Yersinia enterocolitica is a harmful bacterium transmitted through contaminated food, causing gastrointestinal illness and lymph node inflammation. The rise of drug-resistant strains of Y. enterocolitica poses a serious public health threat, necessitating research on its ecology, related species, and unique genes linked to virulence and antibiotic resistance. This study identified eight microorganisms similar to Y. enterocolitica and conducted a pan-genomic analysis, revealing specific genes exclusive to Y. enterocolitica. Enrichment analysis of these genes unveiled their involvement in antibiotic synthesis pathways, such as siderophore production, osmoregulated periplasmic glucan activation, and antibiotic resistance. These pathways, including biofilm formation and increased antibiotic tolerance, are vital for Yersinia’s virulence. Furthermore, specific genes related to glutamate metabolism, nitrogen regulation, motility, purine, and pyrimidine synthesis may contribute to Y. enterocolitica’s pathogenicity, growth, and virulence factor production. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the evolutionary relationship between Y. enterocolitica and similar species like Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella enterica, stressing the need to monitor Y. enterocolitica in slaughterhouses due to animal carriers. The study’s findings shed light on the ecological factors and genetic mechanisms driving Y. enterocolitica’s pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. Targeting genes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis, such as ushA, cpdB, and deoB, could be potential strategies for controlling pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the relationships and genetic interactions between Y. enterocolitica and related microorganisms is crucial for developing effective surveillance and management approaches in the future.
{"title":"Comparative Genomics, Phylogenetic and Functional Analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica, a Gastrointestinal Pathogen, with Other Soil-Borne Bacteria Causing Diseases","authors":"A.M. Al-Rawe, O.K.G. Al-Jomaily, Y.I. Yousif, S.A. Shaban, A.A. Suleiman","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.05.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.05.031","url":null,"abstract":"Yersinia enterocolitica is a harmful bacterium transmitted through contaminated food, causing gastrointestinal illness and lymph node inflammation. The rise of drug-resistant strains of Y. enterocolitica poses a serious public health threat, necessitating research on its ecology, related species, and unique genes linked to virulence and antibiotic resistance. This study identified eight microorganisms similar to Y. enterocolitica and conducted a pan-genomic analysis, revealing specific genes exclusive to Y. enterocolitica. Enrichment analysis of these genes unveiled their involvement in antibiotic synthesis pathways, such as siderophore production, osmoregulated periplasmic glucan activation, and antibiotic resistance. These pathways, including biofilm formation and increased antibiotic tolerance, are vital for Yersinia’s virulence. Furthermore, specific genes related to glutamate metabolism, nitrogen regulation, motility, purine, and pyrimidine synthesis may contribute to Y. enterocolitica’s pathogenicity, growth, and virulence factor production. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the evolutionary relationship between Y. enterocolitica and similar species like Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella enterica, stressing the need to monitor Y. enterocolitica in slaughterhouses due to animal carriers. The study’s findings shed light on the ecological factors and genetic mechanisms driving Y. enterocolitica’s pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. Targeting genes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis, such as ushA, cpdB, and deoB, could be potential strategies for controlling pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the relationships and genetic interactions between Y. enterocolitica and related microorganisms is crucial for developing effective surveillance and management approaches in the future.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.05.003
K.V. Avdiyuk, L.D. Varbanets
The specifics of the processing of livestock and poultry products is that in the process of obtaining the main marketable products, about half the feedstock at various stages of the technological process turns into waste that pollutes the environment. These by-products contain large amounts of the hard-to-digest keratin protein. The use of specific enzymes capable of degrading this protein helps not only to reduce the negative anthropogenic impact on nature but also to obtain valuable hydrolysates that can be used as a fertilizer for plants or a feed additive. The aim of this work was to study the ability of Bacillus megaterium UCM B-5710 to split various keratin-containing substrates: black and white chicken feathers, white turkey feathers, parrot feathers of various colors, sheep wool, pig bristles, and baby hair and nails. Methods. The culture was grown under conditions of submerged cultivation at 40 °C, with a nutrient medium stirring rate of 201 rpm for 6 days. For growth, a basic nutrient medium containing 0.5% defatted chicken feathers or other keratin-containing substrates as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen were used. Keratinase activity was assessed by UV absorption at 280 nm of hydrolysis products of keratin-containing raw materials. Protein was determined by the Lowry method, caseinolytic (total proteolytic) activity was determined by the Anson method modified by Petrova, and amino acid content was determined by the ninhydrin method. The degree of hydrolysis of the substrates was evaluated by the ratio of the initial and final weight of the substrate. Results. It was shown that the synthesis of keratinase by the culture of B. megaterium UCM B-5710 begins from the 6th hour of cultivation. The level of protein and proteolytic activity and the content of amino acids increased throughout the entire period of culture growth. The supernatant of the culture liquid of B. megaterium UCM B-5710 was most effective in splitting white chicken’s and turkey’s feathers, a little slower — feathers of black chicken and blue parrots, as well as wool of white sheep. According to the degree of splitting, the substrates used can be arranged in the following order: white turkey feathers > white chicken feathers > black chicken feathers > blue parrot feathers > white sheep wool > baby nails > pig bristle > baby hair. The study of the effect of feather color on the resistance to decomposition showed that black, blue, and red feathers are more resistant, which coincides with the literature data. Conclusions. B. megaterium UCM B-5710 produces keratinase capable of splitting both α- and β-keratins, however, with different efficiencies and rates.
{"title":"Substrate Specificity of Bacillus megaterium UСM B-5710 Keratinase","authors":"K.V. Avdiyuk, L.D. Varbanets","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"The specifics of the processing of livestock and poultry products is that in the process of obtaining the main marketable products, about half the feedstock at various stages of the technological process turns into waste that pollutes the environment. These by-products contain large amounts of the hard-to-digest keratin protein. The use of specific enzymes capable of degrading this protein helps not only to reduce the negative anthropogenic impact on nature but also to obtain valuable hydrolysates that can be used as a fertilizer for plants or a feed additive. The aim of this work was to study the ability of Bacillus megaterium UCM B-5710 to split various keratin-containing substrates: black and white chicken feathers, white turkey feathers, parrot feathers of various colors, sheep wool, pig bristles, and baby hair and nails. Methods. The culture was grown under conditions of submerged cultivation at 40 °C, with a nutrient medium stirring rate of 201 rpm for 6 days. For growth, a basic nutrient medium containing 0.5% defatted chicken feathers or other keratin-containing substrates as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen were used. Keratinase activity was assessed by UV absorption at 280 nm of hydrolysis products of keratin-containing raw materials. Protein was determined by the Lowry method, caseinolytic (total proteolytic) activity was determined by the Anson method modified by Petrova, and amino acid content was determined by the ninhydrin method. The degree of hydrolysis of the substrates was evaluated by the ratio of the initial and final weight of the substrate. Results. It was shown that the synthesis of keratinase by the culture of B. megaterium UCM B-5710 begins from the 6th hour of cultivation. The level of protein and proteolytic activity and the content of amino acids increased throughout the entire period of culture growth. The supernatant of the culture liquid of B. megaterium UCM B-5710 was most effective in splitting white chicken’s and turkey’s feathers, a little slower — feathers of black chicken and blue parrots, as well as wool of white sheep. According to the degree of splitting, the substrates used can be arranged in the following order: white turkey feathers > white chicken feathers > black chicken feathers > blue parrot feathers > white sheep wool > baby nails > pig bristle > baby hair. The study of the effect of feather color on the resistance to decomposition showed that black, blue, and red feathers are more resistant, which coincides with the literature data. Conclusions. B. megaterium UCM B-5710 produces keratinase capable of splitting both α- and β-keratins, however, with different efficiencies and rates.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.05.012
O.V. Gudzenko, V.O. Ivanytsia, L.D. Varbanets
The main interest in the study of marine microorganisms is due to their ability to produce a wide range of unique enzymes, including peptidases with different specificities. In recent years, interest has increased in peptidases that are able to cleave elastin as a specific substrate. Streptomyces fradiae and Bacillus thermoproteolyticus elastases are among the most potent elastolytic proteinases discovered to date because they are 4-8-fold more effective than pancreatic elastases. The disadvantages of these producers include the fact that most of them are pathogenic for humans, and the elastase enzyme secreted from them is directly involved in the initiation of the pathogenetic process. All this significantly limits the scope of their practical application. Therefore, the search for new, more effective, safe for humans’ producers continues to be an urgent question, taking into account the fact that there are no highly active elastase producers in Ukraine. Previously we found elastase activity in only 4 of the 10 studied isolates of bacteria from the Black Sea. Since among them, the elastase activity of the Bacillus sp. 051 was the highest, the aim of this work was to study the physicochemical properties and substrate specificity of the enzyme. Methods. We used methods of determining proteolytic (caseinolytic, elastolytic, fibrinolytic, fibrinogenolytic) activity. Protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method. The study of the effect of temperature on the enzymatic activity was carried out in the range from 4 to 70 °C and pH values from 2.0 to 12.0, created using 0.01 M phosphate-citrate buffer. Results. It has been shown that the growing temperature of 12°C is the most optimal for biosynthesis of enzyme by the culture of Bacillus sp. 051. The complex enzyme preparation capable of hydrolyzing elastin, casein and fibrinogen. The enzyme showed maximum activity in relation to elastin (3.65 U/mg). The optimum pH of the enzyme action is 8.0, the thermal optimum is 40°C. The rate of casein hydrolysis compared to elastin was 2.7 times lower and amounted to 1.35 U/mg. The complex enzyme preparation also hydrolyzed fibrinogen (1.16 U/mg). Conclusions. According to its physicochemical and catalytic properties, the representative of the Black Sea, Bacillus sp. 051 is promising for further research as an enzyme producer with elastolytic activity.
{"title":"Proteolitic Activity of Marine Strain Bacillus sp. 051","authors":"O.V. Gudzenko, V.O. Ivanytsia, L.D. Varbanets","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.05.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"The main interest in the study of marine microorganisms is due to their ability to produce a wide range of unique enzymes, including peptidases with different specificities. In recent years, interest has increased in peptidases that are able to cleave elastin as a specific substrate. Streptomyces fradiae and Bacillus thermoproteolyticus elastases are among the most potent elastolytic proteinases discovered to date because they are 4-8-fold more effective than pancreatic elastases. The disadvantages of these producers include the fact that most of them are pathogenic for humans, and the elastase enzyme secreted from them is directly involved in the initiation of the pathogenetic process. All this significantly limits the scope of their practical application. Therefore, the search for new, more effective, safe for humans’ producers continues to be an urgent question, taking into account the fact that there are no highly active elastase producers in Ukraine. Previously we found elastase activity in only 4 of the 10 studied isolates of bacteria from the Black Sea. Since among them, the elastase activity of the Bacillus sp. 051 was the highest, the aim of this work was to study the physicochemical properties and substrate specificity of the enzyme. Methods. We used methods of determining proteolytic (caseinolytic, elastolytic, fibrinolytic, fibrinogenolytic) activity. Protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method. The study of the effect of temperature on the enzymatic activity was carried out in the range from 4 to 70 °C and pH values from 2.0 to 12.0, created using 0.01 M phosphate-citrate buffer. Results. It has been shown that the growing temperature of 12°C is the most optimal for biosynthesis of enzyme by the culture of Bacillus sp. 051. The complex enzyme preparation capable of hydrolyzing elastin, casein and fibrinogen. The enzyme showed maximum activity in relation to elastin (3.65 U/mg). The optimum pH of the enzyme action is 8.0, the thermal optimum is 40°C. The rate of casein hydrolysis compared to elastin was 2.7 times lower and amounted to 1.35 U/mg. The complex enzyme preparation also hydrolyzed fibrinogen (1.16 U/mg). Conclusions. According to its physicochemical and catalytic properties, the representative of the Black Sea, Bacillus sp. 051 is promising for further research as an enzyme producer with elastolytic activity.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"28 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.04.034
М.Yu. Korbush, Т.M. Serhiichuk, Y. Yumyna, T.O. Borisova, G. Tolstanova
Particulate matter (PM), which is among the main components of polluted air, can contribute to the development of gastrointestinal diseases and alter the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolic properties. Objective. The study focuses on analyzing the influence of different concentrations of PM derived from the combustion of cottonwood (PMC) and medical masks (PMM) on the growth intensity, biofilm formation capability, and antibiotic susceptibility of lactose-positive Escherichia coli strain B906. Methods. The MPA medium was inoculated with a culture of E. coli B906 at a concentration of 105 CFU/mL, followed by the addition of PMC and PMM at concentrations of 18 μg/mL, 36 μg/mL, or 72 μg/mL. The growth intensity was determined by measuring the optical density using a spectrophotometer over a period of 72 h. To determine the number of viable cells and their ability to ferment lactose, seeding on the Endo medium was performed. The biofilm-forming ability was determined on polystyrene plates using a staining and desorption method. The antibiotic susceptibility (ampicillin, levomycetin, meropenem, norfloxacin, and ceftriaxone) was determined using the disc-diffusion method for 24, 48, and 72 h of cultivation. Results. Both PMC and PMM exerted suppressive effects on the growth of E. coli B906: at a concentration of 72 μg/mL, the biomass increase was virtually absent. The number of viable cells on the medium with PMC decreased by 1—2 orders of magnitude at concentrations of 18 μg/mL and 36 μg/mL compared to the control and by 6 orders of magnitude at a concentration of 72 μg/mL. At this concentration, no growth was observed at 48 and 72 h. PMM exerted bacteriostatic effects: when seeded on the Endo medium, the number of viable cells decreased by 1—2 orders of magnitude at concentrations of 18 μg/mL and 36 μg/mL from 24 to 72 h, and by 3—4 orders of magnitude at a concentration of 72 μg/mL. At 48 h cultivation, PMC stimulated biofilm formation at concentrations of 18 μg/mL and 36 μg/mL, while inhibiting it at a concentration of 72 μg/mL. In contrast, PMM reduced the biofilm density at all concentrations. Both types of PM induced resistance to ampicillin, but the effect was stronger for PMM, which also led to resistance to norfloxacin. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that both PMC and PMM have a direct impact on lactose-positive E. coli strain B906, reflected in decreased growth intensity at moderate and high concentrations (36 μg/mL and 72 μg/mL) and increased aggressiveness through reduced enzymatic activity, enhanced biofilm formation, and the emergence of resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and norfloxacin.
{"title":"Effect of Particulate Matter of Natural and Anthropogenic Origin on Growth Indicators and Sensitivity to Antibiotics of Escherichia coli B906","authors":"М.Yu. Korbush, Т.M. Serhiichuk, Y. Yumyna, T.O. Borisova, G. Tolstanova","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.04.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.04.034","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter (PM), which is among the main components of polluted air, can contribute to the development of gastrointestinal diseases and alter the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolic properties. Objective. The study focuses on analyzing the influence of different concentrations of PM derived from the combustion of cottonwood (PMC) and medical masks (PMM) on the growth intensity, biofilm formation capability, and antibiotic susceptibility of lactose-positive Escherichia coli strain B906. Methods. The MPA medium was inoculated with a culture of E. coli B906 at a concentration of 105 CFU/mL, followed by the addition of PMC and PMM at concentrations of 18 μg/mL, 36 μg/mL, or 72 μg/mL. The growth intensity was determined by measuring the optical density using a spectrophotometer over a period of 72 h. To determine the number of viable cells and their ability to ferment lactose, seeding on the Endo medium was performed. The biofilm-forming ability was determined on polystyrene plates using a staining and desorption method. The antibiotic susceptibility (ampicillin, levomycetin, meropenem, norfloxacin, and ceftriaxone) was determined using the disc-diffusion method for 24, 48, and 72 h of cultivation. Results. Both PMC and PMM exerted suppressive effects on the growth of E. coli B906: at a concentration of 72 μg/mL, the biomass increase was virtually absent. The number of viable cells on the medium with PMC decreased by 1—2 orders of magnitude at concentrations of 18 μg/mL and 36 μg/mL compared to the control and by 6 orders of magnitude at a concentration of 72 μg/mL. At this concentration, no growth was observed at 48 and 72 h. PMM exerted bacteriostatic effects: when seeded on the Endo medium, the number of viable cells decreased by 1—2 orders of magnitude at concentrations of 18 μg/mL and 36 μg/mL from 24 to 72 h, and by 3—4 orders of magnitude at a concentration of 72 μg/mL. At 48 h cultivation, PMC stimulated biofilm formation at concentrations of 18 μg/mL and 36 μg/mL, while inhibiting it at a concentration of 72 μg/mL. In contrast, PMM reduced the biofilm density at all concentrations. Both types of PM induced resistance to ampicillin, but the effect was stronger for PMM, which also led to resistance to norfloxacin. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that both PMC and PMM have a direct impact on lactose-positive E. coli strain B906, reflected in decreased growth intensity at moderate and high concentrations (36 μg/mL and 72 μg/mL) and increased aggressiveness through reduced enzymatic activity, enhanced biofilm formation, and the emergence of resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and norfloxacin.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.04.009
N. Tymoshok, О.А. Demchenko, V. Bityutskyy, S. Tsekhmistrenko, M. Kharchuk, О. Tsekhmistrenko
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using living cells is a promising and new tool in bionanotechnology. Chemical and physical methods are used to synthesize NPs, but biological methods are preferred because of their environmentally friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, simple, and efficient sources for high productivity and purity. Aim. To investigate the processes of bioreduction of selenite ions into nanoselenium by probiotic strains of lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum IMV B-7679 and L. casei IMV B-7280. Methods. Cultivation of lactobacilli L. plantarum IMV B-7679 and L. casei IMV B-7280 was carried out in vials (500 cm3) on a rotary shaker (220 rpm) at 30 °C for 2 days on the Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth nutrient medium. Sodium selenite was additionally added to the environment in different concentrations from 1 to 30 ppm by Se. The number of viable bacterial cells in 1 mL of suspension was determined by the method of limiting dilutions in the case of sowing aliquots on a nutrient medium containing 0.2% agar-agar. Cultures of L. plantarum IMV B-7679 or L. casei IMV B-7280 were grown in the liquid MRS broth medium with low pH in the presence or absence of Na2SeO3. The concentration of sodium selenite ranged from 1 to 30 ppm by Se level. The number of microorganisms was determined by inoculation (0.1 mL of suspension) in dense media on cups with MRS agar medium, and the seeding dose was 107 cells/Petri dish. The tolerance of lactobacilli to the selenite ions was evaluated by the decrease in the number of CFU when sowing aliquots taken from culture samples grown in the presence or absence of selenite. The results of the experiments were presented in CFU and transferred to Log CFU/cm3. The characteristics of Nano-Se were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results. It was found that after 48 h incubation in an MRS medium with the addition of sodium selenite from 1 to 30 ppm, the culture of L. plantarum IMV В-7679 was the most resistant. Thus, enrichment of the culture medium with 30 ppm of Se in the Na2SeO3 composition led to a decrease in the number of L. plantarum IMV B-7679 to 5.17 ± 0.09 Log CFU/cm3 against 4.41 ± 0.11 Log CFU/cm3 for L. casei IMV B-7280 in the control. The use of lower concentrations (1—3 ppm of Se in Na2SeO3) did not affect the change in morphology and cultural properties of L. plantarum IMV B-7679. The ability of L. casei IMV B-7280 and L. plantarum IMV B-7679 cultures to grow on MRSA nutrient medium in the presence of 3 ppm Se was shown. Higher tolerance to sodium selenite was found for L. plantarum IMV B-7679. Thus, increasing the concentration to 30 ppm of Se in the form of Na2SeO3 led to a decrease in the viability of only the culture of L. casei IMV B-7280. That is, the studied lactobacilli showed different ability to grow in the presence of selenite ions. The formation of round electron-dense granules sizing from 30 nm to 250 nm was observed using TEM. Both probiotic strains showed th
{"title":"Bionanotechnology of Selenite Ions Recovery into Nanoselenium by Probiotic Strains of Lactobacteria and Tolerance of Lactobacteria to Sodium Selenite","authors":"N. Tymoshok, О.А. Demchenko, V. Bityutskyy, S. Tsekhmistrenko, M. Kharchuk, О. Tsekhmistrenko","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using living cells is a promising and new tool in bionanotechnology. Chemical and physical methods are used to synthesize NPs, but biological methods are preferred because of their environmentally friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, simple, and efficient sources for high productivity and purity. Aim. To investigate the processes of bioreduction of selenite ions into nanoselenium by probiotic strains of lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum IMV B-7679 and L. casei IMV B-7280. Methods. Cultivation of lactobacilli L. plantarum IMV B-7679 and L. casei IMV B-7280 was carried out in vials (500 cm3) on a rotary shaker (220 rpm) at 30 °C for 2 days on the Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth nutrient medium. Sodium selenite was additionally added to the environment in different concentrations from 1 to 30 ppm by Se. The number of viable bacterial cells in 1 mL of suspension was determined by the method of limiting dilutions in the case of sowing aliquots on a nutrient medium containing 0.2% agar-agar. Cultures of L. plantarum IMV B-7679 or L. casei IMV B-7280 were grown in the liquid MRS broth medium with low pH in the presence or absence of Na2SeO3. The concentration of sodium selenite ranged from 1 to 30 ppm by Se level. The number of microorganisms was determined by inoculation (0.1 mL of suspension) in dense media on cups with MRS agar medium, and the seeding dose was 107 cells/Petri dish. The tolerance of lactobacilli to the selenite ions was evaluated by the decrease in the number of CFU when sowing aliquots taken from culture samples grown in the presence or absence of selenite. The results of the experiments were presented in CFU and transferred to Log CFU/cm3. The characteristics of Nano-Se were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results. It was found that after 48 h incubation in an MRS medium with the addition of sodium selenite from 1 to 30 ppm, the culture of L. plantarum IMV В-7679 was the most resistant. Thus, enrichment of the culture medium with 30 ppm of Se in the Na2SeO3 composition led to a decrease in the number of L. plantarum IMV B-7679 to 5.17 ± 0.09 Log CFU/cm3 against 4.41 ± 0.11 Log CFU/cm3 for L. casei IMV B-7280 in the control. The use of lower concentrations (1—3 ppm of Se in Na2SeO3) did not affect the change in morphology and cultural properties of L. plantarum IMV B-7679. The ability of L. casei IMV B-7280 and L. plantarum IMV B-7679 cultures to grow on MRSA nutrient medium in the presence of 3 ppm Se was shown. Higher tolerance to sodium selenite was found for L. plantarum IMV B-7679. Thus, increasing the concentration to 30 ppm of Se in the form of Na2SeO3 led to a decrease in the viability of only the culture of L. casei IMV B-7280. That is, the studied lactobacilli showed different ability to grow in the presence of selenite ions. The formation of round electron-dense granules sizing from 30 nm to 250 nm was observed using TEM. Both probiotic strains showed th","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85162473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.04.072
A. Kyrychenko, V. Burkot, I. Shcherbatenko
Giant viruses (GV) are widespread in various ecosystems and ecological niches of the biosphere, most commonly in marine and freshwater aquatic ecosystems and soils. These viruses infect protists, a paraphyletic group of various unicellular, syncytial, and protozoan multicellular eukaryotes that are not true animals, plants, or fungus. The morphologically and functionally diverse group of protists includes parasites, commensals, or mutualistic symbionts of eukaryots, as well as heterotrophs, autotrophs, and mixotrophs. These giant viruses are currently classified into several families: Mimiviridae, Pithoviridae, Pandoraviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and the Mollivirus genus. GVs of unicellular protists belonging to the Mimiviridae family mainly infect the species of the Acanthamoeba genus. In this review, we provide the available information concerning giant viruses of the Mimiviridae family infecting other protists. These viruses include: Phaeocystis globosa virus PgV-16T (PgV), Aureococcus anophagefferens virus (AaV), Bodo saltans virus (BsV), Chrysochromulina ericina virus (CeV), and Phaeocystis pouchetii virus (PpV), which infect phytoplanktonic protists, as well as a giant virus of microzooplanktonic species, the Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV). The review focuses on the major differences between these viruses and typical objects of current virology, their importance for understanding the evolutionary processes of genomes, genes, proteins, the biosynthetic and defense systems of organisms, as well as the important role of GV in regulating the aquatic microorganisms abundance and species diversity, carbon transfer and nutrient recycling in marine and freshwater reservoirs. Writing this review was motivated by the intention to inspire the interest of scientists in studying viruses as the most widespread biological creatures on Earth and ubiquitous symbiotic partners of all three domains of life.
{"title":"Giant DNA Viruses Infecting Unicellular Protists","authors":"A. Kyrychenko, V. Burkot, I. Shcherbatenko","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.04.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.04.072","url":null,"abstract":"Giant viruses (GV) are widespread in various ecosystems and ecological niches of the biosphere, most commonly in marine and freshwater aquatic ecosystems and soils. These viruses infect protists, a paraphyletic group of various unicellular, syncytial, and protozoan multicellular eukaryotes that are not true animals, plants, or fungus. The morphologically and functionally diverse group of protists includes parasites, commensals, or mutualistic symbionts of eukaryots, as well as heterotrophs, autotrophs, and mixotrophs. These giant viruses are currently classified into several families: Mimiviridae, Pithoviridae, Pandoraviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and the Mollivirus genus. GVs of unicellular protists belonging to the Mimiviridae family mainly infect the species of the Acanthamoeba genus. In this review, we provide the available information concerning giant viruses of the Mimiviridae family infecting other protists. These viruses include: Phaeocystis globosa virus PgV-16T (PgV), Aureococcus anophagefferens virus (AaV), Bodo saltans virus (BsV), Chrysochromulina ericina virus (CeV), and Phaeocystis pouchetii virus (PpV), which infect phytoplanktonic protists, as well as a giant virus of microzooplanktonic species, the Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV). The review focuses on the major differences between these viruses and typical objects of current virology, their importance for understanding the evolutionary processes of genomes, genes, proteins, the biosynthetic and defense systems of organisms, as well as the important role of GV in regulating the aquatic microorganisms abundance and species diversity, carbon transfer and nutrient recycling in marine and freshwater reservoirs. Writing this review was motivated by the intention to inspire the interest of scientists in studying viruses as the most widespread biological creatures on Earth and ubiquitous symbiotic partners of all three domains of life.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82402148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.04.021
T. Pirog, M. Ivanov, T. Shevchuk
Currently, the effectiveness of technologies for microbial surfactants, which are characterized by a complex of practically valuable physicochemical and biological properties is lower than that of synthetic analogues. To reduce the cost of these products of microbial synthesis, industrial waste is used as substrates for their biosynthesis. In previous studies, it has been established that surfactants synthesized by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 on crude glycerol have lower antimicrobial activity compared to that obtained on purified glycerol. The main approaches to the regulation of the biological activity of microbial surfactants are their post-fermentation chemical modification, as well as the improvement of producer strains by methods of metabolic and genetic engineering. In recent years, numerous studies have appeared on the co-cultivation of producers of antimicrobial compounds with competitive microorganisms (biological inductors), in response to the presence of which the antimicrobial activity of the final product increases. Aim. To study the effect of live and inactivated cells of Bacillus subtilis BT-2, as well as the corresponding supernatant, on the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity and the ability to destroy biofilms of A. calcoaceticus IМV B-7241 surfactants synthesized in a medium with glycerol of different degrees of purification. Methods. The A. calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 strain was grown in a liquid mineral medium with purified and crude glycerol, into which live and inactivated B. subtilis BT-2 cells as well as the supernatant after growing the B. subtilis BT-2 strain (2.5—10%, v/v) were added. Surfactants were extracted from the supernatant of the culture liquid with Folch’s mixture. Anti-adhesive activity and the degree of destruction of biofilms were determined by the spectrophotometric method, and antimicrobial activity — by the indicator of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The activity of enzymes of surface-active aminolipids biosynthesis (NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase) and glycolipids (phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-carboxylase, PEP-synthetase, PEP-carboxykinas, trehalose-phosphate synthase) was analyzed in cell-free extracts obtained after сells sonication. Results. It was established that the introduction of inactivated B. subtilis BT-2 cells and supernatant into the medium with both substrates did not affect the indicators of the surfactant synthesis, while in the presence of live cells of the B. subtilis BT-2 strain in the medium with purified glycerol, a decrease in the concentration of the final product by 1.5 times, and in the culture medium with crude glycerol — an increase by1.4 times were observed compared to the indicators with no inductor. The study of the antimicrobial activity of surfactants showed that the most effective of the used inductors (live, inactivated cells, supernatant) were live cells of B. subtilis BT-2. The introduction of B. subtilis BT-2 strain live cells into the cult
{"title":"Biological Activity of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 Surfactants Synthesized in the Presence of Competitive Bacteria Bacillus subtilis BT-2","authors":"T. Pirog, M. Ivanov, T. Shevchuk","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.04.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the effectiveness of technologies for microbial surfactants, which are characterized by a complex of practically valuable physicochemical and biological properties is lower than that of synthetic analogues. To reduce the cost of these products of microbial synthesis, industrial waste is used as substrates for their biosynthesis. In previous studies, it has been established that surfactants synthesized by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 on crude glycerol have lower antimicrobial activity compared to that obtained on purified glycerol. The main approaches to the regulation of the biological activity of microbial surfactants are their post-fermentation chemical modification, as well as the improvement of producer strains by methods of metabolic and genetic engineering. In recent years, numerous studies have appeared on the co-cultivation of producers of antimicrobial compounds with competitive microorganisms (biological inductors), in response to the presence of which the antimicrobial activity of the final product increases. Aim. To study the effect of live and inactivated cells of Bacillus subtilis BT-2, as well as the corresponding supernatant, on the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity and the ability to destroy biofilms of A. calcoaceticus IМV B-7241 surfactants synthesized in a medium with glycerol of different degrees of purification. Methods. The A. calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 strain was grown in a liquid mineral medium with purified and crude glycerol, into which live and inactivated B. subtilis BT-2 cells as well as the supernatant after growing the B. subtilis BT-2 strain (2.5—10%, v/v) were added. Surfactants were extracted from the supernatant of the culture liquid with Folch’s mixture. Anti-adhesive activity and the degree of destruction of biofilms were determined by the spectrophotometric method, and antimicrobial activity — by the indicator of the minimum inhibitory concentration. The activity of enzymes of surface-active aminolipids biosynthesis (NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase) and glycolipids (phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-carboxylase, PEP-synthetase, PEP-carboxykinas, trehalose-phosphate synthase) was analyzed in cell-free extracts obtained after сells sonication. Results. It was established that the introduction of inactivated B. subtilis BT-2 cells and supernatant into the medium with both substrates did not affect the indicators of the surfactant synthesis, while in the presence of live cells of the B. subtilis BT-2 strain in the medium with purified glycerol, a decrease in the concentration of the final product by 1.5 times, and in the culture medium with crude glycerol — an increase by1.4 times were observed compared to the indicators with no inductor. The study of the antimicrobial activity of surfactants showed that the most effective of the used inductors (live, inactivated cells, supernatant) were live cells of B. subtilis BT-2. The introduction of B. subtilis BT-2 strain live cells into the cult","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"188 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78996710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.04.058
O. Gudzenko, N. Borzova, L. Varbanets, I. Seifullina, О.E. Martsinko, О.A. Chebanenko
α-L-Rhamnosidase (α-L-rhamnoside-rhamnohydrolase EC 3.2.1.40) showing specificity for terminal α-1,2-, α-1,4- and α-1,6-linked rhamnose residues, which often present in glycoconjugates and synthetic glycosides, can be successfully used in biotechnology for the hydrolysis of rhamnopyranoside residues present in some bioflavonoids, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and other glycoconjugates. Previously, we have shown that a significant part of the coordination compounds of various metals act as effectors of the activity of α-L-rhamnosidases. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of a number of newly synthesized coordination compounds of Ge(IV) and Ba(II), (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) with gluconic acid on the activity of Penicillium tardum and Eupenicillium erubescens α-L-rhamnosidases. Methods. The objects of the study were Penicillium tardum and Eupenicillium erubescens α-L-rhamnosidases. α-L-Rhamnosidase activity was determined by the Davis method using naringin as a substrate. Coordination compounds Ge(IV) and Ba(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) ,and Zn(II) with gluconic acid were used as enzyme activity modifiers. The synthesized complexes correspond to the formulas [М(H2O)6][Ge2(OH)2(C6H8O7)2]·nH2O (М = Ba(1), n=2; Co(2), n=4; Ni(3), n=4; Cu(4), n=4; Zn(5), n=3). Results. The effect of coordination compounds 1-(5) on the activity of α-L-rhamnosidase in two strains of Penicillium tardum and Eupenicillium erubescens was studied depending on the exposure time and concentration of the effector. It was shown that compound (3) at a concentration of 0.01% (1 h incubation) led to a slight (by 5%) increase in the activity of P. tardum α-L-rhamnosidase. Compound 1 at a concentration of 0.1% led to a decrease in the activity of P. tardum α-L-rhamnosidase by 29% during the first hour, and after 24 h of incubation, a decrease in the inhibitory effect to 15% was noted. Compounds 2 and (4) activated the enzyme by 9-39% at 1h exposure. At a concentration of 0.1% and exposure time of 1 h, compound 1 increased the activity of E. erubescens α-L-rhamnosidase by 80%, while at a decrease in concentration to 0.01%, the activity increased only by 29%. In general, it should be noted that in most cases, an increase in the duration of incubation up to 24 h led to a decrease in the level of activation (or inhibition) and a return to the control values of enzyme activity. Conclusions. The variety of effects of metal coordination compounds on the activity of enzymes, depending on the nature of the cation and the origin of the enzyme, has been established. The involvement of Ba(II) had the greatest activating effect on the activity of E. erubescens α-L-rhamnosidase compared to other metals.
α- l -鼠李糖苷酶(α-L-rhamnoside-rhamnohydrolase EC 3.2.1.40)对末端α-1,2-、α-1,4-和α-1,6链鼠李糖残基具有特异性，通常存在于糖缀合物和合成糖苷中，可成功地用于生物技术中水解某些生物类黄酮、糖蛋白、糖脂和其他糖缀合物中的鼠李糖吡喃苷残基。在此之前，我们已经证明了相当一部分的金属配位化合物作为α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性的效应物。本文研究了新合成的Ge(IV)和Ba(II)、Co(II)、Ni(II)、Cu(II)、Zn(II)与葡萄糖酸配合物对延迟青霉和绿绿青霉α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性的影响。方法。研究对象为延迟青霉和绿绿正青霉α- l -鼠李糖苷酶。以柚皮苷为底物，采用Davis法测定α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性。以葡萄糖酸配位物Ge(IV)和Ba(II)、Co(II)、Ni(II)、Cu(II)和Zn(II)作为酶活性调节剂。合成的配合物对应于[М(H2O)6][Ge2(OH)2(C6H8O7)2]·nH2O (М = Ba(1)， n=2;有限公司(2),n = 4;倪(3),n = 4;铜(4)、n = 4;锌(5)、n = 3)。结果。研究了配位化合物1-(5)对两株延迟青霉和绿绿青霉α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性的影响，影响因素随作用时间和浓度的变化而变化。结果表明，化合物(3)在浓度为0.01%(孵育1 h)时，可使tardum α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性略有提高(5%)。化合物1在浓度为0.1%的条件下，在第一个小时内使tardum α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性降低29%，孵育24 h后，抑制作用降低15%。化合物2和(4)在暴露1h时激活酶9-39%。在浓度为0.1%、暴露时间为1 h时，化合物1可使紫芥α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性提高80%，而在浓度降低至0.01%时，活性仅提高29%。一般来说，应该注意的是，在大多数情况下，孵育时间延长至24小时，会导致激活(或抑制)水平下降，并使酶活性恢复到控制值。结论。金属配位化合物对酶活性的各种影响，取决于阳离子的性质和酶的来源，已经确定。与其他金属相比，Ba(II)的参与对红芥α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性的激活作用最大。
{"title":"Germanium (IV) Complexes with Gluconic Acid as Effectors of Penicillium tardum and Eupenicillium erubescens α-L-Rhamnosidases","authors":"O. Gudzenko, N. Borzova, L. Varbanets, I. Seifullina, О.E. Martsinko, О.A. Chebanenko","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.04.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.04.058","url":null,"abstract":"α-L-Rhamnosidase (α-L-rhamnoside-rhamnohydrolase EC 3.2.1.40) showing specificity for terminal α-1,2-, α-1,4- and α-1,6-linked rhamnose residues, which often present in glycoconjugates and synthetic glycosides, can be successfully used in biotechnology for the hydrolysis of rhamnopyranoside residues present in some bioflavonoids, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and other glycoconjugates. Previously, we have shown that a significant part of the coordination compounds of various metals act as effectors of the activity of α-L-rhamnosidases. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of a number of newly synthesized coordination compounds of Ge(IV) and Ba(II), (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) with gluconic acid on the activity of Penicillium tardum and Eupenicillium erubescens α-L-rhamnosidases. Methods. The objects of the study were Penicillium tardum and Eupenicillium erubescens α-L-rhamnosidases. α-L-Rhamnosidase activity was determined by the Davis method using naringin as a substrate. Coordination compounds Ge(IV) and Ba(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) ,and Zn(II) with gluconic acid were used as enzyme activity modifiers. The synthesized complexes correspond to the formulas [М(H2O)6][Ge2(OH)2(C6H8O7)2]·nH2O (М = Ba(1), n=2; Co(2), n=4; Ni(3), n=4; Cu(4), n=4; Zn(5), n=3). Results. The effect of coordination compounds 1-(5) on the activity of α-L-rhamnosidase in two strains of Penicillium tardum and Eupenicillium erubescens was studied depending on the exposure time and concentration of the effector. It was shown that compound (3) at a concentration of 0.01% (1 h incubation) led to a slight (by 5%) increase in the activity of P. tardum α-L-rhamnosidase. Compound 1 at a concentration of 0.1% led to a decrease in the activity of P. tardum α-L-rhamnosidase by 29% during the first hour, and after 24 h of incubation, a decrease in the inhibitory effect to 15% was noted. Compounds 2 and (4) activated the enzyme by 9-39% at 1h exposure. At a concentration of 0.1% and exposure time of 1 h, compound 1 increased the activity of E. erubescens α-L-rhamnosidase by 80%, while at a decrease in concentration to 0.01%, the activity increased only by 29%. In general, it should be noted that in most cases, an increase in the duration of incubation up to 24 h led to a decrease in the level of activation (or inhibition) and a return to the control values of enzyme activity. Conclusions. The variety of effects of metal coordination compounds on the activity of enzymes, depending on the nature of the cation and the origin of the enzyme, has been established. The involvement of Ba(II) had the greatest activating effect on the activity of E. erubescens α-L-rhamnosidase compared to other metals.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77944955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.04.066
G. Jandieri, D. Sakhvadze, B. Schukin
This mini-review is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the relatively rarely used underground bio-mining of natural minerals. On the basis of this analysis, it is substantiated that bacterial leaching technology has no alternative for environmentally safe and economically break-even mining of ore-bearing rocks and off -balance metal-bearing formations that are difficult to access, or unprofitable for traditional methods. It is emphasized that the efficiency of biotechnology depends on the accuracy of modeling and operational control of the working parameters of the process of biological extraction of metals, for which it is necessary to develop a new combined hydro-technical system with the possibility of the reverse technological influence on the regimes of leaching. Such controlled modes of the process are the intensity of forced aeration, pH level of the bacterial solution, amount of nutrient medium, and duration of leaching. To improve the accuracy of prediction and control of underground microbiological development, the use of a control method based on an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is recommended.
{"title":"Underground Development of Mineral Subsoil Using Microorganisms: A Mini-Review","authors":"G. Jandieri, D. Sakhvadze, B. Schukin","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.04.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.04.066","url":null,"abstract":"This mini-review is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the relatively rarely used underground bio-mining of natural minerals. On the basis of this analysis, it is substantiated that bacterial leaching technology has no alternative for environmentally safe and economically break-even mining of ore-bearing rocks and off -balance metal-bearing formations that are difficult to access, or unprofitable for traditional methods. It is emphasized that the efficiency of biotechnology depends on the accuracy of modeling and operational control of the working parameters of the process of biological extraction of metals, for which it is necessary to develop a new combined hydro-technical system with the possibility of the reverse technological influence on the regimes of leaching. Such controlled modes of the process are the intensity of forced aeration, pH level of the bacterial solution, amount of nutrient medium, and duration of leaching. To improve the accuracy of prediction and control of underground microbiological development, the use of a control method based on an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is recommended.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89405628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.04.003
N. Murali, S. G. Nair, E. Ibáñez-Arancibia, D. P.R, Los RÍOS-ESCALANTE, S. Kalidass
Current intensification of aquaculture where the organic loads with toxic compounds like NH3 and H2S shoot up beyond the level where naturally occurring bacteria cannot decompose the wastes has necessitated the use of probiotics. Objective. The objective was to use five different probiotics to treat ammonia and analyze the effects on water quality and changes in it in fishponds. Methods. Five different probiotic compositions were used, and the water quality was measured, mainly for ammonia concentration. Results. 5 different ponds located in the village of Agortha, Volta Region, Ghana, were treated with 5 different products simultaneously for 3 months. The concentration of ammonia has come to zero in 2 ponds with pH equal to 8. Conclusions. The results revealed that probiotics addition was efficient in decreasing the ammonia concentration in fishponds.
{"title":"Efficacy of Probiotics to Control Ammonia in Oreochromis Niloticus Fishponds in Volta Region, Ghana","authors":"N. Murali, S. G. Nair, E. Ibáñez-Arancibia, D. P.R, Los RÍOS-ESCALANTE, S. Kalidass","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Current intensification of aquaculture where the organic loads with toxic compounds like NH3 and H2S shoot up beyond the level where naturally occurring bacteria cannot decompose the wastes has necessitated the use of probiotics. Objective. The objective was to use five different probiotics to treat ammonia and analyze the effects on water quality and changes in it in fishponds. Methods. Five different probiotic compositions were used, and the water quality was measured, mainly for ammonia concentration. Results. 5 different ponds located in the village of Agortha, Volta Region, Ghana, were treated with 5 different products simultaneously for 3 months. The concentration of ammonia has come to zero in 2 ponds with pH equal to 8. Conclusions. The results revealed that probiotics addition was efficient in decreasing the ammonia concentration in fishponds.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"333 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77411424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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