Monetary policy is central bank’s policy to govern the money supply and interest rates in the economy to influence output, employment, and prices. The main instruments of monetary policy include open market operations, repo rate, reserve requirements for banks etc. Monetary policy has many objectives like controlling inflation, promoting growth and employment and ensuring stability in exchange rate and Balance of Payments. Monetary policy is considered to be a very effective tool especially in controlling the inflation. The central bank usually adopts a contractionary monetary policy to contain the prices. A contractionary monetary policy is the one in which the central bank increases the interest rate, CRR and resorts to open market sales of government securities with the goal of reducing the aggregate demand in the economy. This contraction in aggregate demand helps in controlling the prices. The current paper strives to diagrammatically explain the working of a contractionary monetary policy for checking the inflation. The first section explains the concept of monetary policy. The second section elucidates the meaning of contractionary monetary policy. The third section illustrates the derivation of aggregate demand curve. The fourth section enlists some of the most common reasons for inflation whereas the final section explains the working of the contractionary monetary policy using diagrams.
{"title":"Working of Contractionary Monetary Policy: A Diagrammatic Presentation","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.32001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.32001","url":null,"abstract":"Monetary policy is central bank’s policy to govern the money supply and interest rates in the economy to\u0000influence output, employment, and prices. The main instruments of monetary policy include open market\u0000operations, repo rate, reserve requirements for banks etc. Monetary policy has many objectives like controlling\u0000inflation, promoting growth and employment and ensuring stability in exchange rate and Balance of Payments.\u0000Monetary policy is considered to be a very effective tool especially in controlling the inflation. The central bank\u0000usually adopts a contractionary monetary policy to contain the prices. A contractionary monetary policy is the\u0000one in which the central bank increases the interest rate, CRR and resorts to open market sales of government\u0000securities with the goal of reducing the aggregate demand in the economy. This contraction in aggregate\u0000demand helps in controlling the prices. The current paper strives to diagrammatically explain the working of a\u0000contractionary monetary policy for checking the inflation. The first section explains the concept of monetary\u0000policy. The second section elucidates the meaning of contractionary monetary policy. The third section\u0000illustrates the derivation of aggregate demand curve. The fourth section enlists some of the most common\u0000reasons for inflation whereas the final section explains the working of the contractionary monetary policy\u0000using diagrams.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128544407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the reasons for under-development of India is technological backwardness. In order to encourage innovative ventures, the government of India had launched a comprehensive start-up policy in February, 2016. The success of start-ups will not only promote industrialization but will also generate a lot of employment in the country. The government has adopted a systematic approach to promote innovative ventures working towards commercialization of new products. Besides the central government, various state governments have also launched their own start-up policies to promote young entrepreneurs. Educational institutes, especially those imparting technical and professional education have also been involved by providing funds for creating incubation centers and research parks so as to encourage students develop an entrepreneurial acumen. India is now the world’s third largest technology startup hub. Around 1,000 new start-up companies were incorporated in 2017 alone. The current paper aims at reviewing and evaluating the start-up policy of the government. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part describes the meaning and characteristics of start-ups. This relates to the technical definition of start-ups in India. The second section illustrates various measures taken by the government under the start-up policy to encourage the new innovative ventures. This basically includes various benefits and incentives given by the government to the start-ups. The final section evaluates the performance of start-up policy. This section examines how far the start-up policy has been effective and what have been its main short-comings.
{"title":"START UP POLICY","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.210039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.210039","url":null,"abstract":"One of the reasons for under-development of India is technological backwardness. In order to encourage\u0000innovative ventures, the government of India had launched a comprehensive start-up policy in February, 2016.\u0000The success of start-ups will not only promote industrialization but will also generate a lot of employment in the\u0000country. The government has adopted a systematic approach to promote innovative ventures working towards\u0000commercialization of new products. Besides the central government, various state governments have also\u0000launched their own start-up policies to promote young entrepreneurs. Educational institutes, especially those\u0000imparting technical and professional education have also been involved by providing funds for creating incubation\u0000centers and research parks so as to encourage students develop an entrepreneurial acumen.\u0000India is now the world’s third largest technology startup hub. Around 1,000 new start-up companies were\u0000incorporated in 2017 alone.\u0000The current paper aims at reviewing and evaluating the start-up policy of the government. The paper is divided\u0000into three parts. The first part describes the meaning and characteristics of start-ups. This relates to the technical\u0000definition of start-ups in India. The second section illustrates various measures taken by the government under the\u0000start-up policy to encourage the new innovative ventures. This basically includes various benefits and incentives\u0000given by the government to the start-ups. The final section evaluates the performance of start-up policy. This\u0000section examines how far the start-up policy has been effective and what have been its main short-comings.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114568100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RELATIVE ANALYSIS OF FIRMS PERFORMING BETTER IN MARKET AND FIRMS UNDERTAKING CSR ACTIVITIES WITH DUE DILIGENCE","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.620003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.620003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116832965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic globalization impacts the environment and sustainable development in a wide variety of ways and through a multitude of channels. The aim of the paper is to interrogate a variety of arguments about human rights and environmental sustainability in order to assess their coherence and consistency, and to evaluate competing perspectives. The purpose of this paper is (a) to identify the key links between globalization and environment; environment and human rights An integrative section on the effects of globalization and environmental policy and performance leads to domestic and international priority policy issues and recommendations. Globalization is the process by which all peoples and communities come to experience an increasingly common economic, social and cultural environment. By definition, the process affects everybody throughout the world. In short, the more integrated environmental and trade policies are, the more sustainable economic growth will be and the more globalization can be harnessed for the benefit of the environment. The paper tries to analyze the effects of globalization and its impact on various sectors.
{"title":"IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND\u0000ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION","authors":"R. M. Kamble","doi":"10.47968/gapin.230039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.230039","url":null,"abstract":"Economic globalization impacts the environment and sustainable development in a wide variety of ways and\u0000through a multitude of channels. The aim of the paper is to interrogate a variety of arguments about human rights\u0000and environmental sustainability in order to assess their coherence and consistency, and to evaluate competing\u0000perspectives. The purpose of this paper is (a) to identify the key links between globalization and environment;\u0000environment and human rights An integrative section on the effects of globalization and environmental policy and\u0000performance leads to domestic and international priority policy issues and recommendations. Globalization is the\u0000process by which all peoples and communities come to experience an increasingly common economic, social and\u0000cultural environment. By definition, the process affects everybody throughout the world. In short, the more\u0000integrated environmental and trade policies are, the more sustainable economic growth will be and the more\u0000globalization can be harnessed for the benefit of the environment. The paper tries to analyze the effects of\u0000globalization and its impact on various sectors.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125598260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India has seen quite possibly the most extreme and unplanned lockdowns, is now confronting an unexpected blast in drug use. The pandemic had caused the closure of beverage outlets in Kerala at the end of 2020. There were a few suicides in the quick time frame, which were attributed to the non-accessibility of liquor. This causes the use of illegal alcohol or homemade preparations or expanded the utilization of drugs. This situation increased the crime rates. The bad temperament of drug users led to ruthless crimes. The basic objective of the study is the association between emotion regulation and antisocial behaviours of drug users in the Covid 19 lockdown period and how well they regulating their emotional expression. Participants are convicted offenders under the NDPS Act and the Kerala Abkari act. The details of the participants are obtained from police records. The present study has been conducted on 40 drug users both females and males having the age group between 18-40 years. The area of this study is the Kochi, Ernakulam district of Kerala. Accessibility to the arrested drug abusers and female drug abusers section is very limited. The research work is trying to discover that media should play an effective role as a watchdog among drug addicts in the present scenario. Authorities and media need to take important steps to create open communication surroundings to get rid of this trouble along with this separate effective policy for drug addicts to cover up the gap of knowledge and worry of COVID-19.
{"title":"EMOTIONAL REGULATION AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN DRUG USERS","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.530010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.530010","url":null,"abstract":"India has seen quite possibly the most extreme and unplanned lockdowns, is now confronting an unexpected blast\u0000in drug use. The pandemic had caused the closure of beverage outlets in Kerala at the end of 2020. There were a\u0000few suicides in the quick time frame, which were attributed to the non-accessibility of liquor. This causes the use of\u0000illegal alcohol or homemade preparations or expanded the utilization of drugs. This situation increased the crime\u0000rates. The bad temperament of drug users led to ruthless crimes. The basic objective of the study is the association\u0000between emotion regulation and antisocial behaviours of drug users in the Covid 19 lockdown period and how well\u0000they regulating their emotional expression. Participants are convicted offenders under the NDPS Act and the\u0000Kerala Abkari act. The details of the participants are obtained from police records. The present study has been\u0000conducted on 40 drug users both females and males having the age group between 18-40 years. The area of this\u0000study is the Kochi, Ernakulam district of Kerala. Accessibility to the arrested drug abusers and female drug abusers\u0000section is very limited. The research work is trying to discover that media should play an effective role as a\u0000watchdog among drug addicts in the present scenario. Authorities and media need to take important steps to\u0000create open communication surroundings to get rid of this trouble along with this separate effective policy for\u0000drug addicts to cover up the gap of knowledge and worry of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131569961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Everett Hagen, a twentieth century American Economist, in his theory of ‘transition to economic growth’ has discussed why certain societies are economically backward compared to others. He has also examined the forces which play an important role in their economic upliftment. According to him, primitive societies like tribal societies are backward because of the traits like ‘high need affiliation’ and ‘high need dependency’. When the modern technologically progressive society blocks the progress of these backward groups, exploits them beyond a limit and treats them as a subordinate group, the later feels a strong desire to uplift its economic stature. This motivation eventually leads to entrepreneurship and their development. The current paper tries to empirically test the Hagen’s theory in the context of tribal society of Valsad district in Gujarat. The paper investigates why despite the presence of preconditions for development; tribal societies have not developed as suggested by Hagen’s theory. It also examines the role which the NGOs can play in tribal development. The paper is divided into four parts. The first section introduces the theme and objectives of the paper. The second section discusses the Hagen’s theory in detail. The third section investigates whether the findings of the theory apply to the tribal societies of the selected region or not. The fifth section suggests measures for the development of the tribal regions with special emphasis on the role of Non-Governmental Organizations.
{"title":"TRIBAL DEVELOPMENT: A NEW ROLE FOR VOLUNTARY AGENCIES","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.12007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.12007","url":null,"abstract":"Everett Hagen, a twentieth century American Economist, in his theory of ‘transition to\u0000economic growth’ has discussed why certain societies are economically backward compared\u0000to others. He has also examined the forces which play an important role in their economic\u0000upliftment. According to him, primitive societies like tribal societies are backward because\u0000of the traits like ‘high need affiliation’ and ‘high need dependency’.\u0000When the modern technologically progressive society blocks the progress of these backward\u0000groups, exploits them beyond a limit and treats them as a subordinate group, the later feels\u0000a strong desire to uplift its economic stature. This motivation eventually leads to\u0000entrepreneurship and their development.\u0000The current paper tries to empirically test the Hagen’s theory in the context of tribal society\u0000of Valsad district in Gujarat. The paper investigates why despite the presence of\u0000preconditions for development; tribal societies have not developed as suggested by Hagen’s\u0000theory. It also examines the role which the NGOs can play in tribal development.\u0000The paper is divided into four parts. The first section introduces the theme and objectives of\u0000the paper. The second section discusses the Hagen’s theory in detail. The third section\u0000investigates whether the findings of the theory apply to the tribal societies of the selected\u0000region or not. The fifth section suggests measures for the development of the tribal regions\u0000with special emphasis on the role of Non-Governmental Organizations.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125466802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The term "corporate governance" has recently gained popularity in the business world. It is regarded as a moral obligation. It entails promoting adherence to the law in letter and spirit and illustrating ethical behavior. Corporate governance is a critical procedure that influences an organization's financial performance. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of the leading IT sector companies in India. For this purpose five leading IT sector companies (on the basis of market share) have been selected namely TCS, Wipro, Infosys, HCL Tech and Tech Mahindra. The present study is based on Secondary Data. Data of five years (from 2018-19 to 2022-23) have been analyzed through panel data regression. In this study, ROA and ROE are taken as performance indicators and Board Size, Board Composition, CEO Duality, Promoter’s Holding, Size and Age have been selected as independent variables. The outcome of regression analysis showed that only promoters holding and Size have significant positive influence on the ROA and ROE whereas, Age is having significant negative impact on them. Further, it is also concluded that corporate governance variables such as board size, board composition and duality have no significant impact on the performance of the leading IT companies in India.
{"title":"A STUDY ON IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE SELECTED IT COMPANIES IN INDIA","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.630007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.630007","url":null,"abstract":"The term \"corporate governance\" has recently gained popularity in the business world. It is regarded as a moral\u0000obligation. It entails promoting adherence to the law in letter and spirit and illustrating ethical behavior.\u0000Corporate governance is a critical procedure that influences an organization's financial performance. The main\u0000aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate governance on the financial performance of the leading\u0000IT sector companies in India. For this purpose five leading IT sector companies (on the basis of market share) have\u0000been selected namely TCS, Wipro, Infosys, HCL Tech and Tech Mahindra. The present study is based on Secondary\u0000Data. Data of five years (from 2018-19 to 2022-23) have been analyzed through panel data regression. In this\u0000study, ROA and ROE are taken as performance indicators and Board Size, Board Composition, CEO Duality,\u0000Promoter’s Holding, Size and Age have been selected as independent variables. The outcome of regression analysis\u0000showed that only promoters holding and Size have significant positive influence on the ROA and ROE whereas, Age\u0000is having significant negative impact on them. Further, it is also concluded that corporate governance variables\u0000such as board size, board composition and duality have no significant impact on the performance of the leading IT\u0000companies in India.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132454919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Law is an instrument of social change. What kind of change is needed depends upon the society and society’s power in implementing the same through the state. Rule of law has a great force that brings change in the society according to the law has a great force that brings change in the society according to the law framed. The transformation in morals of the society is brought by the law. Law must not be static. It must be flexible i.e. it must transform with the requirements of the society at large. A flexible federation is one where society must never suffer about the rigidity of law. The situation of women is worst since centuries in India society. We have opted for flexible federation. We have framed various kinds of protective legislations for women. We have used law as a medium of social change. The social change that has been initiated in Indian society is to such an extent that it has transformed the entire society, especially the status of women, position of women, rights of women, etc have changed drastically in Indian Society. Various customs wherein exploitation of women used to take place were abolished by the Government by passing specific legislations, various conventions of the United Nations pertaining to women are signed by the Government and necessary legislations are passed by the Government for smooth implementation of these conventions. The Supreme Court of India has used law as a dynamic instrument for bringing enormous proportions of social change in Indian Society. The present days laws of India are equivalent to that of developed countries of the world. Despite such tremendous social change, the situation that we notice in India is that law does not govern the morals of the society. It is the society that governs the law. The law in India is made flexible to the extent of social distortions. It has led to the failure of Rule of Law.
{"title":"LAW & SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION – WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIAN WOMEN & ITS IMPACT ON RULE OF LAW","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.53009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.53009","url":null,"abstract":"Law is an instrument of social change. What kind of change is needed depends upon the society and society’s\u0000power in implementing the same through the state. Rule of law has a great force that brings change in the society\u0000according to the law has a great force that brings change in the society according to the law framed. The\u0000transformation in morals of the society is brought by the law. Law must not be static. It must be flexible i.e. it must\u0000transform with the requirements of the society at large. A flexible federation is one where society must never suffer\u0000about the rigidity of law. The situation of women is worst since centuries in India society. We have opted for\u0000flexible federation. We have framed various kinds of protective legislations for women. We have used law as a\u0000medium of social change. The social change that has been initiated in Indian society is to such an extent that it has\u0000transformed the entire society, especially the status of women, position of women, rights of women, etc have\u0000changed drastically in Indian Society. Various customs wherein exploitation of women used to take place were\u0000abolished by the Government by passing specific legislations, various conventions of the United Nations pertaining\u0000to women are signed by the Government and necessary legislations are passed by the Government for smooth\u0000implementation of these conventions. The Supreme Court of India has used law as a dynamic instrument for\u0000bringing enormous proportions of social change in Indian Society. The present days laws of India are equivalent to\u0000that of developed countries of the world. Despite such tremendous social change, the situation that we notice in\u0000India is that law does not govern the morals of the society. It is the society that governs the law. The law in India is\u0000made flexible to the extent of social distortions. It has led to the failure of Rule of Law.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127839771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Disha, Dr Narharibhai Patel, Rajnikant P. Patel
Using time series data for FDI inflow in India from 1991 to 2021, the study seeks to model and predict the FDI inflows in India. The Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model created by Box and Jenkins (1976) was utilised to develop the model. Identification of the UBJ included determining the appropriate AR (autoregressive) and MA (moving-average) polynomial orders, i.e., p and q values. The rankings were used to determine the stationary series' autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions. It was determined that FDI data were not static and that a single-order difference was sufficient to create the required stationary series. The study identified a low BIC value and then proposed the ARIMA model (0,1,2) as an appropriate FDI predictor in India. The expected FDI inflows for 2022–23 through 2029-2030 were within the confidence interval. The percentage variation between predicted and observed numbers assures that our forecast prices are near actual prices.
{"title":"DETERMINING FDI INFLOWS IN INDIA: USING BOX-JENKINS ARIMA APPROACH","authors":"M. Disha, Dr Narharibhai Patel, Rajnikant P. Patel","doi":"10.47968/gapin.630002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.630002","url":null,"abstract":"Using time series data for FDI inflow in India from 1991 to 2021, the study seeks to model and predict the FDI\u0000inflows in India. The Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model created by Box and Jenkins (1976)\u0000was utilised to develop the model. Identification of the UBJ included determining the appropriate AR\u0000(autoregressive) and MA (moving-average) polynomial orders, i.e., p and q values. The rankings were used to\u0000determine the stationary series' autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions. It was determined that FDI\u0000data were not static and that a single-order difference was sufficient to create the required stationary series. The\u0000study identified a low BIC value and then proposed the ARIMA model (0,1,2) as an appropriate FDI predictor in\u0000India. The expected FDI inflows for 2022–23 through 2029-2030 were within the confidence interval. The\u0000percentage variation between predicted and observed numbers assures that our forecast prices are near actual\u0000prices.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127228989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fruit production and exports in Ethiopia play an important part in the local economy, providing a source of income for roughly five million farmers, creating jobs, and producing foreign exchange revenues. The country has a lot of fresh fruit production and export potential. On the other hand, trade standards are becoming a global phenomenon. Exporting items to developed-country markets is becoming increasingly difficult for developingcountry countries. Ethiopia's government is promoting the fresh fruit export industry as a vital sector with enormous potential for economic development. The general objective of this study is to assess and evaluate the barriers of trade standards: a survey of Ethiopia’s fresh fruit exports. The data was taken through a purposive sample technique with a standardized questionnaire with a reliability of 0.853 from fresh fruit producers in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the data were analyzed through SPSS by applying the Pearson correlation, and one-way ANOVA. The result showed that there was not a significant effect of years of experience of the participants and no significant effect of age of the participants on trade Standard of fresh fruits. At the same time, the Benefits of Keeping standards has no significant relationship with the risks of unfit fruits exported to the international market.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE BARRIERS TO TRADE STANDARDS: A SURVEY OF ETHIOPIA’S FRESH FRUIT EXPORT","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.53005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.53005","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit production and exports in Ethiopia play an important part in the local economy, providing a source of\u0000income for roughly five million farmers, creating jobs, and producing foreign exchange revenues. The country has\u0000a lot of fresh fruit production and export potential. On the other hand, trade standards are becoming a global\u0000phenomenon. Exporting items to developed-country markets is becoming increasingly difficult for developingcountry countries. Ethiopia's government is promoting the fresh fruit export industry as a vital sector with\u0000enormous potential for economic development. The general objective of this study is to assess and evaluate the\u0000barriers of trade standards: a survey of Ethiopia’s fresh fruit exports. The data was taken through a purposive\u0000sample technique with a standardized questionnaire with a reliability of 0.853 from fresh fruit producers in\u0000Ethiopia. Furthermore, the data were analyzed through SPSS by applying the Pearson correlation, and one-way\u0000ANOVA. The result showed that there was not a significant effect of years of experience of the participants and no\u0000significant effect of age of the participants on trade Standard of fresh fruits. At the same time, the Benefits of\u0000Keeping standards has no significant relationship with the risks of unfit fruits exported to the international\u0000market.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125826054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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