Dividends are commonly defined as the distribution of earnings (past or present) in real assets among the shareholders of the firm in proportion to their ownership. (Frankfurter and Wood) Literature regarding dividend has questioned the importance given by investors in receiving stable payments in the form of dividend vis a vis capital required by companies. This paper attempts to throw light on determinants of dividend policy and how can certain factors be considered before making a dividend decision. Metal and cement and cement products sector from Nifty 50 listed companies have been selected to know the determinants of dividend and their impact on stock prices for 10 years starting from 2009 to 2019. Regression analysis has been used to analyze the data. This study found that the earning per share is the significant determinant of dividend policy in metal industry while in cement industry the retained earnings are the significant determinant of dividend policy.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF DIVIDEND DETERMINANTS OF SELECTED METAL AND CEMENT COMPANIES","authors":"Shivani Sharma","doi":"10.47968/gapin.42005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.42005","url":null,"abstract":"Dividends are commonly defined as the distribution of earnings (past or present) in real assets among the\u0000shareholders of the firm in proportion to their ownership. (Frankfurter and Wood) Literature regarding dividend\u0000has questioned the importance given by investors in receiving stable payments in the form of dividend vis a vis\u0000capital required by companies. This paper attempts to throw light on determinants of dividend policy and how can\u0000certain factors be considered before making a dividend decision. Metal and cement and cement products sector\u0000from Nifty 50 listed companies have been selected to know the determinants of dividend and their impact on stock\u0000prices for 10 years starting from 2009 to 2019. Regression analysis has been used to analyze the data. This study\u0000found that the earning per share is the significant determinant of dividend policy in metal industry while in\u0000cement industry the retained earnings are the significant determinant of dividend policy.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121864764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human beings are the only beings in this universe that question the very basic existence of something by asking the “Why” question. To qualify someone as intellectual he/she must be critical. Fundamental question is How power governs our desire, our experiences? What are the conditionalities that generates society to be moulded in a certain way? What is the role of the intellectuals? How our assigned meaning changes by the power? All questions are answered in this paper with clear distinction between intellectual and intellectual slavery.
{"title":"INTELLECTUAL CITIZEN","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.42007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.42007","url":null,"abstract":"Human beings are the only beings in this universe that question the very basic existence of something by asking the\u0000“Why” question. To qualify someone as intellectual he/she must be critical. Fundamental question is How power\u0000governs our desire, our experiences? What are the conditionalities that generates society to be moulded in a\u0000certain way? What is the role of the intellectuals? How our assigned meaning changes by the power? All questions\u0000are answered in this paper with clear distinction between intellectual and intellectual slavery.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130037950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karma is Self-Generated: A man’s actions create his future karmas to be experienced, why wait seven more births to achieve spiritual maturity when you could achieve it in existing birth? That is the idea behind writing paper on karma management. When we begin to apply principles of management in managing karma, our individual karma is intensified. Quite often our actions are based upon an emotional reaction to what someone has done or said to us. The consequences of such actions are often not clearly and carefully thought about. For example, someone insults you, so you insult them back. If you did reflect, you would see that the consequence of harming someone else with your words in the present is for you to be harmed again in the future by someone else’s words. This behaviour creates an endless cycle of being harmed and harming others, which is only stopped by considering the consequences before acting and not harming back. Mahatma Gandhi once said, “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.” So, too, instinctive retaliation ultimately makes the whole world angry. The principle of considering the karmic consequences pertains equally to positive actions. The wisest approach is to not simply react to things that happen to us, but to take time to consider the karmic repercussions of all actions before we take them. The habit of considering the consequences before acting can be developed at an early age when parents and teachers utilize positive discipline methods to help children face the natural and logical consequences of their actions. Each mark is a reward or a stumbling block. Learn to look at the step you have made and the step you have not made yet. This brings you close to Me.” Gurudeva elucidates our fourth principle: “It is our reaction to karmas through lack of understanding that creates most karmas we shall experience at a future time.” Tirukural: “All suffering recoils on the wrongdoer himself. Paper is an attempt for managing your own karma by utilizing the correct understanding of karma to refine your actions and reactions in life.
{"title":"KARMA MANAGEMENT","authors":"G. Japee","doi":"10.47968/gapin.610011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.610011","url":null,"abstract":"Karma is Self-Generated: A man’s actions create his future karmas to be experienced, why wait seven more births\u0000to achieve spiritual maturity when you could achieve it in existing birth? That is the idea behind writing paper on\u0000karma management. When we begin to apply principles of management in managing karma, our individual\u0000karma is intensified. Quite often our actions are based upon an emotional reaction to what someone has done or\u0000said to us. The consequences of such actions are often not clearly and carefully thought about. For example,\u0000someone insults you, so you insult them back. If you did reflect, you would see that the consequence of harming\u0000someone else with your words in the present is for you to be harmed again in the future by someone else’s words.\u0000This behaviour creates an endless cycle of being harmed and harming others, which is only stopped by considering\u0000the consequences before acting and not harming back. Mahatma Gandhi once said, “An eye for an eye makes the\u0000whole world blind.” So, too, instinctive retaliation ultimately makes the whole world angry. The principle of\u0000considering the karmic consequences pertains equally to positive actions. The wisest approach is to not simply\u0000react to things that happen to us, but to take time to consider the karmic repercussions of all actions before we\u0000take them. The habit of considering the consequences before acting can be developed at an early age when parents\u0000and teachers utilize positive discipline methods to help children face the natural and logical consequences of their\u0000actions. Each mark is a reward or a stumbling block. Learn to look at the step you have made and the step you\u0000have not made yet. This brings you close to Me.” Gurudeva elucidates our fourth principle: “It is our reaction to\u0000karmas through lack of understanding that creates most karmas we shall experience at a future time.” Tirukural:\u0000“All suffering recoils on the wrongdoer himself. Paper is an attempt for managing your own karma by utilizing the\u0000correct understanding of karma to refine your actions and reactions in life.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128056707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 pandemic caused disruptions in supply chains, leading to difficulties in obtaining raw materials, manufacturing, and distributing goods. These challenges, along with shifts in consumer behaviour and demand patterns, had an impact on the revenue and profitability of FMCG companies. While essential products experienced a surge in demand at the beginning of the pandemic, non-essential items faced decreased demand due to changes in consumer spending habits. FMCG companies also incurred additional costs due to disruptions in the supply chain, safety measures, employee welfare initiatives, and increased marketing and promotional activities. These added expenses placed pressure on profit margins, further affecting the financial performance of the companies. This study examines the financial performance of Godrej Consumer Products Ltd and TATA Consumer Products Ltd before and after the Covid-19 period. The results indicate that Godrej Consumer Products Ltd maintained a relatively stable and consistent financial performance in the post-Covid-19 period, while TATA Consumer Products Ltd experienced a slight decline in various financial ratios. These findings suggest that Godrej Consumer Products Ltd has successfully adapted to the post-Covid-19 environment, whereas TATA Consumer Products Ltd may need to address specific challenges to enhance its financial performance.
{"title":"AN IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED FMCG COMPANIES IN INDIA","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.630004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.630004","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic caused disruptions in supply chains, leading to difficulties in obtaining raw materials,\u0000manufacturing, and distributing goods. These challenges, along with shifts in consumer behaviour and demand\u0000patterns, had an impact on the revenue and profitability of FMCG companies. While essential products\u0000experienced a surge in demand at the beginning of the pandemic, non-essential items faced decreased demand\u0000due to changes in consumer spending habits. FMCG companies also incurred additional costs due to disruptions\u0000in the supply chain, safety measures, employee welfare initiatives, and increased marketing and promotional\u0000activities. These added expenses placed pressure on profit margins, further affecting the financial performance\u0000of the companies. This study examines the financial performance of Godrej Consumer Products Ltd and TATA\u0000Consumer Products Ltd before and after the Covid-19 period. The results indicate that Godrej Consumer\u0000Products Ltd maintained a relatively stable and consistent financial performance in the post-Covid-19 period,\u0000while TATA Consumer Products Ltd experienced a slight decline in various financial ratios. These findings\u0000suggest that Godrej Consumer Products Ltd has successfully adapted to the post-Covid-19 environment,\u0000whereas TATA Consumer Products Ltd may need to address specific challenges to enhance its financial\u0000performance.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132017660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world has entered into a new millennium, but from the dawn of civilization till date, the woman of the patriarchal society of India continues to be oppressed and ill-treated.2 Crime against women have been increasing in all fields. In the era of digital revolution women are not safe at cyber space. In India cybercrime against women have been rapidly increasing in spite of special legislations to protecting women netizen. Judiciary played a vital role in the implementation of the law and its constitutional role to protecting the human rights as per the legislation. The most important duty of the court is to protect human rights, and to give relief to the victim.3The main object of this paper is to analyse the role of Judiciary at cyber space to curb the cybercrime against women in India. This paper is commence with cyber crime’s definition and brief view about that. It also focus on kinds of cybercrime against women in India and brief view on cyber legislation.
{"title":"A CHALLENGING ROLE OF INDIAN JUDICIARY AT CYBER SPACE TO CURB CYBER CRIME AGAINST WOMEN","authors":"Neha K Bhatt, Pareshkumar D. Dobariya","doi":"10.47968/gapin.42004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.42004","url":null,"abstract":"The world has entered into a new millennium, but from the dawn of civilization till date, the woman of the\u0000patriarchal society of India continues to be oppressed and ill-treated.2 Crime against women have been increasing\u0000in all fields. In the era of digital revolution women are not safe at cyber space. In India cybercrime against\u0000women have been rapidly increasing in spite of special legislations to protecting women netizen. Judiciary played\u0000a vital role in the implementation of the law and its constitutional role to protecting the human rights as per the\u0000legislation. The most important duty of the court is to protect human rights, and to give relief to the victim.3The\u0000main object of this paper is to analyse the role of Judiciary at cyber space to curb the cybercrime against women in\u0000India. This paper is commence with cyber crime’s definition and brief view about that. It also focus on kinds of\u0000cybercrime against women in India and brief view on cyber legislation.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127965882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Ambedkar was much more than a mere leader of dalits and an architect of Indian Constitution. He was a great economist with insights in almost all the economic aspects of people’s life. What made him a great economist was his humanitarian and well-balanced approach on various economic issues. He believed in socialist philosophy but at the same time recognized the role of private sector. He strongly believed that agricultural productivity depended to a large extent on the progress of industrialization. The range of his work in economics was indeed very extensive. He has contributions in many areas like public finance, monetary economics, labour economics, agricultural economics etc. There are three major works of Ambedkar in Economics. “Administration and Finance of East India Company”, “The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India” and “The Problem of Rupee: Its origin and its solution”. In the first work, he has evaluated finance policy of the East India Company between 1792 to 1858 in India. In his second book, he had evaluated centre-state relations in British India between 1833-1921. His third book relates to monetary and macro economics. The main objective of this paper is to review the contributions of Dr. Ambedkar in the area of economics and evaluate whether his understanding, predictions and suggested economic policies are relevant to the Indian economy in the present scenario or not. The paper is divided into three parts. The first section describes the works of Dr. Ambedkar in the field of economics. The second section illustrates the economic thoughts of Dr. Ambedkar and their relevance for modern Indian economy. The final section sums up the paper with concluding remarks on lessons to be learnt from Dr. Ambedkar’s economic philosophy.
{"title":"DR. AMBEDKAR: AN ECONOMIST PAR EXCELLENCE","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.12008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.12008","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Ambedkar was much more than a mere leader of dalits and an architect of Indian\u0000Constitution. He was a great economist with insights in almost all the economic aspects of\u0000people’s life. What made him a great economist was his humanitarian and well-balanced\u0000approach on various economic issues. He believed in socialist philosophy but at the same\u0000time recognized the role of private sector. He strongly believed that agricultural productivity\u0000depended to a large extent on the progress of industrialization.\u0000The range of his work in economics was indeed very extensive. He has contributions in many\u0000areas like public finance, monetary economics, labour economics, agricultural economics\u0000etc.\u0000There are three major works of Ambedkar in Economics. “Administration and Finance of\u0000East India Company”, “The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India” and “The\u0000Problem of Rupee: Its origin and its solution”. In the first work, he has evaluated finance\u0000policy of the East India Company between 1792 to 1858 in India. In his second book, he had\u0000evaluated centre-state relations in British India between 1833-1921. His third book relates\u0000to monetary and macro economics.\u0000The main objective of this paper is to review the contributions of Dr. Ambedkar in the area\u0000of economics and evaluate whether his understanding, predictions and suggested economic\u0000policies are relevant to the Indian economy in the present scenario or not.\u0000The paper is divided into three parts. The first section describes the works of Dr. Ambedkar\u0000in the field of economics. The second section illustrates the economic thoughts of Dr.\u0000Ambedkar and their relevance for modern Indian economy. The final section sums up the\u0000paper with concluding remarks on lessons to be learnt from Dr. Ambedkar’s economic\u0000philosophy.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116012039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The disclosures are the language of communicating the performance and state of affair of business by the corporates to stakeholders. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to study the disclosure practices and their relation with share prices of selected companies. To meet this objective the data has been collected from annual reports and NSE data base of ten companies for two industries for the period of five years. The collected data is tabulated and analysed with the help of research tools and techniques like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, one - way ANNOVA and Karl Pearson’s correlation. This study concludes that, disclosures practices between companies are same but not between selected sectors and these disclosures does not have any significant impact or relationship with its share prices.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DISCLOSURE PRACTICES AND ITS RELATION WITH SHARE PRICES OF SELECTED INDIAN LISTED COMPANIES","authors":"Aroonraj Jesrani","doi":"10.47968/gapin.42001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.42001","url":null,"abstract":"The disclosures are the language of communicating the performance and state of affair of business by the\u0000corporates to stakeholders. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to study the disclosure practices and their\u0000relation with share prices of selected companies. To meet this objective the data has been collected from annual\u0000reports and NSE data base of ten companies for two industries for the period of five years. The collected data is\u0000tabulated and analysed with the help of research tools and techniques like mean, standard deviation, coefficient of\u0000variance, one - way ANNOVA and Karl Pearson’s correlation. This study concludes that, disclosures practices\u0000between companies are same but not between selected sectors and these disclosures does not have any significant\u0000impact or relationship with its share prices.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128537199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report presents a systematic literature review (SLR) conducted from 2015 to 2022 on the subject of crowdfunding as a finance option. The review comprises 38 articles sourced from various journals and employs a qualitative technique for analysis. The objective of the study is to explore the role of crowdfunding as an alternative funding source, emphasizing its significance in the financial landscape. The search yielded 96 out of 29 papers that specifically analyze crowdfunding, providing descriptive findings. However, none of the contributions included qualitative analysis, highlighting a gap in the existing literature. The practical implications of the review extend to policymakers, investors, entrepreneurs, and the finance sector, aiming to facilitate informed decision-making in investment pursuits. The study adds value to the literature by contributing to a deeper understanding of crowdfunding's importance as an alternative funding source.
{"title":"FUNDING FROM THE CROWD, A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.630008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.630008","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents a systematic literature review (SLR) conducted from 2015 to 2022 on the subject of\u0000crowdfunding as a finance option. The review comprises 38 articles sourced from various journals and employs\u0000a qualitative technique for analysis. The objective of the study is to explore the role of crowdfunding as an\u0000alternative funding source, emphasizing its significance in the financial landscape. The search yielded 96 out of\u000029 papers that specifically analyze crowdfunding, providing descriptive findings. However, none of the\u0000contributions included qualitative analysis, highlighting a gap in the existing literature. The practical\u0000implications of the review extend to policymakers, investors, entrepreneurs, and the finance sector, aiming to\u0000facilitate informed decision-making in investment pursuits. The study adds value to the literature by\u0000contributing to a deeper understanding of crowdfunding's importance as an alternative funding source.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134167010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E-commerce carries with it its own importance in the corporate world due to the effect of globalisation. Significance of E-commerce further extends in India due to the advent of „Digital India” campaign. Remarkable transformation has been taken place in the field of entrepreneurship by the implementation of effective governance in e-commerce. During last few times amazing renovation have been noticed in the Indian shops and trades. E-commerce has taken the domain of business by storm and fascinated the imagination of whole generation of entrepreneurs, with e-commerce ventures with various business and commercial models. The mercurial development in recent years has already propelled the largest industries among these enterprises crossing the billion-dollar boundary. This article has attempted to highlight the current position of the eCommerce scenario in India and corporate point of view. Simultaneously, it points out the corporate sec strategic drives and challenges, and SCIREA Journal of Agriculture http://www.scirea.org/journal/Agriculture January 13, 2017 Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016 44 recommends the techniques which will trigger e -Commerce industries and sustain development.
{"title":"E-COMMERCE: PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA","authors":"P. C. Padhy","doi":"10.47968/gapin.420015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.420015","url":null,"abstract":"E-commerce carries with it its own importance in the corporate world due to the effect of globalisation.\u0000Significance of E-commerce further extends in India due to the advent of „Digital India” campaign. Remarkable\u0000transformation has been taken place in the field of entrepreneurship by the implementation of effective\u0000governance in e-commerce. During last few times amazing renovation have been noticed in the Indian shops and\u0000trades. E-commerce has taken the domain of business by storm and fascinated the imagination of whole\u0000generation of entrepreneurs, with e-commerce ventures with various business and commercial models. The\u0000mercurial development in recent years has already propelled the largest industries among these enterprises\u0000crossing the billion-dollar boundary. This article has attempted to highlight the current position of the eCommerce scenario in India and corporate point of view. Simultaneously, it points out the corporate sec strategic\u0000drives and challenges, and SCIREA Journal of Agriculture http://www.scirea.org/journal/Agriculture January 13,\u00002017 Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2016 44 recommends the techniques which will trigger e -Commerce industries\u0000and sustain development.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115964117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cooperative movement in India started somewhere in 1904 when the first Cooperative Credit Societies Act was formed. Formerly, the objective of the cooperatives was to uphold the interest of the poor farmers from private money-lenders. Since independence, the cooperative movement has broadened to the extended corners of the country. Cooperation has now touched upon almost all sections of the Indian economy. After the Second World War, the Urban Cooperative Bank is a major modernization in the cooperative sector. As on 31st March, 1996, the Urban Cooperative Bank sector encompasses about 1500 banks with 4500 branches. The total deposits of these banks are Rs.24000 crores which constitutes about 4.5% of total deposits of the entire banking system. This paper looks into this incredible growth of cooperatives in India. It attempts to justify the hypothesis that “With growth of the cooperatives, the country advances.” The first section of the paper defines the concepts of cooperatives. The second section enumerates a long list of advantages of cooperatives and discusses how these advantages help in upliftment of economically and socially backward population. The third section of the paper describes some famous cooperative movements in India. The fourth section narrates some issues faced by cooperative societies. The final section of the paper presents a case study of Co-operative society which uplifted the tribal population in Valsad.
{"title":"GROWTH OF COOPERATIVES IN INDIA","authors":"","doi":"10.47968/gapin.12005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47968/gapin.12005","url":null,"abstract":"The cooperative movement in India started somewhere in 1904 when the first Cooperative\u0000Credit Societies Act was formed. Formerly, the objective of the cooperatives was to uphold\u0000the interest of the poor farmers from private money-lenders. Since independence, the\u0000cooperative movement has broadened to the extended corners of the country. Cooperation\u0000has now touched upon almost all sections of the Indian economy. After the Second World\u0000War, the Urban Cooperative Bank is a major modernization in the cooperative sector. As on\u000031st March, 1996, the Urban Cooperative Bank sector encompasses about 1500 banks with\u00004500 branches. The total deposits of these banks are Rs.24000 crores which constitutes\u0000about 4.5% of total deposits of the entire banking system. This paper looks into this\u0000incredible growth of cooperatives in India. It attempts to justify the hypothesis that “With\u0000growth of the cooperatives, the country advances.” The first section of the paper defines the\u0000concepts of cooperatives. The second section enumerates a long list of advantages of\u0000cooperatives and discusses how these advantages help in upliftment of economically and\u0000socially backward population. The third section of the paper describes some famous\u0000cooperative movements in India. The fourth section narrates some issues faced by\u0000cooperative societies. The final section of the paper presents a case study of Co-operative\u0000society which uplifted the tribal population in Valsad.","PeriodicalId":186868,"journal":{"name":"GAP iNTERDISCIPLINARITIES - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125629002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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