with a trivalent dopant of Al+3 and quadrant Pb+4 dopant by a less than l mol% to produce two types of electrolytes: γAl2O3-8YSZ and Pb3O4−8YSZ. The majority of this work is to evaluate the ionic conductivity and study the influence of each dopant Al2O3 and Pb3O4 doped 8YSZ sintered electrolyte via electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different temperatures from 700°C to 800°C. In addition, the morphology of sintered doped electrolytes was studied with Field Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The chemical characterization analysis with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The phases of the sintered electrolytes examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resultant ionic conductivity at 800°C for γAl2O3−8YSZ electrolyte was 0.412S.cm...
{"title":"Ionic conductivity of gamma-Al2O3 and Pb3O4 dopants in 8mol%YSZ as electrolyte in SOFC","authors":"Abeer F. Al-Attar, S. Farid, F. A. Hashim","doi":"10.1063/1.5138550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138550","url":null,"abstract":"8mol% YSZ is one of the most common electrolytes for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its high stability at high operating temperatures with good electrical properties. In this work, 8mol%YSZ (8YSZ) were prepared via powder technology and doped with a trivalent dopant of Al+3 and quadrant Pb+4 dopant by a less than l mol% to produce two types of electrolytes: γAl2O3-8YSZ and Pb3O4−8YSZ. The majority of this work is to evaluate the ionic conductivity and study the influence of each dopant Al2O3 and Pb3O4 doped 8YSZ sintered electrolyte via electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different temperatures from 700°C to 800°C. In addition, the morphology of sintered doped electrolytes was studied with Field Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The chemical characterization analysis with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The phases of the sintered electrolytes examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resultant ionic conductivity at 800°C for γAl2O3−8YSZ electrolyte was 0.412S.cm and for Pb3O4−8YSZ electrolyte was 0.738S.cm with lower activation energy of 0.575 eV and grain size of 7460nm compared with 0.727 eV for γAl2O3−8YSZ electrolyte and grain size of 8449nm. Accordingly, the Pb3O4−8YSZ is a better candidate to use as an electrolyte at high temperatures.8mol% YSZ is one of the most common electrolytes for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) due to its high stability at high operating temperatures with good electrical properties. In this work, 8mol%YSZ (8YSZ) were prepared via powder technology and doped with a trivalent dopant of Al+3 and quadrant Pb+4 dopant by a less than l mol% to produce two types of electrolytes: γAl2O3-8YSZ and Pb3O4−8YSZ. The majority of this work is to evaluate the ionic conductivity and study the influence of each dopant Al2O3 and Pb3O4 doped 8YSZ sintered electrolyte via electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different temperatures from 700°C to 800°C. In addition, the morphology of sintered doped electrolytes was studied with Field Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The chemical characterization analysis with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The phases of the sintered electrolytes examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resultant ionic conductivity at 800°C for γAl2O3−8YSZ electrolyte was 0.412S.cm...","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115971305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the mechanical and rheological properties of the filled epoxy matrix by different Illite content (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were studied. The preparation of samples of different hybrid matrices (epoxy / Illite) was performed. Crosslinking of the samples was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C for 15min. The characterization of realized samples was conducted through tensile and Torsional tests. Experimental results show that the young's modulus and tensile strength of the epoxy increase by increasing progressively the clay content up to a content of clay 15%. This increase is due to the good dispersion of Illite particles along the polymeric epoxy chains. Beyond this content of 15% clay, the mechanical properties decrease owing to the formation of agglomerates that break the homogeneity and polymeric chains of epoxy.In this work, the mechanical and rheological properties of the filled epoxy matrix by different Illite content (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were studied. The preparation of samples of different hybrid matrices (epoxy / Illite) was performed. Crosslinking of the samples was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C for 15min. The characterization of realized samples was conducted through tensile and Torsional tests. Experimental results show that the young's modulus and tensile strength of the epoxy increase by increasing progressively the clay content up to a content of clay 15%. This increase is due to the good dispersion of Illite particles along the polymeric epoxy chains. Beyond this content of 15% clay, the mechanical properties decrease owing to the formation of agglomerates that break the homogeneity and polymeric chains of epoxy.
{"title":"The effect of Illite clay on epoxy matrix: Mechanical and rheological properties","authors":"H. Abdellaoui","doi":"10.1063/1.5138522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138522","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the mechanical and rheological properties of the filled epoxy matrix by different Illite content (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were studied. The preparation of samples of different hybrid matrices (epoxy / Illite) was performed. Crosslinking of the samples was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C for 15min. The characterization of realized samples was conducted through tensile and Torsional tests. Experimental results show that the young's modulus and tensile strength of the epoxy increase by increasing progressively the clay content up to a content of clay 15%. This increase is due to the good dispersion of Illite particles along the polymeric epoxy chains. Beyond this content of 15% clay, the mechanical properties decrease owing to the formation of agglomerates that break the homogeneity and polymeric chains of epoxy.In this work, the mechanical and rheological properties of the filled epoxy matrix by different Illite content (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were studied. The preparation of samples of different hybrid matrices (epoxy / Illite) was performed. Crosslinking of the samples was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C for 15min. The characterization of realized samples was conducted through tensile and Torsional tests. Experimental results show that the young's modulus and tensile strength of the epoxy increase by increasing progressively the clay content up to a content of clay 15%. This increase is due to the good dispersion of Illite particles along the polymeric epoxy chains. Beyond this content of 15% clay, the mechanical properties decrease owing to the formation of agglomerates that break the homogeneity and polymeric chains of epoxy.","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131263980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Oyedepo, J. Dirisu, O. Fayomi, E. E. Essien, U. K. Efemwenkiekie
Systematic audit of energy consumption is pivotal to energy utilization and energy conservation. This will enable management to make informed plan, decision and policy based on statistical energy report. This article presents an energy roadmap for a global private university that will help achieve equitable energy usage and prevent energy misuse. Refrigeration and air conditioning consumed energy the most among guest house, cafeteria 1 and cafeteria 2. Guest house which has the cooling equipment mostly installed showed to be the most energy consuming structure. The daily consumption of air conditioners in the whole building is 3.5968 MWh. In a drive towards a sustainable future, new structure should be designed such that there is insignificant electrical energy demand and existing structures forms and facades should be retrofitted to reduce energy consumption. The audit has demonstrated that more energy can be saved for better use if natural or passive means are enhanced, energy saving methods are inculcated, and behavioural patterns influenced towards energy savings. In a movement towards an able to last future, updating existing equipment of old buildings will conserve already valuable supplies producing more and using up the natural assets rather than producing more and using up the natural assets.Systematic audit of energy consumption is pivotal to energy utilization and energy conservation. This will enable management to make informed plan, decision and policy based on statistical energy report. This article presents an energy roadmap for a global private university that will help achieve equitable energy usage and prevent energy misuse. Refrigeration and air conditioning consumed energy the most among guest house, cafeteria 1 and cafeteria 2. Guest house which has the cooling equipment mostly installed showed to be the most energy consuming structure. The daily consumption of air conditioners in the whole building is 3.5968 MWh. In a drive towards a sustainable future, new structure should be designed such that there is insignificant electrical energy demand and existing structures forms and facades should be retrofitted to reduce energy consumption. The audit has demonstrated that more energy can be saved for better use if natural or passive means are enhanced, energy saving methods are inculca...
{"title":"Energy evaluation and conservation strategies for a Nigerian private college facilities: Case analysis of energy audit of Covenant University","authors":"S. Oyedepo, J. Dirisu, O. Fayomi, E. E. Essien, U. K. Efemwenkiekie","doi":"10.1063/1.5138566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138566","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic audit of energy consumption is pivotal to energy utilization and energy conservation. This will enable management to make informed plan, decision and policy based on statistical energy report. This article presents an energy roadmap for a global private university that will help achieve equitable energy usage and prevent energy misuse. Refrigeration and air conditioning consumed energy the most among guest house, cafeteria 1 and cafeteria 2. Guest house which has the cooling equipment mostly installed showed to be the most energy consuming structure. The daily consumption of air conditioners in the whole building is 3.5968 MWh. In a drive towards a sustainable future, new structure should be designed such that there is insignificant electrical energy demand and existing structures forms and facades should be retrofitted to reduce energy consumption. The audit has demonstrated that more energy can be saved for better use if natural or passive means are enhanced, energy saving methods are inculcated, and behavioural patterns influenced towards energy savings. In a movement towards an able to last future, updating existing equipment of old buildings will conserve already valuable supplies producing more and using up the natural assets rather than producing more and using up the natural assets.Systematic audit of energy consumption is pivotal to energy utilization and energy conservation. This will enable management to make informed plan, decision and policy based on statistical energy report. This article presents an energy roadmap for a global private university that will help achieve equitable energy usage and prevent energy misuse. Refrigeration and air conditioning consumed energy the most among guest house, cafeteria 1 and cafeteria 2. Guest house which has the cooling equipment mostly installed showed to be the most energy consuming structure. The daily consumption of air conditioners in the whole building is 3.5968 MWh. In a drive towards a sustainable future, new structure should be designed such that there is insignificant electrical energy demand and existing structures forms and facades should be retrofitted to reduce energy consumption. The audit has demonstrated that more energy can be saved for better use if natural or passive means are enhanced, energy saving methods are inculca...","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131483445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most frequently asked questions in photovoltaics is about efficiencies. Wurtzite Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films have properties that are suitable for solar cell fabrication especially in tandem solar cells. According to the start point of nanostructure using in solar cells like tandem, we have gone to use the wurtzoid instead of wurtzite structure for CdS as a window in tandem solar cell. Simulation of nanostructure parameters of CdS in wurtzoid structure have been performed with Gaussian 09 program with its view. For simulation study; optimization of structure, total energy, energy gap, potential of ionization, electron affinity, work function, electronegativity, chemical potential (Fermi energy), electrophilicity, chemical hardness, softness, and amount of charge transport have been investigated. For experimental work CdS in wurtzoid structure as a window was produced by pulse laser deposition (PLO) onto perovskites thin films which are prepared by solution processing drop casting in tandem solar cell. The analysis provides: the fill factor and the power conversion efficiency. The energy gap of the CdS wurtzoid molecule is 3.190eV. The efficiency of tandem perovskite solar cell with CdS wurtzoid window was reached 22.3 %.One of the most frequently asked questions in photovoltaics is about efficiencies. Wurtzite Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films have properties that are suitable for solar cell fabrication especially in tandem solar cells. According to the start point of nanostructure using in solar cells like tandem, we have gone to use the wurtzoid instead of wurtzite structure for CdS as a window in tandem solar cell. Simulation of nanostructure parameters of CdS in wurtzoid structure have been performed with Gaussian 09 program with its view. For simulation study; optimization of structure, total energy, energy gap, potential of ionization, electron affinity, work function, electronegativity, chemical potential (Fermi energy), electrophilicity, chemical hardness, softness, and amount of charge transport have been investigated. For experimental work CdS in wurtzoid structure as a window was produced by pulse laser deposition (PLO) onto perovskites thin films which are prepared by solution processing drop casting in tandem...
{"title":"Structural and electronic characteristics of CdS – wurtzoid for tandem solar cells window: Experimental and simulation","authors":"Ali M. Ali, M. A. Abdulsattar, B. B. Kadhim","doi":"10.1063/1.5138509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138509","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most frequently asked questions in photovoltaics is about efficiencies. Wurtzite Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films have properties that are suitable for solar cell fabrication especially in tandem solar cells. According to the start point of nanostructure using in solar cells like tandem, we have gone to use the wurtzoid instead of wurtzite structure for CdS as a window in tandem solar cell. Simulation of nanostructure parameters of CdS in wurtzoid structure have been performed with Gaussian 09 program with its view. For simulation study; optimization of structure, total energy, energy gap, potential of ionization, electron affinity, work function, electronegativity, chemical potential (Fermi energy), electrophilicity, chemical hardness, softness, and amount of charge transport have been investigated. For experimental work CdS in wurtzoid structure as a window was produced by pulse laser deposition (PLO) onto perovskites thin films which are prepared by solution processing drop casting in tandem solar cell. The analysis provides: the fill factor and the power conversion efficiency. The energy gap of the CdS wurtzoid molecule is 3.190eV. The efficiency of tandem perovskite solar cell with CdS wurtzoid window was reached 22.3 %.One of the most frequently asked questions in photovoltaics is about efficiencies. Wurtzite Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films have properties that are suitable for solar cell fabrication especially in tandem solar cells. According to the start point of nanostructure using in solar cells like tandem, we have gone to use the wurtzoid instead of wurtzite structure for CdS as a window in tandem solar cell. Simulation of nanostructure parameters of CdS in wurtzoid structure have been performed with Gaussian 09 program with its view. For simulation study; optimization of structure, total energy, energy gap, potential of ionization, electron affinity, work function, electronegativity, chemical potential (Fermi energy), electrophilicity, chemical hardness, softness, and amount of charge transport have been investigated. For experimental work CdS in wurtzoid structure as a window was produced by pulse laser deposition (PLO) onto perovskites thin films which are prepared by solution processing drop casting in tandem...","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134152179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Fajardo, R.F. Ávila, Alejandra López, M. Castañeda, S. Zapata, A. Aristizabal
Over the years, the insertion of generation through renewable sources has become stronger around the world. That is why, the interest for the installation of massive and small-scale devices of these types of technologies has been intensified, which generates the necessity of quickly implementing public policies that allow the integration of these technologies and allow to establish clear rules in between the parts involved. Because of this, this article makes a revision of the progress that different countries have made around the world when it comes to the formulation of public policies that allow the interconnection of Distributed Generation (DG) into their power systems. It also makes a general revision of a Colombian case in this aspect. Additionally, a compilation of the most important regulations for each one of the countries studied in DG and Smart Grids (SG) is made. In general, it is important to highlight the progress made by different countries at an international level when it comes to the expedition of clear regulations in a timely manner for DG aspects. Among the aspects to highlight the benefits given to the renewable DG technology, maintenance of the grids and providing service under quality and trustworthy standards are included.Over the years, the insertion of generation through renewable sources has become stronger around the world. That is why, the interest for the installation of massive and small-scale devices of these types of technologies has been intensified, which generates the necessity of quickly implementing public policies that allow the integration of these technologies and allow to establish clear rules in between the parts involved. Because of this, this article makes a revision of the progress that different countries have made around the world when it comes to the formulation of public policies that allow the interconnection of Distributed Generation (DG) into their power systems. It also makes a general revision of a Colombian case in this aspect. Additionally, a compilation of the most important regulations for each one of the countries studied in DG and Smart Grids (SG) is made. In general, it is important to highlight the progress made by different countries at an international level when it comes to the exp...
{"title":"Regulation on distributed generation: An international review and the current status in Colombia","authors":"P. Fajardo, R.F. Ávila, Alejandra López, M. Castañeda, S. Zapata, A. Aristizabal","doi":"10.1063/1.5138498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138498","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, the insertion of generation through renewable sources has become stronger around the world. That is why, the interest for the installation of massive and small-scale devices of these types of technologies has been intensified, which generates the necessity of quickly implementing public policies that allow the integration of these technologies and allow to establish clear rules in between the parts involved. Because of this, this article makes a revision of the progress that different countries have made around the world when it comes to the formulation of public policies that allow the interconnection of Distributed Generation (DG) into their power systems. It also makes a general revision of a Colombian case in this aspect. Additionally, a compilation of the most important regulations for each one of the countries studied in DG and Smart Grids (SG) is made. In general, it is important to highlight the progress made by different countries at an international level when it comes to the expedition of clear regulations in a timely manner for DG aspects. Among the aspects to highlight the benefits given to the renewable DG technology, maintenance of the grids and providing service under quality and trustworthy standards are included.Over the years, the insertion of generation through renewable sources has become stronger around the world. That is why, the interest for the installation of massive and small-scale devices of these types of technologies has been intensified, which generates the necessity of quickly implementing public policies that allow the integration of these technologies and allow to establish clear rules in between the parts involved. Because of this, this article makes a revision of the progress that different countries have made around the world when it comes to the formulation of public policies that allow the interconnection of Distributed Generation (DG) into their power systems. It also makes a general revision of a Colombian case in this aspect. Additionally, a compilation of the most important regulations for each one of the countries studied in DG and Smart Grids (SG) is made. In general, it is important to highlight the progress made by different countries at an international level when it comes to the exp...","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122966249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CdO films were deposited on substrates from glass, Silicon and Porous silicon by thermal chemical spray pyrolysis technique with different thicknesses (130 and 438.46) nm. Measurements of X-ray diffraction of CdO thin film proved that the structure of the Polycrystalline is cubic lattice, and its crystallite size is located within nano scale range where the perfect orientation is (200). The results show that the surface’s roughness and the root mean square increased with increasing the thickness of prepared films. The UV-Visible measurements show that the CdO films with different thicknesses possess an allowed direct transition with band gap (4) eV. AFM measurement revealed that the silicon porosity located in nano range. Cadmium oxide films have been used in many applications especially in the photo sensors, the results showed high response for sensitivity in (277) nm within ultraviolet region, So that, the sensitivity reached to (1156) % when the films have the thickness (130) nm by using the porous silicon substrate.CdO films were deposited on substrates from glass, Silicon and Porous silicon by thermal chemical spray pyrolysis technique with different thicknesses (130 and 438.46) nm. Measurements of X-ray diffraction of CdO thin film proved that the structure of the Polycrystalline is cubic lattice, and its crystallite size is located within nano scale range where the perfect orientation is (200). The results show that the surface’s roughness and the root mean square increased with increasing the thickness of prepared films. The UV-Visible measurements show that the CdO films with different thicknesses possess an allowed direct transition with band gap (4) eV. AFM measurement revealed that the silicon porosity located in nano range. Cadmium oxide films have been used in many applications especially in the photo sensors, the results showed high response for sensitivity in (277) nm within ultraviolet region, So that, the sensitivity reached to (1156) % when the films have the thickness (130) nm by using the porous sil...
{"title":"Effect of thickness variation CdO/PSi thin films on detection of radiation","authors":"S. A. Abdulridha, I. Ali, A. Shihab","doi":"10.1063/1.5138508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5138508","url":null,"abstract":"CdO films were deposited on substrates from glass, Silicon and Porous silicon by thermal chemical spray pyrolysis technique with different thicknesses (130 and 438.46) nm. Measurements of X-ray diffraction of CdO thin film proved that the structure of the Polycrystalline is cubic lattice, and its crystallite size is located within nano scale range where the perfect orientation is (200). The results show that the surface’s roughness and the root mean square increased with increasing the thickness of prepared films. The UV-Visible measurements show that the CdO films with different thicknesses possess an allowed direct transition with band gap (4) eV. AFM measurement revealed that the silicon porosity located in nano range. Cadmium oxide films have been used in many applications especially in the photo sensors, the results showed high response for sensitivity in (277) nm within ultraviolet region, So that, the sensitivity reached to (1156) % when the films have the thickness (130) nm by using the porous silicon substrate.CdO films were deposited on substrates from glass, Silicon and Porous silicon by thermal chemical spray pyrolysis technique with different thicknesses (130 and 438.46) nm. Measurements of X-ray diffraction of CdO thin film proved that the structure of the Polycrystalline is cubic lattice, and its crystallite size is located within nano scale range where the perfect orientation is (200). The results show that the surface’s roughness and the root mean square increased with increasing the thickness of prepared films. The UV-Visible measurements show that the CdO films with different thicknesses possess an allowed direct transition with band gap (4) eV. AFM measurement revealed that the silicon porosity located in nano range. Cadmium oxide films have been used in many applications especially in the photo sensors, the results showed high response for sensitivity in (277) nm within ultraviolet region, So that, the sensitivity reached to (1156) % when the films have the thickness (130) nm by using the porous sil...","PeriodicalId":186251,"journal":{"name":"TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125179803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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