Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4598
Jose Ferreira, Gregori Kurtzman
Background: The objective of this retrospective study is to assess the minimal invasive technique for augmenting horizontal ridge or bone defects using biphasic calcium sulfate with hydroxyapatite bone cement. Methods: This study focused on 14 partially edentulous patients: 5 males and 9 females, aged between 36 and 82 years old. These patients were non-smokers and had no chronic diseases or received radiation treatment in the last 6 months. During their initial consultation, all patients underwent cone beam computed tomography. Horizontal bone augmentation was necessary for all patients to facilitate prosthetically driven implant surgery. Bond Apatite bone cement horizontal grafting was used for all patients, along with immediate or delayed implants (with or without immediate loading). One year after the final prosthetic placement, all cases were evaluated. The clinical progression of peri-implant volume and tissue quality was documented photographically, along with exams conducted every 6 months. The complete follow-up timeline for these cases ranged from 1 to 5 years. Results: A total of 34 implants were placed in the grafted zones, distributed among 14 patients. None of the patients reported any abnormal discomfort or swelling after surgery, and there were no infections or significant post-surgery complications noted. One year after the placement of various fixed prosthetic rehabilitations, all 100% of the implants remained stable with healthy peri-implant soft tissue and very satisfactory aesthetic results. Conclusion: The Bond Apatite bone cement has demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in reconstructing or augmenting horizontal defects and narrow ridges, increasing the available bone/soft tissue volume and soft enabling successful placement of implants, whether immediate or delayed, with or without immediate loading. Furthermore, the use of Bond Apatite resulted in minimal post-operative complications and an impressively low rate of postoperative infections, allowing for minimally invasive augmentation surgery, eliminating the need for extensive surgical flaps and free tension flap sutures typically associated with this type of procedure.
{"title":"Minimal invasive horizontal ridge augmentation with Calcium Sulfate bone cement: A case series","authors":"Jose Ferreira, Gregori Kurtzman","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4598","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The objective of this retrospective study is to assess the minimal invasive technique for augmenting horizontal ridge or bone defects using biphasic calcium sulfate with hydroxyapatite bone cement. Methods: This study focused on 14 partially edentulous patients: 5 males and 9 females, aged between 36 and 82 years old. These patients were non-smokers and had no chronic diseases or received radiation treatment in the last 6 months. During their initial consultation, all patients underwent cone beam computed tomography. Horizontal bone augmentation was necessary for all patients to facilitate prosthetically driven implant surgery. Bond Apatite bone cement horizontal grafting was used for all patients, along with immediate or delayed implants (with or without immediate loading). One year after the final prosthetic placement, all cases were evaluated. The clinical progression of peri-implant volume and tissue quality was documented photographically, along with exams conducted every 6 months. The complete follow-up timeline for these cases ranged from 1 to 5 years. Results: A total of 34 implants were placed in the grafted zones, distributed among 14 patients. None of the patients reported any abnormal discomfort or swelling after surgery, and there were no infections or significant post-surgery complications noted. One year after the placement of various fixed prosthetic rehabilitations, all 100% of the implants remained stable with healthy peri-implant soft tissue and very satisfactory aesthetic results. Conclusion: The Bond Apatite bone cement has demonstrated exceptional effectiveness in reconstructing or augmenting horizontal defects and narrow ridges, increasing the available bone/soft tissue volume and soft enabling successful placement of implants, whether immediate or delayed, with or without immediate loading. Furthermore, the use of Bond Apatite resulted in minimal post-operative complications and an impressively low rate of postoperative infections, allowing for minimally invasive augmentation surgery, eliminating the need for extensive surgical flaps and free tension flap sutures typically associated with this type of procedure.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4443
Chester Spatt
Several fundamental principles in economics help enhance our understanding of COVID-19, including opacity and externalities. COVID-19 is a contagious disease whose spread has been difficult to manage due to opacity, as the disease is contagious prior to the presence of symptoms and in some instances testing results for the disease require a considerable time lag before they become available. This highlights the importance of alternative testing strategies to limit the extent of opacity and to manage the costs associated with accurate testing. In addition to individual tests, such strategies would include testing employees in small groups and testing for concentration of the disease in wastewater. Diminishing returns to scale, depreciation, and shocks to the underlying disease also all play an important role in understanding the effectiveness of vaccines. Externalities are central to the mechanism for transmitting contagious diseases. The strength of the externality can be reduced potentially by various preventive measures such as social distancing and masking, though quantitative studies of the efficacy of such measures can be enhanced. Further, efforts to undertake randomized trial studies of various questions related to vaccines and prevention would be helpful, especially in light of the magnitude of economic costs that have been imposed by contagious disease, such as COVID-19. COVID-19 and other contagious diseases also have had considerable effects on the structure of the economy. This has resulted in great development of technologies to support online meetings and work and the ability to work remotely, which in turn highlights dramatic challenges to the five-day work week, the potential for stay-at-home work, the relationship between residential and office real estate and the value of contractual flexibility in the face of dramatic shocks. Some of the effects arise during the period of acute societal disease, while other aspects reflect long-term learning. The nature of societal shocks to work and income generation also has led to important questions regarding the use of societal resources and potential shocks to the overall macroeconomy.
{"title":"COVID-19 and the Principles of Economics","authors":"Chester Spatt","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4443","url":null,"abstract":"Several fundamental principles in economics help enhance our understanding of COVID-19, including opacity and externalities. COVID-19 is a contagious disease whose spread has been difficult to manage due to opacity, as the disease is contagious prior to the presence of symptoms and in some instances testing results for the disease require a considerable time lag before they become available. This highlights the importance of alternative testing strategies to limit the extent of opacity and to manage the costs associated with accurate testing. In addition to individual tests, such strategies would include testing employees in small groups and testing for concentration of the disease in wastewater. Diminishing returns to scale, depreciation, and shocks to the underlying disease also all play an important role in understanding the effectiveness of vaccines. Externalities are central to the mechanism for transmitting contagious diseases. The strength of the externality can be reduced potentially by various preventive measures such as social distancing and masking, though quantitative studies of the efficacy of such measures can be enhanced. Further, efforts to undertake randomized trial studies of various questions related to vaccines and prevention would be helpful, especially in light of the magnitude of economic costs that have been imposed by contagious disease, such as COVID-19. COVID-19 and other contagious diseases also have had considerable effects on the structure of the economy. This has resulted in great development of technologies to support online meetings and work and the ability to work remotely, which in turn highlights dramatic challenges to the five-day work week, the potential for stay-at-home work, the relationship between residential and office real estate and the value of contractual flexibility in the face of dramatic shocks. Some of the effects arise during the period of acute societal disease, while other aspects reflect long-term learning. The nature of societal shocks to work and income generation also has led to important questions regarding the use of societal resources and potential shocks to the overall macroeconomy.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134889845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4528
Laurie Smith, Mary Willis, Annette Feigenbaum, Gunter Scharer, Rebecca Mardach, Christian Hansen, Stephen Kingsmore
Many rare genetic conditions have effective interventions; however, without timely implementation, these conditions can progress to severe morbidity and even mortality. For the most relentlessly progressive conditions, a rapid molecular diagnosis alone is not sufficient to improve outcomes in these conditions. Frontline physicians are frequently unfamiliar with many of these conditions and their treatments. Additionally, the field of genetics is rapidly expanding and new conditions along with new interventions are being increasingly described. Here we present a review of the development and use of two linked automated systems developed to help overcome this problem. The first, GTR X (gene to treatment) has been developed to assist with the management of the acutely ill neonate infant or child in the neonatal or pediatric intensive care unit found to have a recognized genetic disease. Subsequently with expansion of newborn screening to potentially involve rapid next generation sequencing of newborns in parallel with the current analyte based newborn screening, we have developed an additional system, BeginNGS, intended to be used with currently available ACTion (ACT) sheets that will address both recommended confirmatory testing and initial interventions, particularly focusing on conditions that are not amenable to conventional newborn screening.
{"title":"Genome-to-Treatment and Begin Newborn Genomic Screening: A Review of System Guides for the Acute Management and Newborn Screening Follow-up of Genetic Disorders in Infants and Children","authors":"Laurie Smith, Mary Willis, Annette Feigenbaum, Gunter Scharer, Rebecca Mardach, Christian Hansen, Stephen Kingsmore","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4528","url":null,"abstract":"Many rare genetic conditions have effective interventions; however, without timely implementation, these conditions can progress to severe morbidity and even mortality. For the most relentlessly progressive conditions, a rapid molecular diagnosis alone is not sufficient to improve outcomes in these conditions. Frontline physicians are frequently unfamiliar with many of these conditions and their treatments. Additionally, the field of genetics is rapidly expanding and new conditions along with new interventions are being increasingly described. Here we present a review of the development and use of two linked automated systems developed to help overcome this problem. The first, GTR X (gene to treatment) has been developed to assist with the management of the acutely ill neonate infant or child in the neonatal or pediatric intensive care unit found to have a recognized genetic disease. Subsequently with expansion of newborn screening to potentially involve rapid next generation sequencing of newborns in parallel with the current analyte based newborn screening, we have developed an additional system, BeginNGS, intended to be used with currently available ACTion (ACT) sheets that will address both recommended confirmatory testing and initial interventions, particularly focusing on conditions that are not amenable to conventional newborn screening.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4560
Morton Tavel
For more than a century, we have encountered a condition—now called the “hyperventilation syndrome”—characterized primarily by breathlessness, lightheadedness or dizziness, weakness, numbness and tingling (paresthesias) and chest pain 1 ,2 . Rarely have organic diseases been found to account for the symptoms in such cases, and in the absence of effective recognition, symptoms usually persist. Contributing to the confusion, the hyperventilation syndrome has been given many names that include irritable heart, soldier's heart, Da Costa's syndrome effort syndrome, neurocirculatory asthenia and, more recently, panic disorder (panic attacks). These episodes occur in many persons under the stresses of daily living, but in those not overtly stressed, anxious or depressed, they may also appear in those who appear outwardly calm as they "bottle up" their feelings, possibly because of undeveloped or lack of acceptable emotional outlets. These episodes are surprisingly common, occurring with an estimated prevalence in the range of 10% of all general medical patients 2 . I have personally encountered them as an explanation or contributor to approximately 15% of patients applying for long-term disability. Most medical caregivers readily recognize acute hyperventilation attacks occurring under acute stress. However, chronic or recurrent hyperventilation problems often are unrecognized probably for a variety of reasons, including the frequent lack of obvious over-breathing, a tendency to focus on one or two complaints that alone are not particularly suggestive of hyperventilation, compounded by absence of discussion of the topic in healthcare schools and cursory coverage in medical textbooks.
{"title":"HYPERVENTILATION SYNDROME: WHAT EVERY CAREGIVER SHOULD KNOW","authors":"Morton Tavel","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4560","url":null,"abstract":"For more than a century, we have encountered a condition—now called the “hyperventilation syndrome”—characterized primarily by breathlessness, lightheadedness or dizziness, weakness, numbness and tingling (paresthesias) and chest pain 1 ,2 . Rarely have organic diseases been found to account for the symptoms in such cases, and in the absence of effective recognition, symptoms usually persist. Contributing to the confusion, the hyperventilation syndrome has been given many names that include irritable heart, soldier's heart, Da Costa's syndrome effort syndrome, neurocirculatory asthenia and, more recently, panic disorder (panic attacks). These episodes occur in many persons under the stresses of daily living, but in those not overtly stressed, anxious or depressed, they may also appear in those who appear outwardly calm as they \"bottle up\" their feelings, possibly because of undeveloped or lack of acceptable emotional outlets. These episodes are surprisingly common, occurring with an estimated prevalence in the range of 10% of all general medical patients 2 . I have personally encountered them as an explanation or contributor to approximately 15% of patients applying for long-term disability. Most medical caregivers readily recognize acute hyperventilation attacks occurring under acute stress. However, chronic or recurrent hyperventilation problems often are unrecognized probably for a variety of reasons, including the frequent lack of obvious over-breathing, a tendency to focus on one or two complaints that alone are not particularly suggestive of hyperventilation, compounded by absence of discussion of the topic in healthcare schools and cursory coverage in medical textbooks.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4580
Masami Okamoto
Metastasis is one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment today. Normal mammary epithelial cells are optimally supported by interaction with a soft matrix (microenvironment) with elastic modulus of about 800 Pa. However, after transformation, breast tissue becomes progressively stiffer and tumour cells become significantly more contractile and hyper-responsive to matrix elasticity. In addition, importantly, the cancer cells penetrate into blood vessel and enter the circulation during metastasis. The modulus of fluid such as blood or mucus has very low stiffness of around 50 Pa. For this reason, the critical association between cancer cell phenotype and the change of matrix rigidity with an order of magnitude smaller should be emphasizing. This review highlights the current understanding of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells in metastasis, and identified importance for investigation on artificial extracellular matrix with different viscoelastic properties, which is required to mimics in vivo microenvironment. The substrate damping coefficient (tand) as potential physical parameter emerged the important linkage to cellular motility, cancer stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction. Although further investigation is required to clarify the efficacy of environmental stimuli (tand) for tumors exhibiting stem cell-like properties, this review indicates that the cancer cells incubated on softer substrate might lead to express cancer stem cell biomarkers exhibiting high expression.
{"title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness of breast cancer cells: Effect of viscoelasticity of the substrate to mimics microenvironment","authors":"Masami Okamoto","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4580","url":null,"abstract":"Metastasis is one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment today. Normal mammary epithelial cells are optimally supported by interaction with a soft matrix (microenvironment) with elastic modulus of about 800 Pa. However, after transformation, breast tissue becomes progressively stiffer and tumour cells become significantly more contractile and hyper-responsive to matrix elasticity. In addition, importantly, the cancer cells penetrate into blood vessel and enter the circulation during metastasis. The modulus of fluid such as blood or mucus has very low stiffness of around 50 Pa. For this reason, the critical association between cancer cell phenotype and the change of matrix rigidity with an order of magnitude smaller should be emphasizing. This review highlights the current understanding of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells in metastasis, and identified importance for investigation on artificial extracellular matrix with different viscoelastic properties, which is required to mimics in vivo microenvironment. The substrate damping coefficient (tand) as potential physical parameter emerged the important linkage to cellular motility, cancer stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction. Although further investigation is required to clarify the efficacy of environmental stimuli (tand) for tumors exhibiting stem cell-like properties, this review indicates that the cancer cells incubated on softer substrate might lead to express cancer stem cell biomarkers exhibiting high expression.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134890118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4576
Pablo Sánchez, Belem Hernández, Felipe Sánchez
In the present text, it is exposed about the physical and mental health problems generated by the leadership style in Mexico with respect to work based on an analysis of the National Institute of Public Health and the World Health Organization, as well as a theoretical reflection. and empirical research on its possible causes and an analysis of a speech on the national and international implications of the phenomenon that has been called the great resignation and the silent resignation. Above all, the typology between the relationship that exists between the type of toxic leadership, both in its causes, theoretical, and explanatory models, as well as in the consequences and dynamic relationships of the organizational system and the implications in economic matters, and in the health of workers for the formulation and analysis of public policies, which implies challenges and opportunities.
{"title":"the Toxic leadership and burnout in Mexican organizations. A proposal for intervention from the perspective of workers.","authors":"Pablo Sánchez, Belem Hernández, Felipe Sánchez","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4576","url":null,"abstract":"In the present text, it is exposed about the physical and mental health problems generated by the leadership style in Mexico with respect to work based on an analysis of the National Institute of Public Health and the World Health Organization, as well as a theoretical reflection. and empirical research on its possible causes and an analysis of a speech on the national and international implications of the phenomenon that has been called the great resignation and the silent resignation. Above all, the typology between the relationship that exists between the type of toxic leadership, both in its causes, theoretical, and explanatory models, as well as in the consequences and dynamic relationships of the organizational system and the implications in economic matters, and in the health of workers for the formulation and analysis of public policies, which implies challenges and opportunities.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4495
Anoep Gopie
Lung tissue damage after pulmonary tuberculosis is common and can result in persistent pulmonary disability with negative influence on a patient’s quality of life. On the other hand, a COVID-19 infection in a previously treated tuberculosis patient with residual pulmonary abnormalities imposes an increased risk of death. On their own, both of these diseases can have a devastating effect on a patient’s pulmonary system and as such be the cause of disability or even death. In this case report of total atelectasis of the left lung due to obliteration of the left main bronchus after tuberculosis treatment, we present a pregnant patient, who despite a significant reduction in pulmonary function, managed to have a pregnancy with favorable outcome. Thereafter the patient even recovered from a COVID-19 infection, illustrating resilience of the human body.
{"title":"Total Unilateral Collapsed Lung- A Sequela of Pulmonary Tuberculosis- and Pregnancy Outcome","authors":"Anoep Gopie","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4495","url":null,"abstract":"Lung tissue damage after pulmonary tuberculosis is common and can result in persistent pulmonary disability with negative influence on a patient’s quality of life. On the other hand, a COVID-19 infection in a previously treated tuberculosis patient with residual pulmonary abnormalities imposes an increased risk of death. On their own, both of these diseases can have a devastating effect on a patient’s pulmonary system and as such be the cause of disability or even death. In this case report of total atelectasis of the left lung due to obliteration of the left main bronchus after tuberculosis treatment, we present a pregnant patient, who despite a significant reduction in pulmonary function, managed to have a pregnancy with favorable outcome. Thereafter the patient even recovered from a COVID-19 infection, illustrating resilience of the human body.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135360568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i10.4363
Marta Riquelme, Ruth Rodríguez
The clinical and genotypic characterization of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), has made great strides recently as a result of tremendous advancements in gene sequencing technologies. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex multisystem disease characterized by high clinical variability due to abnormalities in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Several genetic variants as well as environmental and hormonal factors have been identified, but the etiology of lupus is not fully understood yet. The ability of genome-wide association studies to scan thousands of individuals has enabled researchers to associate thousands of common variants to lupus. Common polymorphisms may jointly predispose to lupus, but their individual impact on the disease is minimal. It's becoming progressively more evident that rare mutations have a far higher influence. The role of rare variation in lupus has been the subject of intense research. Several approaches including genotyped-based follow-up of the variants in families, hierarchical screening, and imputation, have been applied to elucidate their functional involvement. Nevertheless, due to their rarity and the absence of standardized methodology, rare variants are still challenging to study. Most lupus patients present a polygenic form of the disease, which is defined by the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Still, certain lupus patients and patients with lupus-like phenotypes might be affected by monogenic lupus, a group of disorders largely caused by individual gene mutation abnormalities. Although monogenic lupus is rare, it has been associated with a sizable number of genes in a range of pathways, mostly resulting in early-onset phenotypes. The study of rare variants causing monogenic lupus has resulted in incredibly useful breakthroughs in our understanding of the function of rare variants in the disease, nonetheless further research is still required.
{"title":"Rare Variants in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Monogenic to Polygenic Disease","authors":"Marta Riquelme, Ruth Rodríguez","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i10.4363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i10.4363","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical and genotypic characterization of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), has made great strides recently as a result of tremendous advancements in gene sequencing technologies. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex multisystem disease characterized by high clinical variability due to abnormalities in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Several genetic variants as well as environmental and hormonal factors have been identified, but the etiology of lupus is not fully understood yet. The ability of genome-wide association studies to scan thousands of individuals has enabled researchers to associate thousands of common variants to lupus. Common polymorphisms may jointly predispose to lupus, but their individual impact on the disease is minimal. It's becoming progressively more evident that rare mutations have a far higher influence. The role of rare variation in lupus has been the subject of intense research. Several approaches including genotyped-based follow-up of the variants in families, hierarchical screening, and imputation, have been applied to elucidate their functional involvement. Nevertheless, due to their rarity and the absence of standardized methodology, rare variants are still challenging to study. Most lupus patients present a polygenic form of the disease, which is defined by the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Still, certain lupus patients and patients with lupus-like phenotypes might be affected by monogenic lupus, a group of disorders largely caused by individual gene mutation abnormalities. Although monogenic lupus is rare, it has been associated with a sizable number of genes in a range of pathways, mostly resulting in early-onset phenotypes. The study of rare variants causing monogenic lupus has resulted in incredibly useful breakthroughs in our understanding of the function of rare variants in the disease, nonetheless further research is still required.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In an attempt to avoid mesh-related complications, many authorities have described non-mesh repair of midline ventral hernias. We described rectus muscle repair (RMR) for ventral hernias in 1993, but we noticed that a limitation was the inability to repair large hernia defects. We now describe a modification of this technique that allows it to be used for larger defects. Methods: We report a case in which the modified RMR was used to repair a large ventral hernia. In the original RMR, sutures were placed through each rectus abdominis to approximate the muscles, thereby obliterating the linea alba and repairing the hernia. In this modification of the RMR, the hernia sac and the linea alba were imbricated and a vertical relaxing incision was made in each anterior rectus sheath, keeping the underlying muscle and posterior sheath intact. Results: This relaxing incision is a useful modification of the original RMR, especially where there is significant tension on the suture line. This patient had an uneventful recovery with no recurrence on clinical examination at his last clinical review 5 years post-operation. Conclusion: The modified RMR repair for ventral hernias is an acceptable alternative to mesh repair. It brings a low complication profile and avoids the burden of mesh-related complications.
{"title":"A Modification of the Rectus Muscle Repair for Repair Ventral Hernias: Case Report","authors":"Shamir Cawich","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4515","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In an attempt to avoid mesh-related complications, many authorities have described non-mesh repair of midline ventral hernias. We described rectus muscle repair (RMR) for ventral hernias in 1993, but we noticed that a limitation was the inability to repair large hernia defects. We now describe a modification of this technique that allows it to be used for larger defects. Methods: We report a case in which the modified RMR was used to repair a large ventral hernia. In the original RMR, sutures were placed through each rectus abdominis to approximate the muscles, thereby obliterating the linea alba and repairing the hernia. In this modification of the RMR, the hernia sac and the linea alba were imbricated and a vertical relaxing incision was made in each anterior rectus sheath, keeping the underlying muscle and posterior sheath intact. Results: This relaxing incision is a useful modification of the original RMR, especially where there is significant tension on the suture line. This patient had an uneventful recovery with no recurrence on clinical examination at his last clinical review 5 years post-operation. Conclusion: The modified RMR repair for ventral hernias is an acceptable alternative to mesh repair. It brings a low complication profile and avoids the burden of mesh-related complications.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135911622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MMP inhibition and antimicrobial properties are important in many applications in the field of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics to preserve the quality of dentin in a bond or to prevent reinfection and failure in root canal treated teeth. Many natural products are being explored for the above properties as they are safer compared to synthetic ones. Aim: Present study aims to check for the antibacterial action of a small onion and large onion peel extract against Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis),Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) , and also MMP inhibition. Materials and methods: Antibacterial efficacy of small onion and large onion peel extract was evaluated by determining MIC, MBC, and zone of inhibition against E. faecalis, and S. mutans biofilm. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis was performed for the identification of phytoconstituents present in ethanolic extract of small and large onion peel extract. Computational Drug Designing and Characterization of Phytocompounds present in the extract was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS) Profiling. Molecular docking (in-silico) was performed using AutoDock open source free software by using editing options and other default parameters. Results: Both Onion peel extracts had good antibacterial properties against both S mutans and E faecalis as determined by their MIC, MBC, and ZOI in this study. They were found to have many phytochemicals notably, β-sitosterol and quercetin. Small onion peel extract had greater quantities of β-sitosterol and quercetin than large onion peel extract. Molecular docking for enzymatic inhibition using in-silico docking study found that both the extracts have MMP2 & 9 inhibition equivalent to control Galardin.
{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial and MMP inhibitory properties of onion peel extracts","authors":"Anand Susila","doi":"10.18103/mra.v11i9.4225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i9.4225","url":null,"abstract":"MMP inhibition and antimicrobial properties are important in many applications in the field of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics to preserve the quality of dentin in a bond or to prevent reinfection and failure in root canal treated teeth. Many natural products are being explored for the above properties as they are safer compared to synthetic ones. Aim: Present study aims to check for the antibacterial action of a small onion and large onion peel extract against Enterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis),Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) , and also MMP inhibition. Materials and methods: Antibacterial efficacy of small onion and large onion peel extract was evaluated by determining MIC, MBC, and zone of inhibition against E. faecalis, and S. mutans biofilm. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis was performed for the identification of phytoconstituents present in ethanolic extract of small and large onion peel extract. Computational Drug Designing and Characterization of Phytocompounds present in the extract was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS) Profiling. Molecular docking (in-silico) was performed using AutoDock open source free software by using editing options and other default parameters. Results: Both Onion peel extracts had good antibacterial properties against both S mutans and E faecalis as determined by their MIC, MBC, and ZOI in this study. They were found to have many phytochemicals notably, β-sitosterol and quercetin. Small onion peel extract had greater quantities of β-sitosterol and quercetin than large onion peel extract. Molecular docking for enzymatic inhibition using in-silico docking study found that both the extracts have MMP2 & 9 inhibition equivalent to control Galardin.","PeriodicalId":18641,"journal":{"name":"Medical Research Archives","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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