D. Dimova, D. Dobreva, V. Panayotova, L. Makedonski
Introduction: Algae are widely popular as dietary supplement. Furthermore, they can be a great source of antioxidants (pigments, alkaloids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, sulfated polysaccharides and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids etc.) and can be used instead of synthetic ones. The different nutrient compositions of algae depend on class, species, habitats, maturity, and environmental conditions. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the differences in the antioxidant activity (AOA) and total phenolic content (TPC) of macroalgae Ulva rigida from the Black Sea and microalgae Chlorella . In addition, the obtained results will show their potential as natural sources of antioxidants. Materials and Methods: The marine macroalgae Ulva rigida and the microalgae Chlorella were used to perform different solvent extracts, which were analyzed for antiradical activity and total phenol content. Results and Discussion: All analyzed extracts (methanol and ethanol) showed positive results of the DPPH test and TPC. Both methanol extracts of microalgae Chlorella and macroalgae Ulva rigida had higher scavenging effect on used radicals for antioxidant activity compared to both ethanol extracts of the same plant material. The results show high potential as natural source of antioxidants of both algae species due perhaps to the phenolic content and other compounds having antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Both Ulva rigida and Chlorella can be used as a source of antioxidants and phenolic acids, which can be added to new functional foods and supplements, as well as be the basis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
{"title":"DPPH antiradical activity and total phenolic content of methanol and ethanol extracts from macroalgae (Ulva rigida) and microalgae (Chlorella)","authors":"D. Dimova, D. Dobreva, V. Panayotova, L. Makedonski","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7369","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Algae are widely popular as dietary supplement. Furthermore, they can be a great source of antioxidants (pigments, alkaloids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, sulfated polysaccharides and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids etc.) and can be used instead of synthetic ones. The different nutrient compositions of algae depend on class, species, habitats, maturity, and environmental conditions. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the differences in the antioxidant activity (AOA) and total phenolic content (TPC) of macroalgae Ulva rigida from the Black Sea and microalgae Chlorella . In addition, the obtained results will show their potential as natural sources of antioxidants. Materials and Methods: The marine macroalgae Ulva rigida and the microalgae Chlorella were used to perform different solvent extracts, which were analyzed for antiradical activity and total phenol content. Results and Discussion: All analyzed extracts (methanol and ethanol) showed positive results of the DPPH test and TPC. Both methanol extracts of microalgae Chlorella and macroalgae Ulva rigida had higher scavenging effect on used radicals for antioxidant activity compared to both ethanol extracts of the same plant material. The results show high potential as natural source of antioxidants of both algae species due perhaps to the phenolic content and other compounds having antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Both Ulva rigida and Chlorella can be used as a source of antioxidants and phenolic acids, which can be added to new functional foods and supplements, as well as be the basis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116111273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tsvetkova, Silvia Mihaylova, Desislava Aleksandrova
Introduction Treatment of chronic diseases is a long-lasting and ongoing process that requires continuous pharmacotherapy. Adherence indicates the extent to which patient behaviour (in terms of medicine intake, diet compliance and change of life) corresponds to the advice received by a medical professional. Aim The aim of this article is to study and analyse the opinion of pharmacists, working in hospital and community pharmacies, on patients’ level of adherence to the prescribed drug therapy and to identify the leading socioeconomic, pharmacotherapeutic and pharmacoeconomic factors affecting adherence in patients with chronic diseases. Materials and Methods This national study was conducted in May 2020. Anonymous individual questionnaires were distributed to Masters of Pharmacy and assistant pharmacists. The survey was conducted online by a sociological method, using a Google form. Data was processed through software included in the Google forms. Charts were created with MS Excel and MS Word. Results The results confirm the European and global tendency towards a low level of patient adherence to drug therapies—84.7% of pharmacists responded that only half of the patients adhered to the therapy. Respondents reported the high price and low reimbursement rate of medicines as objective reasons for non-purchasing medicinal products (79.8%). Our survey results indicate that adherence to therapy in patients with chronic diseases in Bulgaria remains a significant issue due to various socioeconomic and pharmacotherapeutic factors. Conclusion Adherence to the prescribed pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving the therapeutic results.
{"title":"Analysis of factors affecting adherence to therapy in patients with chronic diseases","authors":"A. Tsvetkova, Silvia Mihaylova, Desislava Aleksandrova","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7457","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Treatment of chronic diseases is a long-lasting and ongoing process that requires continuous pharmacotherapy. Adherence indicates the extent to which patient behaviour (in terms of medicine intake, diet compliance and change of life) corresponds to the advice received by a medical professional. Aim The aim of this article is to study and analyse the opinion of pharmacists, working in hospital and community pharmacies, on patients’ level of adherence to the prescribed drug therapy and to identify the leading socioeconomic, pharmacotherapeutic and pharmacoeconomic factors affecting adherence in patients with chronic diseases. Materials and Methods This national study was conducted in May 2020. Anonymous individual questionnaires were distributed to Masters of Pharmacy and assistant pharmacists. The survey was conducted online by a sociological method, using a Google form. Data was processed through software included in the Google forms. Charts were created with MS Excel and MS Word. Results The results confirm the European and global tendency towards a low level of patient adherence to drug therapies—84.7% of pharmacists responded that only half of the patients adhered to the therapy. Respondents reported the high price and low reimbursement rate of medicines as objective reasons for non-purchasing medicinal products (79.8%). Our survey results indicate that adherence to therapy in patients with chronic diseases in Bulgaria remains a significant issue due to various socioeconomic and pharmacotherapeutic factors. Conclusion Adherence to the prescribed pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving the therapeutic results.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124440206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is severe, chronic autoimmune disease affecting mainly young active individuals, leading to disability and premature death. Recent studies have reported long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Among lncRNAs, the circular RNAs (circRNAs) gain growing scientific attention due to their stability in body fluids. This makes them suitable for new non-biomarkers for evaluation of SLE activity and promising therapeutic targets. Methods for detecting of circRNAs are evolving rapidly. The aim of this review is to present these techniques and their advantages and disadvantages.
{"title":"Detection techniques of circular RNAs as new biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"G. Mihaylova, M. Kosturkova, M. Radanova","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7375","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is severe, chronic autoimmune disease affecting mainly young active individuals, leading to disability and premature death. Recent studies have reported long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Among lncRNAs, the circular RNAs (circRNAs) gain growing scientific attention due to their stability in body fluids. This makes them suitable for new non-biomarkers for evaluation of SLE activity and promising therapeutic targets. Methods for detecting of circRNAs are evolving rapidly. The aim of this review is to present these techniques and their advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130613862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Kamchia Nature Complex is part of the wetlands of importance in Bulgaria and has a global significance for preserving Europe's unique freshwater swamp forests also known as flooded (floodplain) forests (Bulgarian, Turkish: longoz). Aim: The study aims to bring up to date the list of medicinal plants in the area of Kamchia Nature Complex and to create a present-day database of their ecological and biological characteristics, floral elements, conservation significance and status. In addition, this study is designed to collect data available on the healing properties, usable parts, and the groups of diseases these medicinal plants are applicable for. Materials and Methods: Field surveys were conducted during the 2013–2015 vegetation seasons applying enroute survey methods. Floristic analysis was performed by the Tolmachev's method (1974). Species were determined by “Flora of the Republic of Bulgaria” and “Identification. Guide to Higher Plants in Bulgaria”. Results and Discussion: We have identified 183 species of medicinal plants out of 435 species of higher plants. The established medicinal plants refer to 60 families and 150 genera. The prevailing biology type is the herbaceous perennial plants—102 species (56%). The mesophyte plants occupy dominant position in terms of moisture and humidity as a factor—91 species (50%). Floristic analysis reveals Eurasian geo-elements as being predominant—34 (19%), with 60 (33%) species of different types of Mediterranean distribution. Species of conservation significance represent 20% of medicinal plants. The established medicinal plants have more than 30 species of healing activities, one third of which is used primarily for treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Species in which the above ground portion of the plant is collected for its plant substance constitute half of the established medicinal plants. Conclusion: Survey results reveal a considerable variety of medicinal plants in Kamchia Natural Complex area. Тhey feature a variety of healing properties and are applicable for a wide range of diseases.
{"title":"Biodiversity and healing activities of medicinal plants in the area of Kamchia Nature Complex","authors":"D. Cherneva, Dobri Ivanov","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7515","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Kamchia Nature Complex is part of the wetlands of importance in Bulgaria and has a global significance for preserving Europe's unique freshwater swamp forests also known as flooded (floodplain) forests (Bulgarian, Turkish: longoz). Aim: The study aims to bring up to date the list of medicinal plants in the area of Kamchia Nature Complex and to create a present-day database of their ecological and biological characteristics, floral elements, conservation significance and status. In addition, this study is designed to collect data available on the healing properties, usable parts, and the groups of diseases these medicinal plants are applicable for. Materials and Methods: Field surveys were conducted during the 2013–2015 vegetation seasons applying enroute survey methods. Floristic analysis was performed by the Tolmachev's method (1974). Species were determined by “Flora of the Republic of Bulgaria” and “Identification. Guide to Higher Plants in Bulgaria”. Results and Discussion: We have identified 183 species of medicinal plants out of 435 species of higher plants. The established medicinal plants refer to 60 families and 150 genera. The prevailing biology type is the herbaceous perennial plants—102 species (56%). The mesophyte plants occupy dominant position in terms of moisture and humidity as a factor—91 species (50%). Floristic analysis reveals Eurasian geo-elements as being predominant—34 (19%), with 60 (33%) species of different types of Mediterranean distribution. Species of conservation significance represent 20% of medicinal plants. The established medicinal plants have more than 30 species of healing activities, one third of which is used primarily for treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Species in which the above ground portion of the plant is collected for its plant substance constitute half of the established medicinal plants. Conclusion: Survey results reveal a considerable variety of medicinal plants in Kamchia Natural Complex area. Тhey feature a variety of healing properties and are applicable for a wide range of diseases.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115865833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marieta Yovcheva-Stancheva, S. Zlateva, E. Borisova
Introduction: Altered mental status caused by certain acute poisonings creates barriers for effective doctor-patient communication and compromises the process of informed consent (IC) for treatment. A categorization of toxicological patients with regard to communication capacity would be helpful for practical purposes. Aim : This article has the following aims: characterization of toxicology patients with mental status altered by poisoning according to the etiology of intoxication; discussion of the impact of cerebral toxic syndrome on the capacity for effective communication between the doctor and the patient and for IC. Materials and Methods : A retrospective study of the medical documentation of 2088 patients with acute intoxications, treated in the Clinic of Intensive Treatment of Acute Intoxications and Toxicoallergies at Naval Hospital, Varna during the 2010–2013 period: case files, IC forms, was conducted. The R program package, version 3.4.2 (2017-09-28), was used for statistics. Results : Toxic cerebral syndrome was found in 966 cases of acute intoxication, 46% of all patients, with especially high percentages in the medicament, alcohol, and narcotics intoxication groups. Regaining lucid mental state was observed within 1 hour in 21.9% of patients, and for the rest, it took from 2 hours to 7 days. Only 1211 patients, or 58%, signed the admission IC form themselves. Conclusion : Characterization of acute intoxications with regard to capacity for effective doctor-patient communication is necessary because of the great percentage of patients with cerebrotoxic syndrome. Good knowledge of the specificity of toxicology patients and good communication skills of physicians can help the proper process of informed decisions of the patient.
{"title":"Characteristics of acute intoxications with regard to capacity for effective doctor-patient communication and competent informed decisions","authors":"Marieta Yovcheva-Stancheva, S. Zlateva, E. Borisova","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V7I2.7366","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Altered mental status caused by certain acute poisonings creates barriers for effective doctor-patient communication and compromises the process of informed consent (IC) for treatment. A categorization of toxicological patients with regard to communication capacity would be helpful for practical purposes. Aim : This article has the following aims: characterization of toxicology patients with mental status altered by poisoning according to the etiology of intoxication; discussion of the impact of cerebral toxic syndrome on the capacity for effective communication between the doctor and the patient and for IC. Materials and Methods : A retrospective study of the medical documentation of 2088 patients with acute intoxications, treated in the Clinic of Intensive Treatment of Acute Intoxications and Toxicoallergies at Naval Hospital, Varna during the 2010–2013 period: case files, IC forms, was conducted. The R program package, version 3.4.2 (2017-09-28), was used for statistics. Results : Toxic cerebral syndrome was found in 966 cases of acute intoxication, 46% of all patients, with especially high percentages in the medicament, alcohol, and narcotics intoxication groups. Regaining lucid mental state was observed within 1 hour in 21.9% of patients, and for the rest, it took from 2 hours to 7 days. Only 1211 patients, or 58%, signed the admission IC form themselves. Conclusion : Characterization of acute intoxications with regard to capacity for effective doctor-patient communication is necessary because of the great percentage of patients with cerebrotoxic syndrome. Good knowledge of the specificity of toxicology patients and good communication skills of physicians can help the proper process of informed decisions of the patient.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125116067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The publication presents the results of complex research and analysis of medicinal plain-like of flora of Ukraine. Lycopodiophyta of Ukraine includes four families: Lycopodiaceae (8 species – Diphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub, D. complanatum (L.) Holub, D. isseleri (Rouy) Holub, D. tristachyum (Pursh) Holub, D. zeilleri (Rouy) Holub, Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub, Lycopodium annotinum L., L. clavatum L.), Huperziacaeae (1 – Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & C. Mart.), Selaginellaceae (2 – Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring., Selaginella selaginoides (L.) C. Mart.) and Isoetaceae (1 – Isoetes lacustris L.). They have different contents of biologically active substances and all of these species are medicinal or semi-medicinal. The paper presents the characteristics of their distribution in Ukraine, resource importance, population structure, environmental protection status in Ukraine and Europe, main active substances, and medicinal properties.
该出版物提出了复杂的研究和分析乌克兰植物群的药用平原的结果。乌克兰的番茄双生植物包括四科:番茄科(8种)Holub, D. planatum (L.)Holub, D. isseleri (Rouy) Holub, D. tristachyum (Pursh) Holub, D. zeilleri (Rouy) Holub, Lycopodiella (L.)Holub，石竹，石竹)，石杉科(1 -石杉)Bernh。ex Schrank & C. Mart)，卷柏科(Selaginella helvetica (L.))春天。，卷柏(L.)(C. Mart.)和Isoetaceae (1 - Isoetes lacustris L.)它们具有不同的生物活性物质含量，所有这些物种都是药用或半药用的。本文介绍了其在乌克兰的分布特点、资源重要性、种群结构、乌克兰和欧洲的环境保护状况、主要活性物质和药用特性。
{"title":"A review of the medicinal Lycopodiophyta of Ukraine","authors":"T. Dvirna, V. Minarchenko, I. Tymchenko","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V6I1.6206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V6I1.6206","url":null,"abstract":"The publication presents the results of complex research and analysis of medicinal plain-like of flora of Ukraine. Lycopodiophyta of Ukraine includes four families: Lycopodiaceae (8 species – Diphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub, D. complanatum (L.) Holub, D. isseleri (Rouy) Holub, D. tristachyum (Pursh) Holub, D. zeilleri (Rouy) Holub, Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub, Lycopodium annotinum L., L. clavatum L.), Huperziacaeae (1 – Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & C. Mart.), Selaginellaceae (2 – Selaginella helvetica (L.) Spring., Selaginella selaginoides (L.) C. Mart.) and Isoetaceae (1 – Isoetes lacustris L.). They have different contents of biologically active substances and all of these species are medicinal or semi-medicinal. The paper presents the characteristics of their distribution in Ukraine, resource importance, population structure, environmental protection status in Ukraine and Europe, main active substances, and medicinal properties.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115694663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Modern analytical chemistry is heading to the side of the “Green Chemistry” approach. The implementation of the current approach is in the development of fast analytical methods that combine the determination of several compounds with the utilization of methods that do not generate wastes of organic solvents. Aim: The aim of the current work was to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of benzydamine hydrochloride (API) and methyl parahydroxybenzoate (preservative) in the dosage form. Materials and Methods: The development and validation of the proposed methodology were carried out. Results and Discussion: The validation parameters were determined; it was shown that the technique is robust, specific to determinable analytes. Conclusion: The developed technique can be used in control laboratories for the simultaneous determination of benzydamine hydrochloride and methyl parahydroxybenzoate in the finished dosage form of benzydamine.
{"title":"Development and validation of the method for simultaneous determination of benzydamine hydrochloride and methylparaben in benzydamine dosage form by GC","authors":"V. Chornyi, V. Georgiyants","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V6I1.6036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V6I1.6036","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Modern analytical chemistry is heading to the side of the “Green Chemistry” approach. The implementation of the current approach is in the development of fast analytical methods that combine the determination of several compounds with the utilization of methods that do not generate wastes of organic solvents. Aim: The aim of the current work was to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of benzydamine hydrochloride (API) and methyl parahydroxybenzoate (preservative) in the dosage form. Materials and Methods: The development and validation of the proposed methodology were carried out. Results and Discussion: The validation parameters were determined; it was shown that the technique is robust, specific to determinable analytes. Conclusion: The developed technique can be used in control laboratories for the simultaneous determination of benzydamine hydrochloride and methyl parahydroxybenzoate in the finished dosage form of benzydamine.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125155946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Trendafilova, Tatyana Benisheva, D. Sidjimova, Bilyana Polyakova
Introduction The UK decision to leave the European Union (BREXIT) has many potential consequences for the health of European citizens. One of the actions already taken has been the decision to move the location of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) from Canary Wharf in London to Amsterdam from April 2019. Aim The aim of this article is to analyze the EU criteria for the process of EMA relocation from London to Amsterdam based on the comparison of the EMA bids placed by the EU candidates and the indicators among those member states (MSs). Materials and Methods Documentary and analytical methods are used to provide scientific data on the decision of EMA relocation from London to Amsterdam and the consequences of BREXIT from a drug policy point of view. Many different indicators, like accommodation, living cost were compared and surveyed in the MSs. Results EU opened procedure for EMA relocation after BREXIT in 2017. A total of 19 cities have applied to host the EMA headquarters, including Bulgaria, with Amsterdam winning the battle. EMA is working with the Dutch authorities and the relocation of EMA to Amsterdam is a fact. Bulgaria, Hungary, and Croatia were the top three countries with the lowest possible living costs, and accommodation. Conclusion After EMA relocation to Amsterdam as a result of BREXIT, the pharmaceutical industry is dealing with significant implications in order not to lose its market access. Many innovative and generic medicines across the MSs updated their marketing authorizations due to the fact that the exclusion of the UK from all medicines authorization procedures should be finalised by the end of March 2019.
{"title":"BREXIT consequences - relocation of the European Medicines Agency","authors":"P. Trendafilova, Tatyana Benisheva, D. Sidjimova, Bilyana Polyakova","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V6I1.5976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V6I1.5976","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The UK decision to leave the European Union (BREXIT) has many potential consequences for the health of European citizens. One of the actions already taken has been the decision to move the location of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) from Canary Wharf in London to Amsterdam from April 2019. Aim The aim of this article is to analyze the EU criteria for the process of EMA relocation from London to Amsterdam based on the comparison of the EMA bids placed by the EU candidates and the indicators among those member states (MSs). Materials and Methods Documentary and analytical methods are used to provide scientific data on the decision of EMA relocation from London to Amsterdam and the consequences of BREXIT from a drug policy point of view. Many different indicators, like accommodation, living cost were compared and surveyed in the MSs. Results EU opened procedure for EMA relocation after BREXIT in 2017. A total of 19 cities have applied to host the EMA headquarters, including Bulgaria, with Amsterdam winning the battle. EMA is working with the Dutch authorities and the relocation of EMA to Amsterdam is a fact. Bulgaria, Hungary, and Croatia were the top three countries with the lowest possible living costs, and accommodation. Conclusion After EMA relocation to Amsterdam as a result of BREXIT, the pharmaceutical industry is dealing with significant implications in order not to lose its market access. Many innovative and generic medicines across the MSs updated their marketing authorizations due to the fact that the exclusion of the UK from all medicines authorization procedures should be finalised by the end of March 2019.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132735291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ivanova, Yozlem Hyusein, I. Slavov, Ivo Kumanov
Introduction Diosmin and hesperidin are commonly used flavonoids in the therapy of vascular diseases. Aim This study aimed to present an independent evaluation of the market status, quality and biopharmaceutical characteristics of diosmin- and hesperidin-containing oral tablet-products (DHCPs) on the Bulgarian market. Materials and Methods Seven products, among which medicines (used as reference) and food supplements, with sustainable or growing market were selected for the survey: Detralex 500 mg, Phlebodia 600 mg, Dioket 600 mg, Novarix 650 mg, Asketon 500 mg, Venocode and Dih max 1000 mg. Sales analysis for 2016, 2017 and 2018 (year-to-date) was done with the kind support of Iqvia TM. All products were subjected to European Pharmacopoeia (EP) tests for tablet quality - disintegration, resistance to crushing, uniformity of mass and uniformity of dosage units. Biopharmaceutical profile regarding tablet drug release and dissolution potency was investigated on EP Apparatus 2 (Paddle method). Results Although all products were found to almost fully fulfill the EP criteria, extremely unsatisfying drug release was established in all tested media (pH 1,5, pH 4,5 and pH 7,2), reaching not more than 1.6% of the labeled content after 24 hours for the best performing products - Novarix and Venocode. Conclusion These results were not surprising considering diosmin and hesperidin`s water insolubility and respective low bioavailability. However, it would be reasonable to approach these two bioactive compounds technologically in preformulation stage in order to improve their solubility and therapeutic potency.
{"title":"Biopharmaceutical and marketing evaluation of diosmin- and hesperidin-containing products on the Bulgarian market","authors":"N. Ivanova, Yozlem Hyusein, I. Slavov, Ivo Kumanov","doi":"10.14748/SSP.V5I2.5589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSP.V5I2.5589","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Diosmin and hesperidin are commonly used flavonoids in the therapy of vascular diseases. Aim This study aimed to present an independent evaluation of the market status, quality and biopharmaceutical characteristics of diosmin- and hesperidin-containing oral tablet-products (DHCPs) on the Bulgarian market. Materials and Methods Seven products, among which medicines (used as reference) and food supplements, with sustainable or growing market were selected for the survey: Detralex 500 mg, Phlebodia 600 mg, Dioket 600 mg, Novarix 650 mg, Asketon 500 mg, Venocode and Dih max 1000 mg. Sales analysis for 2016, 2017 and 2018 (year-to-date) was done with the kind support of Iqvia TM. All products were subjected to European Pharmacopoeia (EP) tests for tablet quality - disintegration, resistance to crushing, uniformity of mass and uniformity of dosage units. Biopharmaceutical profile regarding tablet drug release and dissolution potency was investigated on EP Apparatus 2 (Paddle method). Results Although all products were found to almost fully fulfill the EP criteria, extremely unsatisfying drug release was established in all tested media (pH 1,5, pH 4,5 and pH 7,2), reaching not more than 1.6% of the labeled content after 24 hours for the best performing products - Novarix and Venocode. Conclusion These results were not surprising considering diosmin and hesperidin`s water insolubility and respective low bioavailability. However, it would be reasonable to approach these two bioactive compounds technologically in preformulation stage in order to improve their solubility and therapeutic potency.","PeriodicalId":186809,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116555092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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