Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.02.003
І.O. Hretskyi, H.Y. Drobot, B. Pet'ko, O. M. Gromozova, O. Kisten, Y. Gorgo
In recent years, one of the important goals is to develop information systems for continuously monitoring the biological impact of the variable geomagnetic field. This problem is of importance from the viewpoint of forecasting such global processes as climate changes as well. Objective. This study is focused on monitoring the intensity of the luminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum depending on the geomagnetic field fluctuations in an automated registration mode. Pilot studies were performed using the proposed automated system for recording changes in the bioluminescence of P. phosphoreum. Methods. P. phosphoreum UCM B-7071 bacteria were cultured in a liquid nutrient medium. The study of the influence of the geomagnetic field requires simultaneous automated long-term calculations in real time. For this, a complex for continuous cultivation of P. phosphoreum B-7071 bacteria was created. A program for information processing of bacterial luminescence datasets was developed. The data on geomagnetic field fluctuations from the Subbotin Institute of Geophysics NAS of Ukraine (the Subbotin IGPH) were synchronized with the period of registration of bioluminescence changes. Then the two datasets of the variables selected for chosen time intervals were processed. To evaluate the dependence of changes in the bacteria’s luminescence intensity on geomagnetic field fluctuations, the correlation coefficients of the obtained arrays of experimental data were calculated. Results. The results obtained show the sensitivity of the Photobacterium phosphoreum luminescence to fluctuations in the geomagnetic field. The used data sampling method made it possible to average the luminescence intensity values not only with 1-min resolution, but also with 1-hour, 3-hour, and other chosen resolutions. Conclusions. The analysis of changes in the luminescence intensity of P. phosphoreum bacteria due to geomagnetic field fluctuations, with input data being synchronized in time, revealed a positive correlation. Additional analysis is needed to obtain more essential evidence for the bioresponse to the impact of illustrative indicators of geomagnetic field stormy fluctuations. Actually, further analysis of luminescence intensity changes during large natural geomagnetic disturbances or via modeling of their action in the laboratory conditions is needed.
{"title":"Monitoring of Geomagnetic Field Fluctuations with Luminescent Bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum","authors":"І.O. Hretskyi, H.Y. Drobot, B. Pet'ko, O. M. Gromozova, O. Kisten, Y. Gorgo","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, one of the important goals is to develop information systems for continuously monitoring the biological impact of the variable geomagnetic field. This problem is of importance from the viewpoint of forecasting such global processes as climate changes as well. Objective. This study is focused on monitoring the intensity of the luminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum depending on the geomagnetic field fluctuations in an automated registration mode. Pilot studies were performed using the proposed automated system for recording changes in the bioluminescence of P. phosphoreum. Methods. P. phosphoreum UCM B-7071 bacteria were cultured in a liquid nutrient medium. The study of the influence of the geomagnetic field requires simultaneous automated long-term calculations in real time. For this, a complex for continuous cultivation of P. phosphoreum B-7071 bacteria was created. A program for information processing of bacterial luminescence datasets was developed. The data on geomagnetic field fluctuations from the Subbotin Institute of Geophysics NAS of Ukraine (the Subbotin IGPH) were synchronized with the period of registration of bioluminescence changes. Then the two datasets of the variables selected for chosen time intervals were processed. To evaluate the dependence of changes in the bacteria’s luminescence intensity on geomagnetic field fluctuations, the correlation coefficients of the obtained arrays of experimental data were calculated. Results. The results obtained show the sensitivity of the Photobacterium phosphoreum luminescence to fluctuations in the geomagnetic field. The used data sampling method made it possible to average the luminescence intensity values not only with 1-min resolution, but also with 1-hour, 3-hour, and other chosen resolutions. Conclusions. The analysis of changes in the luminescence intensity of P. phosphoreum bacteria due to geomagnetic field fluctuations, with input data being synchronized in time, revealed a positive correlation. Additional analysis is needed to obtain more essential evidence for the bioresponse to the impact of illustrative indicators of geomagnetic field stormy fluctuations. Actually, further analysis of luminescence intensity changes during large natural geomagnetic disturbances or via modeling of their action in the laboratory conditions is needed.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.02.093
O. Melnyk, M. Z. Vorobets, R. Fafula, I. Kovalenko, Z. Vorobets
To date, according to statistics, in Ukraine there is an increase in the number of infertile marriages. Many studies have emphasized the male factor of infertility Often, male infertility is the result of a previous infectious disease or an acute genital inflammation. Microorganisms that infect sperm usually persist in the urinary tract as a monoinfection or form associations. Microorganisms in biofilms are able to acquire new, not yet studied, properties. Persistence of pathogens in the urogenital tract of men triggers several mechanisms of the pathological action on sperm, the first of which is the infectious factor, directly related to the adhesion and resulting in a complete or partial decrease in the mobility and deformation of sperm. On the other hand, the development of the inflammatory process as a trigger of an immune response directed simultaneously against the infectious agent and the affected sperm. The increase in the number of leukocytes at the site of inflammation activates the secretion of biological substances which also have a damaging effect on sperm. The generalized data allow drawing a conclusion about the significant influence of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms as part of associations or monoinfection on the morphofunctional state of spermatozoa.
{"title":"Urogenital Infection as a Factor of Development of Male Infertility","authors":"O. Melnyk, M. Z. Vorobets, R. Fafula, I. Kovalenko, Z. Vorobets","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.02.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.02.093","url":null,"abstract":"To date, according to statistics, in Ukraine there is an increase in the number of infertile marriages. Many studies have emphasized the male factor of infertility Often, male infertility is the result of a previous infectious disease or an acute genital inflammation. Microorganisms that infect sperm usually persist in the urinary tract as a monoinfection or form associations. Microorganisms in biofilms are able to acquire new, not yet studied, properties. Persistence of pathogens in the urogenital tract of men triggers several mechanisms of the pathological action on sperm, the first of which is the infectious factor, directly related to the adhesion and resulting in a complete or partial decrease in the mobility and deformation of sperm. On the other hand, the development of the inflammatory process as a trigger of an immune response directed simultaneously against the infectious agent and the affected sperm. The increase in the number of leukocytes at the site of inflammation activates the secretion of biological substances which also have a damaging effect on sperm. The generalized data allow drawing a conclusion about the significant influence of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms as part of associations or monoinfection on the morphofunctional state of spermatozoa.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85636474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.02.060
A. Pogribna, B.E. Haran, D. Starosyla, S. Rybalko, O. Deryabin, V.V. Syvak, D. Govsieiev
Immunoglobulins M (IgMs) are the evolutionally oldest class of antibodies in higher eukaryotes. This pool of antibodies is one of the first to appear in humans and begins to be-synthesized at the early stages of the neonatal period. Most of the repertoire of IgMs of the newborns consists of the so-called «natural», or «naive», antibodies synthesized by the body without external antigenic stimulation. In addition to the classical functions of human immunoglobulins M (such as antigen recognition and initiation of innate immune responses), antibodies of this class exhibit a variety of non-canonical functions. The non-canonical functions are the action of antibodies as agonists/antagonists of various receptors, cleavage of antigen due to the catalytic activity of IgM, direct inactivation of pathogens in the absence of effector cells and molecules, etc. The aim of this work was to study and compare the antiviral activity of total preparations of immunoglobulin M of newborns and adults, obtained from umbilical cord and venous blood sera, on the LLC-PK1 cell line model infected with the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). In addition, in the course of the studies, a decision was made to investigate the effect of combined preparations of immunoglobulin M on the change in signal transduction in the epidermal growth factor receptor as one of the mechanisms of TGEV internalization during infection of target cells. Methods. Highly purified preparations of total IgM of adults or newborns were obtained using the methodologies of sequential salt fractionation and affinity chromatography. This work used the model of the interaction of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus with cells of the LLC-PK1 line and the monitoring of changes in the phosphorylation state of the epidermal growth factor receptor of these cells during virus infection to study the effect of human IgM on the internalization of the virus and its interaction with the receptor system of the host cell. The degree of cytopathogenic effect of the virus was determined visually by changes in cell morphology. The mean infectious dose for transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the cell culture of the LLC-PK1 line was determined by the Reed-Muench method. Analysis of changes in the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor was performed using the Western-blot analysis method. Results. The addition of a total high-purified sample of human IgM reduces the degree of efficiency of TGEV infection of the LLC-PK1 cell line and modulates the phosphorylation levels of these cells. Conclusions. The total preparations of IgM obtained from human venous blood of adults and from umbilical cord blood of newborns can affect the internalization of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the LLC-PK1 cell line. The original model of virus (TGEV) — cell line (LLC-PK1) was applied and tested to study the effect of native total preparations of immunoglobulin M on the internalization of the virus into
{"title":"Both Maternal and Newborn IgMs Inhibit Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Internalization in LLC-PK1 Cells","authors":"A. Pogribna, B.E. Haran, D. Starosyla, S. Rybalko, O. Deryabin, V.V. Syvak, D. Govsieiev","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.02.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.02.060","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulins M (IgMs) are the evolutionally oldest class of antibodies in higher eukaryotes. This pool of antibodies is one of the first to appear in humans and begins to be-synthesized at the early stages of the neonatal period. Most of the repertoire of IgMs of the newborns consists of the so-called «natural», or «naive», antibodies synthesized by the body without external antigenic stimulation. In addition to the classical functions of human immunoglobulins M (such as antigen recognition and initiation of innate immune responses), antibodies of this class exhibit a variety of non-canonical functions. The non-canonical functions are the action of antibodies as agonists/antagonists of various receptors, cleavage of antigen due to the catalytic activity of IgM, direct inactivation of pathogens in the absence of effector cells and molecules, etc. The aim of this work was to study and compare the antiviral activity of total preparations of immunoglobulin M of newborns and adults, obtained from umbilical cord and venous blood sera, on the LLC-PK1 cell line model infected with the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). In addition, in the course of the studies, a decision was made to investigate the effect of combined preparations of immunoglobulin M on the change in signal transduction in the epidermal growth factor receptor as one of the mechanisms of TGEV internalization during infection of target cells. Methods. Highly purified preparations of total IgM of adults or newborns were obtained using the methodologies of sequential salt fractionation and affinity chromatography. This work used the model of the interaction of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus with cells of the LLC-PK1 line and the monitoring of changes in the phosphorylation state of the epidermal growth factor receptor of these cells during virus infection to study the effect of human IgM on the internalization of the virus and its interaction with the receptor system of the host cell. The degree of cytopathogenic effect of the virus was determined visually by changes in cell morphology. The mean infectious dose for transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the cell culture of the LLC-PK1 line was determined by the Reed-Muench method. Analysis of changes in the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor was performed using the Western-blot analysis method. Results. The addition of a total high-purified sample of human IgM reduces the degree of efficiency of TGEV infection of the LLC-PK1 cell line and modulates the phosphorylation levels of these cells. Conclusions. The total preparations of IgM obtained from human venous blood of adults and from umbilical cord blood of newborns can affect the internalization of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the LLC-PK1 cell line. The original model of virus (TGEV) — cell line (LLC-PK1) was applied and tested to study the effect of native total preparations of immunoglobulin M on the internalization of the virus into","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84841945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj85.02.037
S. G. Nair, Aaron Premnath Lipton, R. Rajamma, E. Ibáñez-Arancibia, P. R. De los Ríos-Escalante
The pathogens in fish generate alterations in physiology of fish with consequences in life function decreasing and death. Objective. To analyzed the response of ornamental fish Etroplus maculatus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) and Puntius ticto (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA1) and Enterobacter cloacae (EMS1). Methods. Strains of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA1) and Enterobacter cloacae (EMS1) were obtained from moribund individuals of Etroplus maculatus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) and Puntius ticto (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), also hemaglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, and hemoglobin in an erythrocyte, oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion, and histological studies were measured. Results. Hematological parameters (hemaglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, hemoglobin in an erythrocyte) denoted an inverse relation with bacterial infection for both species, which was supported by high oxygen consumption, high ammonium excretion, and cell damage showed using histological analysis. Conclusions. These results are similar to observations for inland water and marine fish under culture conditions. The artificial infection of two fish species with two pathogen bacteria generates effects in pathophysiology and can be used for the development of treatment approaches.
{"title":"Pathophysiological Changes in Response to the Pathogens Administered to Healthy Etroplus maculatus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) and Puntius ticto (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)","authors":"S. G. Nair, Aaron Premnath Lipton, R. Rajamma, E. Ibáñez-Arancibia, P. R. De los Ríos-Escalante","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj85.02.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.02.037","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogens in fish generate alterations in physiology of fish with consequences in life function decreasing and death. Objective. To analyzed the response of ornamental fish Etroplus maculatus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) and Puntius ticto (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA1) and Enterobacter cloacae (EMS1). Methods. Strains of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA1) and Enterobacter cloacae (EMS1) were obtained from moribund individuals of Etroplus maculatus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) and Puntius ticto (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), also hemaglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, and hemoglobin in an erythrocyte, oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion, and histological studies were measured. Results. Hematological parameters (hemaglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, hemoglobin in an erythrocyte) denoted an inverse relation with bacterial infection for both species, which was supported by high oxygen consumption, high ammonium excretion, and cell damage showed using histological analysis. Conclusions. These results are similar to observations for inland water and marine fish under culture conditions. The artificial infection of two fish species with two pathogen bacteria generates effects in pathophysiology and can be used for the development of treatment approaches.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80721443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.06.072
A. Kyrychenko, M. Bohdan, H. Snihur, I. Shcherbatenko
This review examines current knowledge on the prevalence of weeds and feral grass specie as possible reserves of plant viruses in the agroecosystems of Ukraine. Studies concerning mainly virus infection of wheat and barley and weeds distributed in the agrosystems of cereal crops and their impact on virus epidemiology have been summarized in this paper. In addition, great attention is focused on the primary sources of the main causative agents of wheat and barley viral diseases, namely Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), Winter wheat Russian mosaic virus (WWRMV), High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV), Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and Brome mosaic virus (BMV) as well as the main factors contributing to the spread of these viruses in agrocenoses.
{"title":"Weeds as Reservoirs of Viruses in Agrobiocenoses of Cereal Crops in Ukraine","authors":"A. Kyrychenko, M. Bohdan, H. Snihur, I. Shcherbatenko","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.06.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.06.072","url":null,"abstract":"This review examines current knowledge on the prevalence of weeds and feral grass specie as possible reserves of plant viruses in the agroecosystems of Ukraine. Studies concerning mainly virus infection of wheat and barley and weeds distributed in the agrosystems of cereal crops and their impact on virus epidemiology have been summarized in this paper. In addition, great attention is focused on the primary sources of the main causative agents of wheat and barley viral diseases, namely Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), Winter wheat Russian mosaic virus (WWRMV), High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV), Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and Brome mosaic virus (BMV) as well as the main factors contributing to the spread of these viruses in agrocenoses.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75449566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.06.038
T. Nyzhnyk, C.Ya. Kots, K. Kukol
Phytohormones are important in the main pathways of transduction of symbiotic signals between macro- and microsymbionts, and understanding of their participation in integration with other metabolic pathways, including prooxidant-antioxidant systems, is crucial in the formation of different-efficiency symbiotic systems. Aim. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA, 50 μM) and methyl jasmonate (MJ, 0.75 μM) as components of the cultivation media of different in the activity and virulence rhizobia 604k and B1-20 on the peculiarities of the formation of symbiotic systems in terms of intensity and activity of catalase, as well as on the course of nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, seed inoculation), physiological (vegetation experiment), biochemical (spectrophotometry, gas chromatography), and statistical. Results. It was found that the use of SA (50 μM) as an additional component of the culture medium of active rhizobia Tn5-mutant B1-20 for seed inoculation induces increased levels of peroxide production and catalase activity in soybean roots in the early stages of symbiosis, which contributes to the effectiveness of its symbiotic apparatus. Addition of MJ (0.75 μM) to the culture medium of rhizobia B1-20 does not affect changes in peroxide content and catalase activity in the roots, however, stimulates the processes of nodulation and reduces nitrogen fixation. It has been shown that modification of the cultivation medium of inactive rhizobia of the highly virulent strain 604k using SA (50 μM) or MJ (0.75 μM) does not change the peroxide content and leads to an increase in catalase activity in soybean roots during the formation of an ineffective symbiotic system with activation of nodulation processes. Conclusions. When using SA (50 μM) or MJ (0.75 μM) as components of the culture medium for rhizobia of different activity and virulence (604k and B1-20), differences were recorded in the levels of functioning of pro-antioxidant systems, in particular, in the production of peroxides and active catalase complexes, at the early stages of the formation of symbiotic systems of Glycine max — Bradyrhizobium japonicum, which affects the intensity of the processes of nodulation and nitrogen fixation.
{"title":"Influence of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid as Components of the Cultivation Medium for Rhizobium on Formation of Different-Efficiency Symbiotic Systems Glycine max — Bradyrhizobium japonicum","authors":"T. Nyzhnyk, C.Ya. Kots, K. Kukol","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.06.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.06.038","url":null,"abstract":"Phytohormones are important in the main pathways of transduction of symbiotic signals between macro- and microsymbionts, and understanding of their participation in integration with other metabolic pathways, including prooxidant-antioxidant systems, is crucial in the formation of different-efficiency symbiotic systems. Aim. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA, 50 μM) and methyl jasmonate (MJ, 0.75 μM) as components of the cultivation media of different in the activity and virulence rhizobia 604k and B1-20 on the peculiarities of the formation of symbiotic systems in terms of intensity and activity of catalase, as well as on the course of nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, seed inoculation), physiological (vegetation experiment), biochemical (spectrophotometry, gas chromatography), and statistical. Results. It was found that the use of SA (50 μM) as an additional component of the culture medium of active rhizobia Tn5-mutant B1-20 for seed inoculation induces increased levels of peroxide production and catalase activity in soybean roots in the early stages of symbiosis, which contributes to the effectiveness of its symbiotic apparatus. Addition of MJ (0.75 μM) to the culture medium of rhizobia B1-20 does not affect changes in peroxide content and catalase activity in the roots, however, stimulates the processes of nodulation and reduces nitrogen fixation. It has been shown that modification of the cultivation medium of inactive rhizobia of the highly virulent strain 604k using SA (50 μM) or MJ (0.75 μM) does not change the peroxide content and leads to an increase in catalase activity in soybean roots during the formation of an ineffective symbiotic system with activation of nodulation processes. Conclusions. When using SA (50 μM) or MJ (0.75 μM) as components of the culture medium for rhizobia of different activity and virulence (604k and B1-20), differences were recorded in the levels of functioning of pro-antioxidant systems, in particular, in the production of peroxides and active catalase complexes, at the early stages of the formation of symbiotic systems of Glycine max — Bradyrhizobium japonicum, which affects the intensity of the processes of nodulation and nitrogen fixation.","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87978019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.06.050
T. Pirog, D. Piatetska, V.I. Zhdanyuk, N. Leonova, T. Shevchuk
The efficiency of integrated microbial biotechnologies for obtaining several practically valuable metabolites in one technological process is determined both by the maximum concentration of these substances and their properties. This is especially true for secondary metabolites, the composition and properties of which vary depending on the cultivation conditions of the producer. Aim. To research the effect of tryptophan (a precursor of auxin biosynthesis) in the culture media on the synthesis of certain exometabolites by Rhodococcus erythropolis IMV Ac-5017, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMV B-7241, and Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 as well as their properties. Methods. R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017, A. calcoaceticus IMV B-724, and N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 were cultivated in a medium containing refined and waste sunflower oil, biodiesel waste, or ethanol as a carbon source. The concentration of tryptophan in the medium was 300 mg/L. Surfactants were extracted from the supernatant of the cultural liquid with a modified Folch mixture. Phytohormones were isolated from the supernatant by sequential extraction with organic solvents after surfactant extraction. Thin-layer chromatography was used for preliminary purification and concentration of phytohormones. Qualitative and quantitative determination of auxins was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of surfactants was analysed by the minimum inhibitory concentration. The activity of enzymes of surface-active glycoand aminolipids biosynthesis (phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase, phosphoenolcarboxykinase, and NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase) was determined spectrophotometrically during the oxidation of NADH or NADP. Results. It was found that the presence of tryptophan in the culture medium of the strains under study did not affect the number of synthesized surfactants, which was 1.80−1.90, 1.55−1.75, and 1.50−1.65 g/L, respectively. At the same time, cultivation of R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017, A. calcoaceticus IMV B-724, and N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 in the media with tryptophan increased the number of phytohormones: it was higher than the amount of phytohormones synthesized during cultivation without a precursor. The introduction of tryptophan into the culture medium of the strains was accompanied by the formation of surfactants. These compounds showed 2−4 times higher antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogenic bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens UCM B-1000, Pseudomonas syringae UCM B-1027T, Xanthomonas vesicatoria UCM B-1106, Pectobacterium carotovorum UCM B-1075T, Clavibacter michiganensis IMV B-102 and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato IMV B-9167) than compounds synthesized on a medium without a precursor. The antimicrobial activity of surfactants synthesized by A. calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 in the presence of tryptophan either did not change compared to that for surfactants obtained without tryptophan, or increased slightly. Data on the activity of surf
{"title":"Effect of Tryptophane on Synthesis of Certain Exometabolites by Bacteria of Genus Acinetobacter, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus and Their Properties","authors":"T. Pirog, D. Piatetska, V.I. Zhdanyuk, N. Leonova, T. Shevchuk","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.06.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.06.050","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of integrated microbial biotechnologies for obtaining several practically valuable metabolites in one technological process is determined both by the maximum concentration of these substances and their properties. This is especially true for secondary metabolites, the composition and properties of which vary depending on the cultivation conditions of the producer. Aim. To research the effect of tryptophan (a precursor of auxin biosynthesis) in the culture media on the synthesis of certain exometabolites by Rhodococcus erythropolis IMV Ac-5017, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus IMV B-7241, and Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 as well as their properties. Methods. R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017, A. calcoaceticus IMV B-724, and N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 were cultivated in a medium containing refined and waste sunflower oil, biodiesel waste, or ethanol as a carbon source. The concentration of tryptophan in the medium was 300 mg/L. Surfactants were extracted from the supernatant of the cultural liquid with a modified Folch mixture. Phytohormones were isolated from the supernatant by sequential extraction with organic solvents after surfactant extraction. Thin-layer chromatography was used for preliminary purification and concentration of phytohormones. Qualitative and quantitative determination of auxins was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of surfactants was analysed by the minimum inhibitory concentration. The activity of enzymes of surface-active glycoand aminolipids biosynthesis (phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase, phosphoenolcarboxykinase, and NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase) was determined spectrophotometrically during the oxidation of NADH or NADP. Results. It was found that the presence of tryptophan in the culture medium of the strains under study did not affect the number of synthesized surfactants, which was 1.80−1.90, 1.55−1.75, and 1.50−1.65 g/L, respectively. At the same time, cultivation of R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017, A. calcoaceticus IMV B-724, and N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 in the media with tryptophan increased the number of phytohormones: it was higher than the amount of phytohormones synthesized during cultivation without a precursor. The introduction of tryptophan into the culture medium of the strains was accompanied by the formation of surfactants. These compounds showed 2−4 times higher antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogenic bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens UCM B-1000, Pseudomonas syringae UCM B-1027T, Xanthomonas vesicatoria UCM B-1106, Pectobacterium carotovorum UCM B-1075T, Clavibacter michiganensis IMV B-102 and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato IMV B-9167) than compounds synthesized on a medium without a precursor. The antimicrobial activity of surfactants synthesized by A. calcoaceticus IMV B-7241 in the presence of tryptophan either did not change compared to that for surfactants obtained without tryptophan, or increased slightly. Data on the activity of surf","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88505541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.06.016
T. V. Bulyhina, L. Pasichnyk, K. Garkava
Bacterial wetwood, bacterial dropsy, or bacterial slime is a common disease caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis, which affects the central core of many conifers and deciduous trees. Representatives of this species have been isolated from a variety of trees showing symptoms of the disease, as well as from water and, less commonly, from clinical samples. Important aspects of pathogenesis is the process of pathogen recognition and the protection mechanisms of bacterial cells from plant’s antimicrobial substances. It is known that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) take an active part in these processes. They provide the barrier function of the outer membrane, helping to protect bacteria from plant antimicrobial compounds, and the attachment of bacteria to plant cells. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of the chemical composition and functional and biological characteristics of Lelliottia nimipressuralis F9a1 LPS obtained by different methods. Methods. LPS was isolated from dry bacterial mass by phenol-water method (LPS I), extraction method with 0.85% NaCl solution (LPS II), and phenol-water extraction of LPS insoluble in NaCl solution (LPS III). The carbohydrates were analyzed by Dubois method, nucleic acids ‒ by Spirin, protein content ‒ by Lowry and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO) ‒ by Osborn. The identification of monosaccharides and fatty acids in LPS preparations was carried out on an Agilent 6890N/5973 inert chromato-mass spectrometry system. The pyrogenicity of LPS was tested keeping the rules of bioethics in rabbits. Serological studies were performed by the Ouchterlony method. Results. LPS II of L. nimipressuralis F9а1 was characterized by low relative yield (2.12%), low content of carbohydrates (9.16%) and nucleic acids (3.7%), and high protein content (26.44%), while the studied preparations of LPS I and LPS III were characterized by a high yield, a rather high content of carbohydrates (46.68 and 38.4%, respectively), an insignificant amount of protein (up to 6.72%) and nucleic acids (up to 4.06%). All LPSs contained up to 0.27% KDO, which is a specific component of the LPS of gramnegative bacteria. The monosaccharide composition indicates that the LPS of the studied L. nimipressuralis strains turned out to be heterogeneous. At the same time, such monosaccharides as fucose, galactose, and glucose were recorded in the LPS of all tested strains. The fatty acid composition of LPS was represented by the presence of fatty acids containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Нydroxylated, saturated, and monounsaturated acids were found. In LPS I and LPS III, the dominant fatty acid was 14:0 (3-OH), which is a kind of marker for the entire family of Enterobacteriaceae. In addition to the marker acid, a 16:1 acid was also predominant in LPS III, whereas in LPS II, 16:1 (32.7%) and 16:0 (22.6%) fatty acids dominated. The pyrogenic effect of L. nimipressuralis LPS studied showed that LPS solutions are pyrogenic. The serological studie
{"title":"https://microbiolj.org.ua/en/archiv/2022-tom-84/6-nov-dec-tom-84/2022-84-6-02","authors":"T. V. Bulyhina, L. Pasichnyk, K. Garkava","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.06.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wetwood, bacterial dropsy, or bacterial slime is a common disease caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis, which affects the central core of many conifers and deciduous trees. Representatives of this species have been isolated from a variety of trees showing symptoms of the disease, as well as from water and, less commonly, from clinical samples. Important aspects of pathogenesis is the process of pathogen recognition and the protection mechanisms of bacterial cells from plant’s antimicrobial substances. It is known that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) take an active part in these processes. They provide the barrier function of the outer membrane, helping to protect bacteria from plant antimicrobial compounds, and the attachment of bacteria to plant cells. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of the chemical composition and functional and biological characteristics of Lelliottia nimipressuralis F9a1 LPS obtained by different methods. Methods. LPS was isolated from dry bacterial mass by phenol-water method (LPS I), extraction method with 0.85% NaCl solution (LPS II), and phenol-water extraction of LPS insoluble in NaCl solution (LPS III). The carbohydrates were analyzed by Dubois method, nucleic acids ‒ by Spirin, protein content ‒ by Lowry and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO) ‒ by Osborn. The identification of monosaccharides and fatty acids in LPS preparations was carried out on an Agilent 6890N/5973 inert chromato-mass spectrometry system. The pyrogenicity of LPS was tested keeping the rules of bioethics in rabbits. Serological studies were performed by the Ouchterlony method. Results. LPS II of L. nimipressuralis F9а1 was characterized by low relative yield (2.12%), low content of carbohydrates (9.16%) and nucleic acids (3.7%), and high protein content (26.44%), while the studied preparations of LPS I and LPS III were characterized by a high yield, a rather high content of carbohydrates (46.68 and 38.4%, respectively), an insignificant amount of protein (up to 6.72%) and nucleic acids (up to 4.06%). All LPSs contained up to 0.27% KDO, which is a specific component of the LPS of gramnegative bacteria. The monosaccharide composition indicates that the LPS of the studied L. nimipressuralis strains turned out to be heterogeneous. At the same time, such monosaccharides as fucose, galactose, and glucose were recorded in the LPS of all tested strains. The fatty acid composition of LPS was represented by the presence of fatty acids containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Нydroxylated, saturated, and monounsaturated acids were found. In LPS I and LPS III, the dominant fatty acid was 14:0 (3-OH), which is a kind of marker for the entire family of Enterobacteriaceae. In addition to the marker acid, a 16:1 acid was also predominant in LPS III, whereas in LPS II, 16:1 (32.7%) and 16:0 (22.6%) fatty acids dominated. The pyrogenic effect of L. nimipressuralis LPS studied showed that LPS solutions are pyrogenic. The serological studie","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74044654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.06.010
O. Gudzenko, V. Ivanytsia, L. Varbanets
The search for new producers of α-L-rhamnosidases and the study of their properties are constantly carried out, which makes it possible to identify enzymes with unique properties. Thus, the α-L-rhamnosidases producers of marine species of microorganisms can radically differ in habitat conditions from terrestrial ones. Previously, we have isolated the producers of α-L-rhamnosidases from a number of representatives of the Black Sea microbiota. However, the results of these studies did not allow us to isolate a strain promising for further study of the α-L-rhamnosidase synthesized by it. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to further search for effective producers of α-L-rhamnosidases among the microbiota of the Black Sea obtained from its different depths. Methods. Glycosidase activities were determined by the Romero and Davis methods. Results. The study of α-L-rhamnosidase activity in the dynamics of growth of 10 cultures isolated from the Black Sea showed that the only glycosidase activity, which was found on the third day of cultivation in six (07, 044, 050, 052, 054, 247) of ten cultures studied, was toward α-L-rhamnosidase. However, on the 5th day of cultivation, an increase (and in some strains, the appearance) of activity was noted in all tested cultures (from 0.01 to 0.12 U/mL). On the 7th day of cultivation, α-L-rhamnosidase activity in the supernatant of the culture liquid ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 U/mL. The highest activity (0.2 U/mL) was found in strain 052. On the 10th day of cultivation, the maximum activity (0.55 U/mL) was noted in culture 052 and slightly lower (0.35 U/mL, 0.28 U/mL, and 0.23 U/mL) in cultures 044, 050, and 054 respectively. Cultures 051, 020, and 247, which showed the same activity (0.1 U/mL), as well as 056 (0.09 U/mL) were an order of magnitude less active. The minimum activity was noted in culture 046 (0.03 U/mL). In the supernatant of the culture liquid of strain 07 on the 10th day of cultivation, α-L-rhamnosidase was absent at all. Since the highest α-L-rhamnosidase activity was found in the supernatants of culture liquids of 5 strains (044, 052, 054, 056, and 247), partially purified complex preparations of those α-L-rhamnosidases were obtained for further research. The study of the substrate specificity of complex enzyme preparations of α-L-rhamnosidases of strains 044, 051, 052, 056, and 247 on natural flavonoids, such as naringin, neohesperidin, and rutin, indicated that α-L-rhamnosidase obtained from strain 052 showed the highest activity on three investigated substrates: rutin, naringin (0.55 U/mL), and neohesperidin (0.52 U/mL). In addition to natural substrates, complex preparations of α-L-rhamnosidases of strains 052, 054, 056, and 247 also hydrolyzed synthetic derivatives of monosaccharides, such as p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. The maximum activity (0.15 U/mL) was noted in strain 052, whereas strain 044 was unable to hydrolyze synthetic substrates. Concl
寻找α- l -鼠李糖苷酶的新产物及其性质的研究不断进行，这使得鉴定具有独特性质的酶成为可能。因此，海洋微生物产生α- l -鼠李糖苷酶的条件可能与陆地微生物有根本的不同。以前，我们已经从黑海微生物群的一些代表中分离出α- l -鼠李糖苷酶的生产者。然而，这些研究结果并没有使我们能够分离出有希望进一步研究其合成的α- l -鼠李糖苷酶的菌株。因此，本研究的目的是在黑海不同深度的微生物群中进一步寻找α- l -鼠李糖苷酶的有效产菌。方法。糖苷酶活性采用Romero法和Davis法测定。结果。从黑海分离的10个培养物的生长动态中对α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性的研究表明，在培养的第3天，有6个(07、044、050、052、054、247)的糖苷酶活性为α- l -鼠李糖苷酶。然而，在培养的第5天，在所有测试的培养物中(从0.01到0.12 U/mL)，活性都有所增加(在某些菌株中，出现了增加)。培养第7天，培养液上清液α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性在0.02 ~ 0.2 U/mL之间。菌株052的活性最高，为0.2 U/mL。培养第10天，培养052的活性最高(0.55 U/mL)，培养044、050和054的活性分别略低(0.35 U/mL、0.28 U/mL和0.23 U/mL)。培养物051、020和247表现出相同的活性(0.1 U/mL)，而培养物056 (0.09 U/mL)的活性则低一个数量级。培养液046的活性最低(0.03 U/mL)。菌株07培养第10天的培养液上清中，α- l -鼠李糖苷酶完全不存在。5株菌株(044、052、054、056和247)的培养液上清液中α- l -鼠李糖苷酶活性最高，因此获得了这些α- l -鼠李糖苷酶的部分纯化复合物，供进一步研究。对菌株044、051、052、056和247复合酶制剂α- l -鼠李糖苷酶对柚皮苷、新橙皮苷和芦丁等天然黄酮类化合物的底物特异性研究表明，菌株052制备的α- l -鼠李糖苷酶对芦丁、柚皮苷(0.55 U/mL)和新橙皮苷(0.52 U/mL)三种底物的活性最高。除了天然底物外，菌株052、054、056和247的α- l-鼠李糖苷酶的复合制剂还能水解单糖的合成衍生物，如对硝基苯基-α- l-鼠李糖苷和对硝基苯基-β- d -葡萄糖苷。菌株052的活性最高(0.15 U/mL)，而菌株044不能水解合成底物。结论。从菌株052中获得的α- l -鼠李糖苷酶复合酶制剂具有进一步研究的前景。它们对芦丁、柚皮苷和新橙皮苷等三种天然底物以及对硝基苯基-α- l-鼠李糖苷和对硝基苯基-β- d -葡萄糖苷等单糖的合成衍生物均表现出最高的活性。
{"title":"Bacteria of the Black Sea are Producers of α-L-Rhamnosidase","authors":"O. Gudzenko, V. Ivanytsia, L. Varbanets","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"The search for new producers of α-L-rhamnosidases and the study of their properties are constantly carried out, which makes it possible to identify enzymes with unique properties. Thus, the α-L-rhamnosidases producers of marine species of microorganisms can radically differ in habitat conditions from terrestrial ones. Previously, we have isolated the producers of α-L-rhamnosidases from a number of representatives of the Black Sea microbiota. However, the results of these studies did not allow us to isolate a strain promising for further study of the α-L-rhamnosidase synthesized by it. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to further search for effective producers of α-L-rhamnosidases among the microbiota of the Black Sea obtained from its different depths. Methods. Glycosidase activities were determined by the Romero and Davis methods. Results. The study of α-L-rhamnosidase activity in the dynamics of growth of 10 cultures isolated from the Black Sea showed that the only glycosidase activity, which was found on the third day of cultivation in six (07, 044, 050, 052, 054, 247) of ten cultures studied, was toward α-L-rhamnosidase. However, on the 5th day of cultivation, an increase (and in some strains, the appearance) of activity was noted in all tested cultures (from 0.01 to 0.12 U/mL). On the 7th day of cultivation, α-L-rhamnosidase activity in the supernatant of the culture liquid ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 U/mL. The highest activity (0.2 U/mL) was found in strain 052. On the 10th day of cultivation, the maximum activity (0.55 U/mL) was noted in culture 052 and slightly lower (0.35 U/mL, 0.28 U/mL, and 0.23 U/mL) in cultures 044, 050, and 054 respectively. Cultures 051, 020, and 247, which showed the same activity (0.1 U/mL), as well as 056 (0.09 U/mL) were an order of magnitude less active. The minimum activity was noted in culture 046 (0.03 U/mL). In the supernatant of the culture liquid of strain 07 on the 10th day of cultivation, α-L-rhamnosidase was absent at all. Since the highest α-L-rhamnosidase activity was found in the supernatants of culture liquids of 5 strains (044, 052, 054, 056, and 247), partially purified complex preparations of those α-L-rhamnosidases were obtained for further research. The study of the substrate specificity of complex enzyme preparations of α-L-rhamnosidases of strains 044, 051, 052, 056, and 247 on natural flavonoids, such as naringin, neohesperidin, and rutin, indicated that α-L-rhamnosidase obtained from strain 052 showed the highest activity on three investigated substrates: rutin, naringin (0.55 U/mL), and neohesperidin (0.52 U/mL). In addition to natural substrates, complex preparations of α-L-rhamnosidases of strains 052, 054, 056, and 247 also hydrolyzed synthetic derivatives of monosaccharides, such as p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. The maximum activity (0.15 U/mL) was noted in strain 052, whereas strain 044 was unable to hydrolyze synthetic substrates. Concl","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76964527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.15407/microbiolj84.06.026
O. Kyrychenko, S. Omelchuk, A. Khrapova
The idea of the study was to use soybean lectin as a biologically active compound with a broad spectrum of action to spray soybean plants for stabilization of the formation and functioning of the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis as well as the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere microbiota against the background of seed treatment with chemical plant protection product Standak Top — an innovative pesticide with fungicidal and insecticidal activity for the control of major diseases and pests of soybean plants. Aim. To study the peculiarities of formation and functioning of soybean-rhizobium symbiosis as well as the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere microbiota under spraying plants with specific soybean seed lectin on the background of seed treatment with Standak Top and inoculation with nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b on the sowing day in the conditions of pot experiments with soil as a substrate. Methods. Physiological, microbiological, gas chromatography, and statistical methods were used. Results. It was shown that after seed treatment with Standak Top (1.5 L/ton of seeds) on the sowing day, there was observed suppression of the process of nodule formation on the roots in the period of soybean vegetative growth. The nitrogen-fixing activity of the symbiotic system was at the control level, while the functional activity of soil diazotrophs was suppressed (by 1.2—2.2 times). Spraying plants in the phase of two trifoliate leaves (V2) with soybean seed lectin (without pesticide) led to an increase in the total mass of nodules on the plant (by 1.5 and 1.9 times as well as by 2.3 and 2.0 times compared to the control of inoculation in the phase of three trifoliate leaves (V3) and beginning of pod formation (R3), respectively). The increase in the total mass of the symbiotic apparatus on soybean roots in the phases V3 and R3 respectively was by 1.4 and 1.5 times in comparison with seed treatment with Standak Top, and the mass of one nodule was higher by 1.3 and 1.6 times, respectively. Soybean seed lectin led to a signifi cant increase in the actual nitrogenase activity of the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis. It was 2.9 and 1.9 times higher compared to control of inoculation and 2.1 and 1.8 times compared to the variant of inoculation + pesticide in the V3 and R3 phases, respectively. The functional activity of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms did not change significantly. The use of soybean seed lectin against the background of the seed treatment with Standak Top and inoculation contributed to the stabilization and increase in the rhizobia nodulation ability, the suppression of which was due to the infl uence of such an anthropogenic factor as pesticides. Th ere was observed an increase in the number (by 1.6 and 1.2 times) and mass of root nodules (by 2.2 and 1.5 times and 1.4 and 1.2 times, respectively, compared to the controls of inoculation and inoculation + pesticide). Soybean seed lectin significantly increased the nitrogenase
{"title":"Realization of Nodulation and Nitrogen-Fixing Activities of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhizosphere Microbiota through Seed Treatment with Pesticide Standak Top and Spraying Plants with Soybean Seed Lectin","authors":"O. Kyrychenko, S. Omelchuk, A. Khrapova","doi":"10.15407/microbiolj84.06.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj84.06.026","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of the study was to use soybean lectin as a biologically active compound with a broad spectrum of action to spray soybean plants for stabilization of the formation and functioning of the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis as well as the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere microbiota against the background of seed treatment with chemical plant protection product Standak Top — an innovative pesticide with fungicidal and insecticidal activity for the control of major diseases and pests of soybean plants. Aim. To study the peculiarities of formation and functioning of soybean-rhizobium symbiosis as well as the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere microbiota under spraying plants with specific soybean seed lectin on the background of seed treatment with Standak Top and inoculation with nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b on the sowing day in the conditions of pot experiments with soil as a substrate. Methods. Physiological, microbiological, gas chromatography, and statistical methods were used. Results. It was shown that after seed treatment with Standak Top (1.5 L/ton of seeds) on the sowing day, there was observed suppression of the process of nodule formation on the roots in the period of soybean vegetative growth. The nitrogen-fixing activity of the symbiotic system was at the control level, while the functional activity of soil diazotrophs was suppressed (by 1.2—2.2 times). Spraying plants in the phase of two trifoliate leaves (V2) with soybean seed lectin (without pesticide) led to an increase in the total mass of nodules on the plant (by 1.5 and 1.9 times as well as by 2.3 and 2.0 times compared to the control of inoculation in the phase of three trifoliate leaves (V3) and beginning of pod formation (R3), respectively). The increase in the total mass of the symbiotic apparatus on soybean roots in the phases V3 and R3 respectively was by 1.4 and 1.5 times in comparison with seed treatment with Standak Top, and the mass of one nodule was higher by 1.3 and 1.6 times, respectively. Soybean seed lectin led to a signifi cant increase in the actual nitrogenase activity of the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis. It was 2.9 and 1.9 times higher compared to control of inoculation and 2.1 and 1.8 times compared to the variant of inoculation + pesticide in the V3 and R3 phases, respectively. The functional activity of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms did not change significantly. The use of soybean seed lectin against the background of the seed treatment with Standak Top and inoculation contributed to the stabilization and increase in the rhizobia nodulation ability, the suppression of which was due to the infl uence of such an anthropogenic factor as pesticides. Th ere was observed an increase in the number (by 1.6 and 1.2 times) and mass of root nodules (by 2.2 and 1.5 times and 1.4 and 1.2 times, respectively, compared to the controls of inoculation and inoculation + pesticide). Soybean seed lectin significantly increased the nitrogenase ","PeriodicalId":18628,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiolohichnyi zhurnal","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81771508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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