Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.06.095
M.E. Ahmed, A. Al-Awadi, A.F. Abbas
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant threats to public health worldwide. As opposed to using traditional antibiotics, which are effective against diseases that are multidrug-resistant, it is vital to concentrate on the most innovative antibacterial compounds. These innate bacterial arsenals under the term «bacteriocins» refer to low-molecularweight, heat-stable, membrane-active, proteolytically degradable, and pore-forming cationic peptides. Due to their ability to attack bacteria, viruses, fungi, and biofilm, bacteriocins appear to be the most promising, currently accessible alternative for addressing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem and minimizing the negative effects of antibiotics on the host’s microbiome. Nano-compounds have shown promise in a variety of applications, including antibacterial agents, drug delivery systems, food and drug packaging elements, functional food formulations, and many more. However, there are certain disadvantages in the chemical production of nanoparticles (NPs), such as toxicity and other negative impacts. Due to the dual action of biological sources combined with metallic NPs, the use of conjugated or green-synthesized nanoparticles has become more widespread during the past ten years. Recently, bacteriocin nanoparticles have emerged as a viable remedy and the most effective antibacterial agent in vitro to overcome some of these limitations.
{"title":"Focus on Synergistic Bacteriocin-Nanoparticles Enhancing Antimicrobial Activity Assay","authors":"M.E. Ahmed, A. Al-Awadi, A.F. Abbas","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.06.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.06.095","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant threats to public health worldwide. As opposed to using traditional antibiotics, which are effective against diseases that are multidrug-resistant, it is vital to concentrate on the most innovative antibacterial compounds. These innate bacterial arsenals under the term «bacteriocins» refer to low-molecularweight, heat-stable, membrane-active, proteolytically degradable, and pore-forming cationic peptides. Due to their ability to attack bacteria, viruses, fungi, and biofilm, bacteriocins appear to be the most promising, currently accessible alternative for addressing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem and minimizing the negative effects of antibiotics on the host’s microbiome. Nano-compounds have shown promise in a variety of applications, including antibacterial agents, drug delivery systems, food and drug packaging elements, functional food formulations, and many more. However, there are certain disadvantages in the chemical production of nanoparticles (NPs), such as toxicity and other negative impacts. Due to the dual action of biological sources combined with metallic NPs, the use of conjugated or green-synthesized nanoparticles has become more widespread during the past ten years. Recently, bacteriocin nanoparticles have emerged as a viable remedy and the most effective antibacterial agent in vitro to overcome some of these limitations.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.06.003
O. S. Brovarska, L. Varbanets, G. Gladka, O. B. Tashyrev
In 2002, Wolf described a new species of Stenotrophomonas, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, which is a non-pathogenic plant inhabitant. The defining characteristics of the new species, in contrast to S. maltophilia, were the following: growth at 4 °C, but its absence at 37 °C; the use of xylose as a carbon source; low osmolytic tolerance. S. rhizophila is isolated exclusively from the rhizosphere or from the internal tissues of plants, in particular from the vascular tissues of the root and stem. In 2014, a number of authors, studying cultivated heterotrophic bacteria and yeasts, which dominate in plant samples collected from various terrestrial biotopes near the Ukrainian Antarctic station on Galindez Island in Marine Antarctica, isolated a number of bacterial isolates. The authors’ phylogenetic analysis using only BLAST analysis made it possible to determine the approximate phylogenetic affiliation of the bacterial isolate to the family Gammaproteobacteria (genus Stenotrophomonas, species S. rhizophila). It is known that many processes that determine the biological features of microorganisms, the nature of their relationships between them, as well as micro- and macroorganisms in biocenoses, are carried out with the participation of the surface structures of the bacterial cell, which are in direct contact with the environment. Among them, of particular interest are lipopolysaccharides (LPS), components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. However, to date, we have not found any works devoted to the study of S. rhizophila lipopolysaccharides in the literature available to us. The aim of the work was to clarify the phylogenetic position of the 6p5m bacterial strain isolated from the Antarctic region by constructing dendrograms, to study some of its phenotypic properties, to isolate lipopolysaccharides and study chemical and component composition, serological, and biological properties. Methods. Identification was carried out via ribosomal phylogeny. A fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of bacterial strain 6p5m was amplified by PCR using primers 8F and 1492R. The phylogenetic position of the strains was determined by construction of dendrograms, which show the position of the investigated strains among closely related and typical species and type species (programs ClustalX 2.1, Mega v. 6.00). LPS was obtained from cells by water-phenol extraction, electrophoresis was carried out in polyacrylamide gel, monosaccharide and fatty acid composition was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry, antigenic activity was studied by immunodiffusion in agar. Results. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a high level of homology (99.8%) of the bacterial strain 6p5m with typical strain S. rhizophila DSM 14405T from the GenBank database, which allows us to classify it. Comparing phylogenetic analysis with phenotypic data, we can assert that strain 6p5m belongs to the S. rhizophila species. When studying the biopolymer c
{"title":"Characteristics of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Lipopolysaccharide, a Representative of Antarctica","authors":"O. S. Brovarska, L. Varbanets, G. Gladka, O. B. Tashyrev","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"In 2002, Wolf described a new species of Stenotrophomonas, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, which is a non-pathogenic plant inhabitant. The defining characteristics of the new species, in contrast to S. maltophilia, were the following: growth at 4 °C, but its absence at 37 °C; the use of xylose as a carbon source; low osmolytic tolerance. S. rhizophila is isolated exclusively from the rhizosphere or from the internal tissues of plants, in particular from the vascular tissues of the root and stem. In 2014, a number of authors, studying cultivated heterotrophic bacteria and yeasts, which dominate in plant samples collected from various terrestrial biotopes near the Ukrainian Antarctic station on Galindez Island in Marine Antarctica, isolated a number of bacterial isolates. The authors’ phylogenetic analysis using only BLAST analysis made it possible to determine the approximate phylogenetic affiliation of the bacterial isolate to the family Gammaproteobacteria (genus Stenotrophomonas, species S. rhizophila). It is known that many processes that determine the biological features of microorganisms, the nature of their relationships between them, as well as micro- and macroorganisms in biocenoses, are carried out with the participation of the surface structures of the bacterial cell, which are in direct contact with the environment. Among them, of particular interest are lipopolysaccharides (LPS), components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. However, to date, we have not found any works devoted to the study of S. rhizophila lipopolysaccharides in the literature available to us. The aim of the work was to clarify the phylogenetic position of the 6p5m bacterial strain isolated from the Antarctic region by constructing dendrograms, to study some of its phenotypic properties, to isolate lipopolysaccharides and study chemical and component composition, serological, and biological properties. Methods. Identification was carried out via ribosomal phylogeny. A fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of bacterial strain 6p5m was amplified by PCR using primers 8F and 1492R. The phylogenetic position of the strains was determined by construction of dendrograms, which show the position of the investigated strains among closely related and typical species and type species (programs ClustalX 2.1, Mega v. 6.00). LPS was obtained from cells by water-phenol extraction, electrophoresis was carried out in polyacrylamide gel, monosaccharide and fatty acid composition was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry, antigenic activity was studied by immunodiffusion in agar. Results. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a high level of homology (99.8%) of the bacterial strain 6p5m with typical strain S. rhizophila DSM 14405T from the GenBank database, which allows us to classify it. Comparing phylogenetic analysis with phenotypic data, we can assert that strain 6p5m belongs to the S. rhizophila species. When studying the biopolymer c","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"57 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.06.066
N. Y. Parkhomenko, I. Kurdish
The problem of increasing the yield of cultivated plants attracts the attention of specialists and prompts scientists to study viral plant diseases as one of the causes of significant crop losses. A virus is an endogenous parasite that, having entered plant cells, uses the functions of cell organoids and biosystems for its reproduction, which leads to plant disease and a decrease in their productivity. One of the promising approaches to reducing viral damage to plants is the use of microbial antiviral preparations. The complex bacterial preparation Azogran, developed at the Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, is based on the interaction of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Bacillus subtilis IMV B-7023, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii IMV B-7076, and clay mineral — bentonite. Phosphate-mobilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria significantly improve the growth and development of plants, essentially increasing the yield of agricultural crops. However, the effect of Azogran on the development and yield of potato plants infected with the X-virus has not been sufficiently studied. Taking this into account, the aim of the work was to study the effect of the complex bacterial preparation Azogran on the growth, some physiological and biochemical properties, and productivity of potato plants, uninfected and infected by the potato virus X. Methods. Microbiological (obtaining the bacterial preparation Azogran, used in granular form (0.25 g)), virological (isolation of potato virus X, inoculation of plants with potato virus X), serological (testing for the presence or absence of the virus), biochemical (determination of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids), spectrophotometric, and statistical analysis. Results. In the conducted experiments, the Azogran was used in granular form in the amount of one and two granules. The effectiveness of the use of the preparation, which stimulates the intensive growth of plants of two varieties of potatoes (early variety Spokusa and medium variety Diva), which leads to an increase in their yield, is shown. The positive effect of Azogran was observed on the development of both infected and non-infected plants. It was found that when two granules of the preparation were applied, the yield of potatoes of the Diva variety increased by 27.02%, and the yield of potatoes of the Spokusa variety under the same conditions increased by 29.46%. A similar effect of Azogran was observed on plants infected with the potato virus X, only to a lesser extent: in the Diva variety, the yield was 16.3% higher compared to the control (control — plants not infected by the virus), and in the Spokusa variety it was higher by 22.59%. When studying the content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in virus-infected potato plants, it was established that the content of chlorophylls at different stages of virus infection was different, but the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was
{"title":"Influence of the Complex Bacterial Preparation Azogran on Some Physiological-Biochemical Properties and Productivity of Potato Plants Infected by the Potato Virus X","authors":"N. Y. Parkhomenko, I. Kurdish","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.06.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.06.066","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of increasing the yield of cultivated plants attracts the attention of specialists and prompts scientists to study viral plant diseases as one of the causes of significant crop losses. A virus is an endogenous parasite that, having entered plant cells, uses the functions of cell organoids and biosystems for its reproduction, which leads to plant disease and a decrease in their productivity. One of the promising approaches to reducing viral damage to plants is the use of microbial antiviral preparations. The complex bacterial preparation Azogran, developed at the Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, is based on the interaction of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Bacillus subtilis IMV B-7023, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii IMV B-7076, and clay mineral — bentonite. Phosphate-mobilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria significantly improve the growth and development of plants, essentially increasing the yield of agricultural crops. However, the effect of Azogran on the development and yield of potato plants infected with the X-virus has not been sufficiently studied. Taking this into account, the aim of the work was to study the effect of the complex bacterial preparation Azogran on the growth, some physiological and biochemical properties, and productivity of potato plants, uninfected and infected by the potato virus X. Methods. Microbiological (obtaining the bacterial preparation Azogran, used in granular form (0.25 g)), virological (isolation of potato virus X, inoculation of plants with potato virus X), serological (testing for the presence or absence of the virus), biochemical (determination of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids), spectrophotometric, and statistical analysis. Results. In the conducted experiments, the Azogran was used in granular form in the amount of one and two granules. The effectiveness of the use of the preparation, which stimulates the intensive growth of plants of two varieties of potatoes (early variety Spokusa and medium variety Diva), which leads to an increase in their yield, is shown. The positive effect of Azogran was observed on the development of both infected and non-infected plants. It was found that when two granules of the preparation were applied, the yield of potatoes of the Diva variety increased by 27.02%, and the yield of potatoes of the Spokusa variety under the same conditions increased by 29.46%. A similar effect of Azogran was observed on plants infected with the potato virus X, only to a lesser extent: in the Diva variety, the yield was 16.3% higher compared to the control (control — plants not infected by the virus), and in the Spokusa variety it was higher by 22.59%. When studying the content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in virus-infected potato plants, it was established that the content of chlorophylls at different stages of virus infection was different, but the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.06.048
M.V. Reshetnikov, L. M. Butsenko, L. Pasichnyk
Soryz is a new promising agricultural crop. Sorghum leaf spots are one of the most common and harmful diseases of these crops. Improving the technology of growing agricultural crops requires the development of methods of controlling their pathogens, based on data on their distribution and properties. There is no information on the taxonomic status and properties of the causative agents of soryz bacterial spot in Ukraine. The aim of the work was to identify the causative agent of bacterial spots of a new sorghum crop — soryz in Ukraine and to study its biological properties. Methods. Identification of the causative agent of soryz bacterial spots was carried out in the Cherkasy and Kyiv regions of Ukraine in 2019-2023. Isolation of the pathogen and study of its morphological-cultural, physiological-biochemical properties were carried out by classical microbiological methods using the NEFERMtest24 (MikroLaTEST®, ErbaLachema, Czech Republic) and API 20NE (Biomerieux, France) test systems. Electron microscopy, chromatographic separation, and identification of fatty acids were conducted at the Center for Collective Research of the Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IMV). The antigenic properties of isolated bacteria were investigated by the agglutination reaction with antisera to five serological groups of Pseudomonas syringae strains. Identification of the obtained bacteria was carried out on the basis of their phenotypic properties and the results of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry on a VITEK MS mass spectrometer. Results. Affecting by spotting was noted in 2—27% of soryz plants, and the development of symptoms of damage was 1—4 points. Bacteria with sorghum disease symptoms were isolated, from which ten virulent isolates were studied in detail. According to the phenotypic properties, 9 isolates that were similar to the characteristics of the typical strain of P. syringae UCM B-1027T, were identified as P. syringae van Hall 1902. One isolate belongs to phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas according to its main properties, but its taxonomic status within the genus needs to be clarified. In the cellular lipids strains isolated from affected soryz plants, as well as in the type strain of P. syringae UCM B-1027T, such fatty acids as dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, cis-9-hexadecenoic, cis-11-octadecenoic, cis-9,10-methylene hexadecanoic, cis-9,10-methylene octadecanoic acids were identified. In the cellular lipids of strains from soryz, fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms predominate, the total content of which is more than 60% of all detected fatty acids. Isolates from soryz also contain 3-hydroxydecanoic, 2-hydroxydodecanoic, and 3-hydroxydodecanoic fatty acids, the presence of which confirms the belonging of the isolated bacteria to the species P. syringae. According to the antigenic properties, nine strains of P. syringae isolated from soryz are h
高粱是一种新的有前途的农作物。高粱叶斑病是这些作物最常见、最有害的病害之一。要提高农作物的种植技术，就必须根据病原体的分布和特性数据，开发控制病原体的方法。目前还没有关于乌克兰 soryz 细菌性斑点病病原体的分类状况和特性的信息。这项工作的目的是确定乌克兰一种新的高粱作物--soryz--的细菌性斑点病原菌，并研究其生物学特性。研究方法2019-2023 年在乌克兰的切尔卡瑟州和基辅州进行了高粱细菌性斑点病原菌的鉴定工作。通过经典微生物学方法，使用 NEFERMtest24（MikroLaTEST®，ErbaLachema，捷克共和国）和 API 20NE （Biomerieux，法国）测试系统分离病原体并研究其形态-文化、生理-生化特性。电子显微镜、色谱分离和脂肪酸鉴定在乌克兰国家科学院扎博洛特尼微生物学和病毒学研究所集体研究中心（IMV）进行。分离出的细菌的抗原特性是通过与五组血清学意义上的丁香假单胞菌菌株抗血清的凝集反应来研究的。根据细菌的表型特性和在 VITEK MS 质谱仪上进行的 MALDI-TOF 质谱分析结果，对获得的细菌进行了鉴定。结果。2-27%的高粱植株受到斑点病的影响，损害症状发展为 1-4 点。分离出了具有高粱病害症状的细菌，并对其中的 10 个毒力分离物进行了详细研究。根据表型特征，9 个分离物与典型的 P. syringae UCM B-1027T 菌株特征相似，被鉴定为 P. syringae van Hall 1902。根据其主要特性，其中一个分离物属于假单胞菌属植物病原菌，但其在假单胞菌属中的分类地位有待明确。在从受影响的 soryz 植物中分离出的细胞脂质菌株以及 P. syringae UCM B-1027T 型菌株中，发现了十二酸、十四酸、十六酸、十八酸、顺式-9-十六烯酸、顺式-11-十八烯酸、顺式-9,10-亚甲基十六烷酸、顺式-9,10-亚甲基十八烷酸等脂肪酸。在索里兹菌株的细胞脂质中，碳原子数为偶数的脂肪酸占主导地位，其总含量占所有检测到的脂肪酸的 60% 以上。从 soryz 分离出来的菌株还含有 3-羟基癸酸、2-羟基十二酸和 3-羟基十二酸脂肪酸，这些脂肪酸的存在证实了分离出来的细菌属于 P. syringae 菌种。根据抗原特性，从 soryz 中分离出的 9 株 P. syringae 具有同质性，属于血清组 I。通过 MALDI-TOF 质谱分析方法证实，沙雷氏菌病的病原菌属于 P. syringae。得出结论。因此，根据我们的研究结果，可以确定乌克兰 Soryz 菌斑病的主要病原体是 P. syringae。根据抗原特性，浆液性细菌病斑的致病菌群是同质的，这使得开发用于检测致病菌的血清学快速测试成为可能。通过比较从高粱中采集的菌株（现代分类学中不存在的一种全缘假单胞菌）的生物学特性与从沙里兹中采集的菌株（典型的 P. syringae 菌株 UCM B-1027T）的特性，我们确定 1968-1971 年在 IMV 植物病原菌部分离的全缘假单胞菌属于 P. syringae 菌种。
{"title":"Biological Properties of the Agent of Soryz Bacterial Spot in Ukraine","authors":"M.V. Reshetnikov, L. M. Butsenko, L. Pasichnyk","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.06.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.06.048","url":null,"abstract":"Soryz is a new promising agricultural crop. Sorghum leaf spots are one of the most common and harmful diseases of these crops. Improving the technology of growing agricultural crops requires the development of methods of controlling their pathogens, based on data on their distribution and properties. There is no information on the taxonomic status and properties of the causative agents of soryz bacterial spot in Ukraine. The aim of the work was to identify the causative agent of bacterial spots of a new sorghum crop — soryz in Ukraine and to study its biological properties. Methods. Identification of the causative agent of soryz bacterial spots was carried out in the Cherkasy and Kyiv regions of Ukraine in 2019-2023. Isolation of the pathogen and study of its morphological-cultural, physiological-biochemical properties were carried out by classical microbiological methods using the NEFERMtest24 (MikroLaTEST®, ErbaLachema, Czech Republic) and API 20NE (Biomerieux, France) test systems. Electron microscopy, chromatographic separation, and identification of fatty acids were conducted at the Center for Collective Research of the Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IMV). The antigenic properties of isolated bacteria were investigated by the agglutination reaction with antisera to five serological groups of Pseudomonas syringae strains. Identification of the obtained bacteria was carried out on the basis of their phenotypic properties and the results of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry on a VITEK MS mass spectrometer. Results. Affecting by spotting was noted in 2—27% of soryz plants, and the development of symptoms of damage was 1—4 points. Bacteria with sorghum disease symptoms were isolated, from which ten virulent isolates were studied in detail. According to the phenotypic properties, 9 isolates that were similar to the characteristics of the typical strain of P. syringae UCM B-1027T, were identified as P. syringae van Hall 1902. One isolate belongs to phytopathogenic bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas according to its main properties, but its taxonomic status within the genus needs to be clarified. In the cellular lipids strains isolated from affected soryz plants, as well as in the type strain of P. syringae UCM B-1027T, such fatty acids as dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, cis-9-hexadecenoic, cis-11-octadecenoic, cis-9,10-methylene hexadecanoic, cis-9,10-methylene octadecanoic acids were identified. In the cellular lipids of strains from soryz, fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms predominate, the total content of which is more than 60% of all detected fatty acids. Isolates from soryz also contain 3-hydroxydecanoic, 2-hydroxydodecanoic, and 3-hydroxydodecanoic fatty acids, the presence of which confirms the belonging of the isolated bacteria to the species P. syringae. According to the antigenic properties, nine strains of P. syringae isolated from soryz are h","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.06.061
S. Bhatia
The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has been going on over the last 3 years. The people are vaccinated with different vaccines targeting the S protein. Aim. Therefore, it is essential to have an assay that can detect different parts of the virus as a serological assay and can be performed as a point of care test. Hence, in this work, we decided to develop such an assay with the help of magnetic beads. Methods. The magnetic beads ELISA (MB ELISA) was developed in a microtube. The viral ligand-specific magnetic beads were used to detect the nucleoprotein (NP)-specific IgG antibodies in human plasma samples. The results were read with the naked eye as well as with professional ELISA readers. Results. 7 μL magnetic beads were suitable to detect the presence of NP-specific antibodies. The assay needs only a magnetic rack and a pipettor to be performed. The results were available within 30 min. The positive results were observed as yellow color visually but also read in ELISA reader as OD values. The sensitivity of this assay was 1:108 dilutions. The cross-reaction panel was negative with different pathogens and negative human plasma. Conclusions. This work may be the first report in literature about the development of a magnetic beads ELISA as a point of the care assay, which is reproducible, highly sensitive, robust, and easy to perform. It was used to detect the presence of NP-specific IgG antibodies in the plasma samples successfully. This assay can be used as a professional assay, where the results can be measured with an ELISA reader. This assay may be suitable in small clinics also under field conditions. It can be used to detect the SARS CoV-2 infection in vaccinated persons (S protein-based vaccines) along with non-vaccinated population in latent and active phase.
{"title":"Simple, Rapid, and Highly Sensitive Magnetic Beads ELISA for Detection of SARS CoV-2 Antibodies (IgG) in Human Plasma Samples as a Point of Care Assay","authors":"S. Bhatia","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.06.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.06.061","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has been going on over the last 3 years. The people are vaccinated with different vaccines targeting the S protein. Aim. Therefore, it is essential to have an assay that can detect different parts of the virus as a serological assay and can be performed as a point of care test. Hence, in this work, we decided to develop such an assay with the help of magnetic beads. Methods. The magnetic beads ELISA (MB ELISA) was developed in a microtube. The viral ligand-specific magnetic beads were used to detect the nucleoprotein (NP)-specific IgG antibodies in human plasma samples. The results were read with the naked eye as well as with professional ELISA readers. Results. 7 μL magnetic beads were suitable to detect the presence of NP-specific antibodies. The assay needs only a magnetic rack and a pipettor to be performed. The results were available within 30 min. The positive results were observed as yellow color visually but also read in ELISA reader as OD values. The sensitivity of this assay was 1:108 dilutions. The cross-reaction panel was negative with different pathogens and negative human plasma. Conclusions. This work may be the first report in literature about the development of a magnetic beads ELISA as a point of the care assay, which is reproducible, highly sensitive, robust, and easy to perform. It was used to detect the presence of NP-specific IgG antibodies in the plasma samples successfully. This assay can be used as a professional assay, where the results can be measured with an ELISA reader. This assay may be suitable in small clinics also under field conditions. It can be used to detect the SARS CoV-2 infection in vaccinated persons (S protein-based vaccines) along with non-vaccinated population in latent and active phase.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.06.026
N. Hrytseva, L.M. Skivka
Potato is one of the most important food crops in the world. Cultivation of potatoes is an important segment of the agriculture and economy as a whole in Ukraine. Bacterial diseases such as ring rot caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus, as well as soft rot and blackleg caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum evoke tremendous losses of the potato crop. Stored seed tubers are the main source of accumulating pathogens in latent form. In addition, potato crop yield and quality are significantly affected by weather conditions. Along with affecting potatoes directly, meteorological factors such as air temperature and humidity can also impact tuber infestation with bacterial pathogens. The aim of the study was to monitor the prevalence of bacterial ring rot pathogen C. sepedonicus and soft rot pathogen P. atrosepticum in potato tubers on the territory of Ukraine in 2020 and 2021 years and assess its association with different weather conditions. Methods. Potato seed lots from newly harvested crops in eight regions of Ukraine (Odesa, Kyiv, Donetsk, Kherson, Cherkasy, Mykolaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Zhytomyr regions) without visual symptoms of diseases were used for the experiments. The detection of C. sepedonicus and P. atrosepticum was conducted by the immunochemical method DAS ELISA. Basal meteorological data (the sum of precipitation (mm/month) and average air temperature (°C) were obtained from the local meteorological stations. The amplitude of air temperature and the sum of precipitation during potato planting, growing, and harvesting seasons, as well as Sielianinov’s hydrothermal coefficient (K) were additionally calculated. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of the correlation between pathogen prevalence and weather parameters. Results. Both ring rot pathogen C. sepedonicus and soft rot pathogen P. atrosepticum were detected in potato lots from all surveyed regions, but the prevalence of latent infestation varied between 2020 and 2021. In 2020, the highest soft rot pathogen prevalence values were registered for Mykolaiv, Kyiv, and Cherkasy regions (21.7, 10.5, and 10% respectively), where high rainfall levels in May and June were observed. In 2021, potato planting, growing, and harvesting seasons were marked by significantly higher precipitation levels, as compared to 2020, in all regions. Average occurrence values for P. atrosepticum in potato lots were 1.7 times higher than that in 2020. The highest prevalence (40%) was observed in the Donetsk region with extremely high air humidity during the potato growing period. Strong positive correlation (r = 0.721) was found between soft rot pathogen prevalence and K coefficients during the potato growing season, as well as between P. atrosepticum prevalence and the sum of precipitation during planting and early growing seasons. Prevalence of ring rot pathogen didn’t differ significantly in 2020 and 2021. The highest C. sepedonicus prevalence was observed in 2020 in the Kyiv region (
马铃薯是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一。马铃薯种植是乌克兰农业和经济的重要组成部分。细菌性病害（如由Clavibacter sepedonicus引起的环腐病）以及由Pectobacterium atrosepticum引起的软腐病和黑腿病给马铃薯作物造成了巨大损失。贮藏的块茎种子是病原体潜伏积累的主要来源。此外，天气条件对马铃薯作物的产量和质量也有很大影响。除直接影响马铃薯外，气温和湿度等气象因素也会影响块茎受细菌病原体侵染。本研究旨在监测 2020 年和 2021 年乌克兰境内马铃薯块茎中细菌性环腐病原体 C. sepedonicus 和软腐病病原体 P. atrosepticum 的流行情况，并评估其与不同天气条件的关系。方法。实验使用了乌克兰八个地区（敖德萨州、基辅州、顿涅茨克州、赫尔松州、切尔卡瑟州、米科廖夫州、第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州和日托米尔州）新收获的马铃薯种块，这些种块没有肉眼可见的病害症状。用免疫化学方法 DAS ELISA 检测了 C. sepedonicus 和 P. atrosepticum。基础气象数据（降水量总和（毫米/月）和平均气温（摄氏度））来自当地气象站。此外，还计算了马铃薯种植、生长和收获季节的气温振幅和降水量总和，以及 Sielianinov 水热系数 (K)。斯皮尔曼相关系数用于分析病原体流行与天气参数之间的相关性。结果在所有调查地区的马铃薯地块中都检测到了环腐病原体 C. sepedonicus 和软腐病病原体 P. atrosepticum，但 2020 年和 2021 年的潜伏感染率有所不同。2020 年，软腐病病原体流行率最高的地区是米科廖夫、基辅和切尔卡瑟地区（分别为 21.7%、10.5% 和 10%），这些地区在 5 月和 6 月降雨量较高。与 2020 年相比，2021 年马铃薯播种、生长和收获季节所有地区的降水量都显著增加。马铃薯地块中 P. atrosepticum 的平均发生值是 2020 年的 1.7 倍。顿涅茨克地区的发病率最高（40%），该地区在马铃薯生长期间空气湿度极高。软腐病病原菌的流行与马铃薯生长季节的 K 系数之间，以及赤霉病病原菌的流行与马铃薯播种和早期生长季节的降水量总和之间，都存在很强的正相关性（r = 0.721）。2020 年和 2021 年环腐病菌的流行率没有显著差异。2020 年基辅地区的 C. sepedonicus 感染率最高（18.9%），2021 年顿涅茨克地区最高（20%）。病原体流行率与播种期和生长初期的气温呈中等正相关（r = 0.591）。结论马铃薯播种期和生长初期的空气温度和湿度等天气因素会影响块茎后代对P. atrosepticum和C. sepedonicus的侵染。了解不断变化的天气条件对具有不同遗传特征的马铃薯品种易受软腐病和环腐病病原体侵染的影响，对于马铃薯生产者制定病害控制措施至关重要，因此值得在今后进行研究。
{"title":"Latent Infestation of Potato Tubers with Soft Rot and Ring Rot Pathogens under Changing Weather Conditions in Ukraine","authors":"N. Hrytseva, L.M. Skivka","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.06.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.06.026","url":null,"abstract":"Potato is one of the most important food crops in the world. Cultivation of potatoes is an important segment of the agriculture and economy as a whole in Ukraine. Bacterial diseases such as ring rot caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus, as well as soft rot and blackleg caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum evoke tremendous losses of the potato crop. Stored seed tubers are the main source of accumulating pathogens in latent form. In addition, potato crop yield and quality are significantly affected by weather conditions. Along with affecting potatoes directly, meteorological factors such as air temperature and humidity can also impact tuber infestation with bacterial pathogens. The aim of the study was to monitor the prevalence of bacterial ring rot pathogen C. sepedonicus and soft rot pathogen P. atrosepticum in potato tubers on the territory of Ukraine in 2020 and 2021 years and assess its association with different weather conditions. Methods. Potato seed lots from newly harvested crops in eight regions of Ukraine (Odesa, Kyiv, Donetsk, Kherson, Cherkasy, Mykolaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Zhytomyr regions) without visual symptoms of diseases were used for the experiments. The detection of C. sepedonicus and P. atrosepticum was conducted by the immunochemical method DAS ELISA. Basal meteorological data (the sum of precipitation (mm/month) and average air temperature (°C) were obtained from the local meteorological stations. The amplitude of air temperature and the sum of precipitation during potato planting, growing, and harvesting seasons, as well as Sielianinov’s hydrothermal coefficient (K) were additionally calculated. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of the correlation between pathogen prevalence and weather parameters. Results. Both ring rot pathogen C. sepedonicus and soft rot pathogen P. atrosepticum were detected in potato lots from all surveyed regions, but the prevalence of latent infestation varied between 2020 and 2021. In 2020, the highest soft rot pathogen prevalence values were registered for Mykolaiv, Kyiv, and Cherkasy regions (21.7, 10.5, and 10% respectively), where high rainfall levels in May and June were observed. In 2021, potato planting, growing, and harvesting seasons were marked by significantly higher precipitation levels, as compared to 2020, in all regions. Average occurrence values for P. atrosepticum in potato lots were 1.7 times higher than that in 2020. The highest prevalence (40%) was observed in the Donetsk region with extremely high air humidity during the potato growing period. Strong positive correlation (r = 0.721) was found between soft rot pathogen prevalence and K coefficients during the potato growing season, as well as between P. atrosepticum prevalence and the sum of precipitation during planting and early growing seasons. Prevalence of ring rot pathogen didn’t differ significantly in 2020 and 2021. The highest C. sepedonicus prevalence was observed in 2020 in the Kyiv region (","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"52 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.05.020
D.V. Krutylo, O.V. Nadkernychna
In previous years, the serological and genetic diversities of soybean nodule bacteria in agrocenoses of Ukraine have been researched. Less attention was paid to the study of their survival in the soil. Taking into account the natural heterogeneity of bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium, the aim of this work was to evaluate the diversity of bradyrhizobia in local populations of different soils after a long-term period without leguminous plants, to obtain new isolates of nodule bacteria and to study their properties. Methods. Microbiological (isolation of bradyrhizobia from the nodules of trap plants, study of the properties of strains), serological (study of the diversity of rhizobia in nodule populations, study of the serological affiliation of strains), vegetation and field experiments (study of plant infecting with bradyrhizobia). Results. Local populations of bradyrhizobia in sod-podzolic soil and leached chornozem were studied using trap plants of the genera Glycine, Vigna, and Lupinus. It was established that after a 7 to 8-year period without leguminous plants, active nodule bacteria remained in both types of soil, which nodulated cultivated and wild soybeans, cowpeas, mung beans, adzuki beans, and lupine. The main microsymbionts of plants of the genera Glycine and Vigna on different types of soil were soybean bradyrhizobia belonging to 6 serological groups: 46, M8, КВ11, 634b, HR, and B1. The representatives of 4 serogroups corresponded to the inoculant strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 46, M8, 634b, and КВ11, which were periodically used in the studied areas. In addition to B. japonicum, cowpea plants trapped microsymbionts of B. lupini serogroup 367a (4.2%) from the soil. Bradyrhizobia of serogroup B1 were detected both in nodules of cowpea (6.3%) and wild soybean (12.5%). 45.8% of lupine nodules were formed by bacteria B. lupini of serogroup 367a. The appearance in populations of representatives of serogroups HR and B1 along with a group of unidentified microsymbionts requires further research. Cultivation of trap plants of wild soybeans and various types of cowpea made it possible to identify saprophytic strain B. japonicum M8 (formed 25.0% to 83.4% of nodules) in the sod-podzolic soil, which did not infect the roots of cultivated soybeans. 70 isolates of bradyrhizobia were obtained from nodules of trap plants, which were preliminarily identified as B. japonicum, B. lupini, and Bradyrhizobium sp. Conclusions. The results confirm the importance of using different leguminous trap plants for a more complete characterization of the local rhizobial community. Cultivation of plants of the genera Glycine, Vigna, and Lupinus, capable of cross-infection, made it possible to detect bacteria B. japonicum (serogroups 46, M8, КВ11, 634b, HR), B. lupini (serogroup 367a), and Bradyrhizobium sp. (serogroup B1), which exist for a long-term period as saprophytes in sod-podzolic soil and leached chornozem. 70 isolates of bradyrhizobia were obtained, 3
{"title":"Features of Local Bradyrhizobia Populations after Long-Term Period in the Soil without a Host Plant","authors":"D.V. Krutylo, O.V. Nadkernychna","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.05.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"In previous years, the serological and genetic diversities of soybean nodule bacteria in agrocenoses of Ukraine have been researched. Less attention was paid to the study of their survival in the soil. Taking into account the natural heterogeneity of bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium, the aim of this work was to evaluate the diversity of bradyrhizobia in local populations of different soils after a long-term period without leguminous plants, to obtain new isolates of nodule bacteria and to study their properties. Methods. Microbiological (isolation of bradyrhizobia from the nodules of trap plants, study of the properties of strains), serological (study of the diversity of rhizobia in nodule populations, study of the serological affiliation of strains), vegetation and field experiments (study of plant infecting with bradyrhizobia). Results. Local populations of bradyrhizobia in sod-podzolic soil and leached chornozem were studied using trap plants of the genera Glycine, Vigna, and Lupinus. It was established that after a 7 to 8-year period without leguminous plants, active nodule bacteria remained in both types of soil, which nodulated cultivated and wild soybeans, cowpeas, mung beans, adzuki beans, and lupine. The main microsymbionts of plants of the genera Glycine and Vigna on different types of soil were soybean bradyrhizobia belonging to 6 serological groups: 46, M8, КВ11, 634b, HR, and B1. The representatives of 4 serogroups corresponded to the inoculant strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 46, M8, 634b, and КВ11, which were periodically used in the studied areas. In addition to B. japonicum, cowpea plants trapped microsymbionts of B. lupini serogroup 367a (4.2%) from the soil. Bradyrhizobia of serogroup B1 were detected both in nodules of cowpea (6.3%) and wild soybean (12.5%). 45.8% of lupine nodules were formed by bacteria B. lupini of serogroup 367a. The appearance in populations of representatives of serogroups HR and B1 along with a group of unidentified microsymbionts requires further research. Cultivation of trap plants of wild soybeans and various types of cowpea made it possible to identify saprophytic strain B. japonicum M8 (formed 25.0% to 83.4% of nodules) in the sod-podzolic soil, which did not infect the roots of cultivated soybeans. 70 isolates of bradyrhizobia were obtained from nodules of trap plants, which were preliminarily identified as B. japonicum, B. lupini, and Bradyrhizobium sp. Conclusions. The results confirm the importance of using different leguminous trap plants for a more complete characterization of the local rhizobial community. Cultivation of plants of the genera Glycine, Vigna, and Lupinus, capable of cross-infection, made it possible to detect bacteria B. japonicum (serogroups 46, M8, КВ11, 634b, HR), B. lupini (serogroup 367a), and Bradyrhizobium sp. (serogroup B1), which exist for a long-term period as saprophytes in sod-podzolic soil and leached chornozem. 70 isolates of bradyrhizobia were obtained, 3","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"5 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. This research aimed at laboratory simulation of anaerobic digestion of plant biomass contaminated by a mixture of viruses with a wide host range to evaluate if viruses can retain their infectivity and pose a biohazard during the use of plant-based reusable resources such as digestate. Methods. Anaerobic digestion was simulated in air-tight desiccators using anaerobic bags and indicator strips to ensure proper conditions, and using fresh biomass of naturallyvirus-infected plants. In one of the variants, a commercial mixture of anaerobic bacteria and enzymes was also added to see if it would be more efficient in terms of plant digestion and virus inactivation. For serological detection of the tomato mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and potato virus Y, DAS-ELISA was used with commercial diagnostic kits and positive controls. Absorbance values were measured at 405 nm. Total RNA was extracted using a RNeasy Plant Mini kit following the manufacturer’s instructions. Molecular detection of viruses was carried out by two-step RT-PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers available from the literature. To check if the viruses can retain their infectivity after the anaerobic digestion of plant biomass waste, a bioassay was used where Nicotiana rustica plants producing necrotic lesions upon infection with many viruses were mechanically inoculated at the stage of 2 true leaves. For statistical processing of data, the mean and standard error were calculated using Microsoft Excel software. Results. After prolonged anaerobic digestion, tomato mosaic virus was still detected in plant residues, but it is important to note that it was also found in high concentration in the liquid phase. Hence, during the anaerobic digestion, a significant proportion of the virus was successfully eluted from plant residues into the digestate. Interestingly and contrary to tomato mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus has not practically eluted to the liquid phase. On the other hand, potato virus Y was supposedly completely decomposed during the anaerobic digestion of plant biomass waste, as it was not detected either by ELISA or by PCR. It is likely that not all of the investigated viruses represent a potential biohazard in the context of the use of renewable resources. RT-PCR outcomes showed the presence of tomato mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus both in the solid and the liquid phases, augmenting the ELISA data. Lastly, bioassay results have confirmed that at least tomato mosaic tobamovirus may escape the aggressive process of waste decomposition and remain able to infect host plants raising issues about the safety of reusable plant resources. Conclusions. The survival of plant viruses during plant biomass waste processing was studied in the context of biological safety. The preservation of serological markers and genetic signatures of model viruses in the process of anaerobic digestion has been confirmed. For the first time, it was proven that tomato mosaic vir
{"title":"Viruses Demonstrate Selective Survival During Simulated Anaerobic Digestion of Plant Biomass","authors":"O.V. Shevchenko, A.V. Kharina, H.O. Snihur, T.P. Shevchenko, I.H. Budzanivska","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.05.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.05.055","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. This research aimed at laboratory simulation of anaerobic digestion of plant biomass contaminated by a mixture of viruses with a wide host range to evaluate if viruses can retain their infectivity and pose a biohazard during the use of plant-based reusable resources such as digestate. Methods. Anaerobic digestion was simulated in air-tight desiccators using anaerobic bags and indicator strips to ensure proper conditions, and using fresh biomass of naturallyvirus-infected plants. In one of the variants, a commercial mixture of anaerobic bacteria and enzymes was also added to see if it would be more efficient in terms of plant digestion and virus inactivation. For serological detection of the tomato mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, and potato virus Y, DAS-ELISA was used with commercial diagnostic kits and positive controls. Absorbance values were measured at 405 nm. Total RNA was extracted using a RNeasy Plant Mini kit following the manufacturer’s instructions. Molecular detection of viruses was carried out by two-step RT-PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers available from the literature. To check if the viruses can retain their infectivity after the anaerobic digestion of plant biomass waste, a bioassay was used where Nicotiana rustica plants producing necrotic lesions upon infection with many viruses were mechanically inoculated at the stage of 2 true leaves. For statistical processing of data, the mean and standard error were calculated using Microsoft Excel software. Results. After prolonged anaerobic digestion, tomato mosaic virus was still detected in plant residues, but it is important to note that it was also found in high concentration in the liquid phase. Hence, during the anaerobic digestion, a significant proportion of the virus was successfully eluted from plant residues into the digestate. Interestingly and contrary to tomato mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus has not practically eluted to the liquid phase. On the other hand, potato virus Y was supposedly completely decomposed during the anaerobic digestion of plant biomass waste, as it was not detected either by ELISA or by PCR. It is likely that not all of the investigated viruses represent a potential biohazard in the context of the use of renewable resources. RT-PCR outcomes showed the presence of tomato mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus both in the solid and the liquid phases, augmenting the ELISA data. Lastly, bioassay results have confirmed that at least tomato mosaic tobamovirus may escape the aggressive process of waste decomposition and remain able to infect host plants raising issues about the safety of reusable plant resources. Conclusions. The survival of plant viruses during plant biomass waste processing was studied in the context of biological safety. The preservation of serological markers and genetic signatures of model viruses in the process of anaerobic digestion has been confirmed. For the first time, it was proven that tomato mosaic vir","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"72 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The review provides an analysis of the current literature data on the prevalence of weeds of the Asteraceae and Malvaceae families, which act as reservoirs of agricultural plant viruses, in the agroecosystems of both Ukraine and the world. The main focus is on weeds that are common in the agrocenoses of agricultural crops. The primary sources of the main pathogens of viral diseases of vegetable crops (Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)) in different climatic zones, as well as the main factors contributing to the spread of harmful viruses in agrophytocenoses are analyzed.
{"title":"Weed Plants of the Asteraceae and Malvaceae Families as Reservoirs of Harmful Viruses of Vegetable Crops in Ukraine and the World","authors":"M.M. Bohdan, A.M. Kyrychenko, I.S. Shcherbatenko, H.V. Kraeva","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.05.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.05.066","url":null,"abstract":"The review provides an analysis of the current literature data on the prevalence of weeds of the Asteraceae and Malvaceae families, which act as reservoirs of agricultural plant viruses, in the agroecosystems of both Ukraine and the world. The main focus is on weeds that are common in the agrocenoses of agricultural crops. The primary sources of the main pathogens of viral diseases of vegetable crops (Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)) in different climatic zones, as well as the main factors contributing to the spread of harmful viruses in agrophytocenoses are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research deals with the study of immuno-microbiological parallels of the genital tract in women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis with concomitant chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases. In addition to etiotropic antibacterial therapy, correction of the mucosal immunity state of the genital tract is crucial for the treatment of the disease and prevention of its recurrence. The purpose of the work was to investigate the contamination and state of local immunity of the genital tract in women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis with different clinical courses. Methods. 246 women of reproductive age suffering from acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis were studied, divided into three variants of the disease clinical course: group 1 - mild (n=105), group 2 - moderate (n=90), and group 3 - severe (n=51) courses. The scrapings of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal and washings from the vagina were obtained before the start of antimicrobial therapy. Quantitative determination of pathogens was carried out by sowing the biological material on solid nutrient environment. Identification of detached bacteria was carried out according to Bergeys. Mollicutes (Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis) were determined by the cultural-fermentative method using test systems and the polymerase chain reaction. Vaginal washings of 121 sick women were used for immunological studies. The levels of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, human β-defensin-2, immunoglobulins M, A, G, secretory IgA, lactoferrin, C3-component of complement, secretory component, and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined. The reference group consisted of 23 clinically healthy women. The Statistica 12.0 program package for Windows was used, and a difference of p<0.05 was considered verifi able. Results. In the majority of patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (85.6% of cases), concomitant chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases (colpitis, salpingitis, underlying medical condition of cervix) were observed. Classical bacteria were more often detected in vaginal washings of patients of all groups, while mollicutes were detected in scrapings of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, whereas the frequency of their detection increased with increase in the pyelonephritis severity. The analysis of indicators of local immunity determined disorders of mucosal immunity of the genital tract in the form of increased levels of myeloperoxidase, IgA, and IgG relative to reference values. The highest levels of lysozyme and myeloperoxidase were determined in patients with a severe course of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (by 5.3 and 3.6 times more, respectively), and the content of immunoglobulins A, M, and G in patients with a mild course of the disease (by 3.2, 3.1, and 4.0 times more, respectively). An increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor-α was detected in all patients, although no significant differences from controls were found in any group, but the highest median value was recorde
{"title":"Disorder of the Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity of the Genital Tract in Women of Reproductive Age with Different Clinical Courses of Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis","authors":"A.V. Rudenko, A.M. Romanenko, S.P. Pasiechnikov, M.V. Mitchenko, O.V. Romashchenko, N.M. Taradiy","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.05.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.05.042","url":null,"abstract":"The research deals with the study of immuno-microbiological parallels of the genital tract in women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis with concomitant chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases. In addition to etiotropic antibacterial therapy, correction of the mucosal immunity state of the genital tract is crucial for the treatment of the disease and prevention of its recurrence. The purpose of the work was to investigate the contamination and state of local immunity of the genital tract in women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis with different clinical courses. Methods. 246 women of reproductive age suffering from acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis were studied, divided into three variants of the disease clinical course: group 1 - mild (n=105), group 2 - moderate (n=90), and group 3 - severe (n=51) courses. The scrapings of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal and washings from the vagina were obtained before the start of antimicrobial therapy. Quantitative determination of pathogens was carried out by sowing the biological material on solid nutrient environment. Identification of detached bacteria was carried out according to Bergeys. Mollicutes (Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis) were determined by the cultural-fermentative method using test systems and the polymerase chain reaction. Vaginal washings of 121 sick women were used for immunological studies. The levels of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, human β-defensin-2, immunoglobulins M, A, G, secretory IgA, lactoferrin, C3-component of complement, secretory component, and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined. The reference group consisted of 23 clinically healthy women. The Statistica 12.0 program package for Windows was used, and a difference of p<0.05 was considered verifi able. Results. In the majority of patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (85.6% of cases), concomitant chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases (colpitis, salpingitis, underlying medical condition of cervix) were observed. Classical bacteria were more often detected in vaginal washings of patients of all groups, while mollicutes were detected in scrapings of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, whereas the frequency of their detection increased with increase in the pyelonephritis severity. The analysis of indicators of local immunity determined disorders of mucosal immunity of the genital tract in the form of increased levels of myeloperoxidase, IgA, and IgG relative to reference values. The highest levels of lysozyme and myeloperoxidase were determined in patients with a severe course of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (by 5.3 and 3.6 times more, respectively), and the content of immunoglobulins A, M, and G in patients with a mild course of the disease (by 3.2, 3.1, and 4.0 times more, respectively). An increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor-α was detected in all patients, although no significant differences from controls were found in any group, but the highest median value was recorde","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"91 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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