E. Skrzypek, P. Repka, A. Stachurska-Swakoń, B. Barabasz-Krasny, K. Możdżeń
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aqueous extracts from the leaves of peppermint (Mentha ×piperita L.) on the seedlings and plants of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Different concentration of peppermint leaves extract: 1, 3, 5, 10, 15% was used to examine the growth (length), fresh and dry mass of common sunflower seedlings and plants watered peppermint extracts in phase of growth. We measured the length of seedlings and separated organs of plant: root, hypocotyl, epicotyl, petioles of the first row and remainder of the shoot. Additionally, we determined fresh and dry mass of these organs and cotyledons, leaves of the first order and remainder of the leaves. Depending on the concentration the aqueous extracts showed a stimulatory (low extract concentration) or inhibitory (high extract concentration) effect on growth, fresh and dry mass of common sunflower seedlings and plants.
{"title":"Seedlings growth of common sunflower under influence of peppermint extract","authors":"E. Skrzypek, P. Repka, A. Stachurska-Swakoń, B. Barabasz-Krasny, K. Możdżeń","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.159695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.159695","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aqueous extracts from the leaves of peppermint (Mentha ×piperita L.) on the seedlings and plants of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Different concentration of peppermint leaves extract: 1, 3, 5, 10, 15% was used to examine the growth (length), fresh and dry mass of common sunflower seedlings and plants watered peppermint extracts in phase of growth. We measured the length of seedlings and separated organs of plant: root, hypocotyl, epicotyl, petioles of the first row and remainder of the shoot. Additionally, we determined fresh and dry mass of these organs and cotyledons, leaves of the first order and remainder of the leaves. Depending on the concentration the aqueous extracts showed a stimulatory (low extract concentration) or inhibitory (high extract concentration) effect on growth, fresh and dry mass of common sunflower seedlings and plants.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"9 1","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71029291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Norouzi, F. Ghahremaninejad, A. Maassoumi, A. Maassoumi, S. R. Safavi
The genus Scorzonera with approximately 175 species is the largest genus within the Cichorieae tribe. This genus includes 55 species distributed in different parts of Iran, 17 species of which are endemic. Due to morphological similarity, the recognition of species is comparatively difficult, thus the anatomical characters can be taken into consideration. To study anatomical structure, the leaf samples were taken off from herbarium specimens and handmade cross-sections were prepared and stained with methyl green and carmine. Several slides were studied and photographed with light microscope. The results obtained from this research confirm the usefulness of leaf anatomy characters in the identification of most of the species studied. The study of anatomical characters of midrib and lamina of Podospermum and Pseudopodospermum subgenera confirms classification of the series and subgenera of this genus.
{"title":"Anatomical studies on Scorzonera (Asteraceae) species, subgenera Podospermum and Pseudopodospermum in Iran","authors":"M. Norouzi, F. Ghahremaninejad, A. Maassoumi, A. Maassoumi, S. R. Safavi","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.159694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.159694","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Scorzonera with approximately 175 species is the largest genus within the Cichorieae tribe. This genus includes 55 species distributed in different parts of Iran, 17 species of which are endemic. Due to morphological similarity, the recognition of species is comparatively difficult, thus the anatomical characters can be taken into consideration. To study anatomical structure, the leaf samples were taken off from herbarium specimens and handmade cross-sections were prepared and stained with methyl green and carmine. Several slides were studied and photographed with light microscope. The results obtained from this research confirm the usefulness of leaf anatomy characters in the identification of most of the species studied. The study of anatomical characters of midrib and lamina of Podospermum and Pseudopodospermum subgenera confirms classification of the series and subgenera of this genus.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"9 1","pages":"51-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71029189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clypeola is an annual genus from Brassicaceae with four (C. jonthlaspi, C. aspera, C. lappacea and C. dichotoma) species in Iran. These are plants of different habitats and found as early spring therophytes in semiarid regions of Iran. In this study 63 populations of Clypeola genus have been studied by 49 macro- and micromorphological features. Results were analyzed by use of multivariate statistical methods. Cluster analysis, factor analysis and ordination methods were applied. The result showed that such characters as pedicle, trichome, stamen, petal features and sculpture of fruit surface have valuable diagnostic in separating of these species. In present study it was also found that the use of seed surface character in not effective alone for taxa delimitation except of some C. jonthlaspi subspecies. Among leaf features, trichome ornamentations, their position and branching pattern are effective for species separation. Fruit hairs are of diagnostics importance in species separation too.
Clypeola是芸苔科的一年生属，在伊朗有四种(C. jonthlaspi, C. aspera, C. lappacea和C. dichotoma)。这些是不同生境的植物，在伊朗半干旱地区被发现为早春植物。本研究对63个山楂属居群进行了49个宏观和微观形态学特征的研究。采用多元统计方法对结果进行分析。采用聚类分析、因子分析和协调分析方法。结果表明，花梗、毛状体、雄蕊、花瓣特征和果面雕刻等特征对分种具有重要的诊断价值。在本研究中还发现，除了一些乔木亚种外，单独利用种子表面特征不能有效地划分类群。在叶片特征中，毛状纹饰的位置和分枝格局是物种分离的有效依据。果实毛在物种分离中也有诊断意义。
{"title":"Macro- and micromorphological studies of Clypeola species (Brassicaceae) in Iran","authors":"S. Abbasian, M. Keshavarzi","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.155350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.155350","url":null,"abstract":"Clypeola is an annual genus from Brassicaceae with four (C. jonthlaspi, C. aspera, C. lappacea and C. dichotoma) species in Iran. These are plants of different habitats and found as early spring therophytes in semiarid regions of Iran. In this study 63 populations of Clypeola genus have been studied by 49 macro- and micromorphological features. Results were analyzed by use of multivariate statistical methods. Cluster analysis, factor analysis and ordination methods were applied. The result showed that such characters as pedicle, trichome, stamen, petal features and sculpture of fruit surface have valuable diagnostic in separating of these species. In present study it was also found that the use of seed surface character in not effective alone for taxa delimitation except of some C. jonthlaspi subspecies. Among leaf features, trichome ornamentations, their position and branching pattern are effective for species separation. Fruit hairs are of diagnostics importance in species separation too.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"10 1","pages":"25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anatomy of Aylostera flavistyla, Mammillaria bocasana and Echinocactus grusonii stems was studied. Different trends of plants’ adaptation to condition of water deficit were identified. It was shown that the most drought-resistant plant is E. grusonii, and the less drought-tolerant is M. bocasana.
{"title":"Anatomical structure of the stem and drought resistance of Aylostera flavistyla, Mammillaria bocasana and Echinocactus grusonii","authors":"N. Nuzhyna, K. Baglay","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.155360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.155360","url":null,"abstract":"The anatomy of Aylostera flavistyla, Mammillaria bocasana and Echinocactus grusonii stems was studied. Different trends of plants’ adaptation to condition of water deficit were identified. It was shown that the most drought-resistant plant is E. grusonii, and the less drought-tolerant is M. bocasana.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"10 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The data of comparative-anatomical study of structure of stem bark of two vicarious species (Populus tremula L. and P. davidiana Dode) are represented in this article. Methodic of the study was traditional in anatomy of plants. It was established that having a great similarity in the structure of the bark, which is justified by belonging to the same genus of Populus L., nevertheless studied species differ clearly on the anatomical features of the bark. In particular, P. davidiana different from P. tremula by heterogeneous phellem in young stems, lack of sclereids in the primary bark, the formation of sclerenchyma already in the secondary phloem of one-year stem, as well as by lack of sclereids in secondary phloem in the bark of the trunk region.
{"title":"Anatomy of bark of Populus tremula L. and P. davidiana Dode in relation with their systematics","authors":"N. V. Shkuratova","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.155370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.155370","url":null,"abstract":"The data of comparative-anatomical study of structure of stem bark of two vicarious species (Populus tremula L. and P. davidiana Dode) are represented in this article. Methodic of the study was traditional in anatomy of plants. It was established that having a great similarity in the structure of the bark, which is justified by belonging to the same genus of Populus L., nevertheless studied species differ clearly on the anatomical features of the bark. In particular, P. davidiana different from P. tremula by heterogeneous phellem in young stems, lack of sclereids in the primary bark, the formation of sclerenchyma already in the secondary phloem of one-year stem, as well as by lack of sclereids in secondary phloem in the bark of the trunk region.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"10 1","pages":"125-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanol and chloroform extracts of five lichen species, Melanohalea exasperata, Physcia aipolia, Usnea florida, U. subfloridana and Xanthoria parietina. Antimicrobial activity in culture assays of these foliose and fruticose lichen extracts were examined against two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and the yeast Candida albicans using the paper disc method through determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The obtained results indicated the existence of different levels of antibiotic substances in the chloroform and the methanol extracts of the examined lichen species. The chloroform extracts of Usnea subfloridana showed the highest activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while the methanol extracts of this species were not active against these microorganisms. The chloroform extracts of the examined species exhibited more significant antimicrobial activity than the methanol extracts. None of the species were active against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the lichen extracts indicated a moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans, except for Physcia aipolia, which was not active.
{"title":"Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the lichens Physcia aipolia, Xanthoria parietina, Usnea florida, Usnea subfloridana and Melanohalea exasperata","authors":"G. Çobanoğlu, C. Sesal, B. Açikgöz, İ. Karaltı","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.155349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.155349","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanol and chloroform extracts of five lichen species, Melanohalea exasperata, Physcia aipolia, Usnea florida, U. subfloridana and Xanthoria parietina. Antimicrobial activity in culture assays of these foliose and fruticose lichen extracts were examined against two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and the yeast Candida albicans using the paper disc method through determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The obtained results indicated the existence of different levels of antibiotic substances in the chloroform and the methanol extracts of the examined lichen species. The chloroform extracts of Usnea subfloridana showed the highest activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while the methanol extracts of this species were not active against these microorganisms. The chloroform extracts of the examined species exhibited more significant antimicrobial activity than the methanol extracts. None of the species were active against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the lichen extracts indicated a moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans, except for Physcia aipolia, which was not active.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"8 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micromorphological peculiarities of the structure of vegetative and generative organs of Hyssopus officinalis were analyzed. The epidermis of H. officinalis reveals diacyctic stomata and external outgrowths: glandular and covering trichomes, as well as peltate essential oil glands. Capitate and bent indumentary (covering) trichomes occur on the stem, while on the leaves peltate glands, conical and bent uni- and multicellular trichomes were observed. On the calyx, in the midrib region, there are peltate glands while the ribs are densely covered with indumentary and glandular trichomes. The corolla’s adaxial surface is covered with long indumentary trichomes, with sparse peltate glands occurring on the margins. The highest density of essential oil peltate glands is found on the adaxial surface of the calyx upper lip (15.8±2.54 pcs./mm2) and on the leaf abaxial surface (13.6±2.40 pcs./mm2). Glands with the largest diameter (47.82±2.82 μm) are located on the leaf adaxial surface.
{"title":"Features of micromorphological structure of medicinal hyssop","authors":"L. Kotyuk","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.155362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.155362","url":null,"abstract":"Micromorphological peculiarities of the structure of vegetative and generative organs of Hyssopus officinalis were analyzed. The epidermis of H. officinalis reveals diacyctic stomata and external outgrowths: glandular and covering trichomes, as well as peltate essential oil glands. Capitate and bent indumentary (covering) trichomes occur on the stem, while on the leaves peltate glands, conical and bent uni- and multicellular trichomes were observed. On the calyx, in the midrib region, there are peltate glands while the ribs are densely covered with indumentary and glandular trichomes. The corolla’s adaxial surface is covered with long indumentary trichomes, with sparse peltate glands occurring on the margins. The highest density of essential oil peltate glands is found on the adaxial surface of the calyx upper lip (15.8±2.54 pcs./mm2) and on the leaf abaxial surface (13.6±2.40 pcs./mm2). Glands with the largest diameter (47.82±2.82 μm) are located on the leaf adaxial surface.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"10 1","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are represented results of the study on leaf shape and its morphological diversity of the Delphinium sergii Wissjul. which is an endemic species of Eastern Black Sea Coast and was introduced in the culture at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine. It is found that D. sergii is characterized by heterophylly and morphological variability of leaf blades which is manifested during ontogeny, in process of formation of its vegetative and generative shoots. The correlation of the dissection degree of the leaf blades with their formation and age has been established. More deeply dissected leaves are «older» while with complete laminas are more «younger». During the ontogenesis firstly occurs the complication of a simple lamina in seedlings by its division into segments. And, as a result, along the shoot the complication from lower to middle formations and further simplification of leaf structure in upper formation in generative individuals is observed. Formation of different by shape leaves in individuals of the same age stage as well as of the same age depends from conditions of lighting, soil moisture, crop density, and genetic heterogeneity, and therefore – from morphological plasticity of individuals in different conditions of growth.
{"title":"Morphological features of Delphinium sergii Wissjul. leaves in ontogeny","authors":"A. Gnatiuk","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.155367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.155367","url":null,"abstract":"There are represented results of the study on leaf shape and its morphological diversity of the Delphinium sergii Wissjul. which is an endemic species of Eastern Black Sea Coast and was introduced in the culture at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden NAS of Ukraine. It is found that D. sergii is characterized by heterophylly and morphological variability of leaf blades which is manifested during ontogeny, in process of formation of its vegetative and generative shoots. The correlation of the dissection degree of the leaf blades with their formation and age has been established. More deeply dissected leaves are «older» while with complete laminas are more «younger». During the ontogenesis firstly occurs the complication of a simple lamina in seedlings by its division into segments. And, as a result, along the shoot the complication from lower to middle formations and further simplification of leaf structure in upper formation in generative individuals is observed. Formation of different by shape leaves in individuals of the same age stage as well as of the same age depends from conditions of lighting, soil moisture, crop density, and genetic heterogeneity, and therefore – from morphological plasticity of individuals in different conditions of growth.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"10 1","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytopathogenic fungi interrupt the macromorphogenesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum) but biotic elicitors stimulate the nonspecific tolerance, growth and development of plant stems. It is shown that oxalic acid as a biotic elicitor and donor of nitric oxide signal molecule (sodium nitroprusside) stimulate stem growth in height and last leaves length, as well as grain quantity and productivity both in cv. ‘Poliska 90’ and cv. ‘Stolychna’ under Septoria tritici and Puccinia recondita infection in field trials. It is detected that the degree of infected leaf area decreased in both treated cultivars under Saari-Prescott scale. Cv. ‘Poliska 90’ is more sensitive to both fungal pathogens than cv. ‘Stolychna’, but elicitor influence on its architectonics was no less than on cv. ‘Stolychna’.
{"title":"The specifics of elicitor effect on Triticum aestivum macromorphogenesis under simultaneous lesion by Septoria tritici and Puccinia recondita","authors":"I. Zhuk, A. Dmitriev, G. Lisova","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.155369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.155369","url":null,"abstract":"Phytopathogenic fungi interrupt the macromorphogenesis of wheat (Triticum aestivum) but biotic elicitors stimulate the nonspecific tolerance, growth and development of plant stems. It is shown that oxalic acid as a biotic elicitor and donor of nitric oxide signal molecule (sodium nitroprusside) stimulate stem growth in height and last leaves length, as well as grain quantity and productivity both in cv. ‘Poliska 90’ and cv. ‘Stolychna’ under Septoria tritici and Puccinia recondita infection in field trials. It is detected that the degree of infected leaf area decreased in both treated cultivars under Saari-Prescott scale. Cv. ‘Poliska 90’ is more sensitive to both fungal pathogens than cv. ‘Stolychna’, but elicitor influence on its architectonics was no less than on cv. ‘Stolychna’.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"10 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anatomical and morphological features of 3-, 6- and 12-month Rebutia flavistyla and R. minuscula plants were analized. Increasing of the epidermal cells number per unit area and the thickening of their external walls are typical for the growth and development processes from 3- to 12-month ages. At this time hypodermis has emerged, sizes of the cortex and pith parenchyma cells have increased, the pith diameter-cortex thickness ratio have increased, the mucilage cells have emerged and their number increased, besides number of the vascular bundles and xylem elements in each bundle have growth. The slowing of the epidermal and parenchyma cells division and the intensification of their growth and stretching in 6-month age were noted. The differences in the anatomical structure of different species, that may have taxonomic significance, were observed.
{"title":"The genus Rebutia (Cactaceae): change of the anatomical and morphological characteristics during the pregenerative period","authors":"Galina V. Kalashnyk, Marina M. Gajdarzhy","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.155361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.155361","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical and morphological features of 3-, 6- and 12-month Rebutia flavistyla and R. minuscula plants were analized. Increasing of the epidermal cells number per unit area and the thickening of their external walls are typical for the growth and development processes from 3- to 12-month ages. At this time hypodermis has emerged, sizes of the cortex and pith parenchyma cells have increased, the pith diameter-cortex thickness ratio have increased, the mucilage cells have emerged and their number increased, besides number of the vascular bundles and xylem elements in each bundle have growth. The slowing of the epidermal and parenchyma cells division and the intensification of their growth and stretching in 6-month age were noted. The differences in the anatomical structure of different species, that may have taxonomic significance, were observed.","PeriodicalId":18663,"journal":{"name":"Modern Phytomorphology","volume":"11 1","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71026495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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