Abstract Activated carbon was oxidised with concentrated nitric acid and impregnated with urea to form nitrogen-containing groups. Such a support was impregnated with cobalt, copper or silver nitrates to obtain catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia. Infrared spectra confirmed the formation of carboxylic and other organic oxygen-containing groups during oxidation. Nitrogen-containing species resulted from urea thermal decomposition. The metal-containing samples were hydrophilic. Cobalt and copper were present in the samples as small Co3O4 and CuO crystallites, while silver occurred in the form of large metallic crystallites, as seen from the X-ray diffraction patterns. Low temperature N2 sorption revealed that all samples were microporous solids, and the chemical and thermal treatment did not change their textural properties. The copper admixture caused the highest NO conversion, but worsened the selectivity and thermal stability of functionalised carbon support.
{"title":"Activated Carbon as a Support of Catalysts for the Removal of Nitrogen Oxides","authors":"A. Białas, Joanna Szlendak, C. Czosnek, M. Motak","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Activated carbon was oxidised with concentrated nitric acid and impregnated with urea to form nitrogen-containing groups. Such a support was impregnated with cobalt, copper or silver nitrates to obtain catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia. Infrared spectra confirmed the formation of carboxylic and other organic oxygen-containing groups during oxidation. Nitrogen-containing species resulted from urea thermal decomposition. The metal-containing samples were hydrophilic. Cobalt and copper were present in the samples as small Co3O4 and CuO crystallites, while silver occurred in the form of large metallic crystallites, as seen from the X-ray diffraction patterns. Low temperature N2 sorption revealed that all samples were microporous solids, and the chemical and thermal treatment did not change their textural properties. The copper admixture caused the highest NO conversion, but worsened the selectivity and thermal stability of functionalised carbon support.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"104 1","pages":"9 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74492472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper concerns the applicability of silver nanoparticles for reducing the emission of odours. Silver nanoparticles were successfully adsorbed on three different dolomitic limestone samples. In the next stage, wastewater from the meat industry was mixed with sorbents modified with a variable content of silver nanoparticles. After 4 days and 7 days, the concentration of ammonia was examined spectrophotometrically. Also, the degree of reduction of total odour concentration by olfactometric method was carried out. Depending on the concentration of the silver nanoparticles on the sorbents, the concentration of ammonia was 15-42 μg/cm3 for nAg content equal to 0.08%, while for sorbents containing approximately 36% of nAg the concentration of ammonia was 0.09-16 μg/cm3. A leaching test of nanosilver from sorbents confirmed that the particles were bound with the sorbents by strong bonds. The percentage of eluted silver increased from 0.67% to 11%, with increased initial concentrations of nAg on the sorbents from 0.18% to 0.37%.
{"title":"Synthesis and application of natural sorbents with silver nanoparticles in reducing the emission of odours","authors":"Długosz Olga, Ptak Kornelia, Pulit-Prociak Jolanta, Staroń Anita, Staroń Paweł, Chwastowski Jarosław, Szostak Krzysztof, Banach Marcin","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper concerns the applicability of silver nanoparticles for reducing the emission of odours. Silver nanoparticles were successfully adsorbed on three different dolomitic limestone samples. In the next stage, wastewater from the meat industry was mixed with sorbents modified with a variable content of silver nanoparticles. After 4 days and 7 days, the concentration of ammonia was examined spectrophotometrically. Also, the degree of reduction of total odour concentration by olfactometric method was carried out. Depending on the concentration of the silver nanoparticles on the sorbents, the concentration of ammonia was 15-42 μg/cm3 for nAg content equal to 0.08%, while for sorbents containing approximately 36% of nAg the concentration of ammonia was 0.09-16 μg/cm3. A leaching test of nanosilver from sorbents confirmed that the particles were bound with the sorbents by strong bonds. The percentage of eluted silver increased from 0.67% to 11%, with increased initial concentrations of nAg on the sorbents from 0.18% to 0.37%.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"38 1","pages":"47 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83583244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Wołowiec, Magdalena Tuchowska, Paulina Kudła, T. Bajda
Abstract One of the most effective methods for the immobilization of toxic metals involves the use of minerals from the apatite supergroup. The formation of cadmium chlorapatite may lead to successful entrapping of cadmium; thus, it is important to examine the solubility constant to determine the stability of cadmium in the the apatite structure. Cadmium chlorapatite was synthetized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The solubility constant (log) Ksp of cadmium chlorapatite was -65.58. The Gibbs free energy of formation of cadmium chlorapatite reached -3950.48 kJ mol−1. The solubility constant turned out to be low but was enough for cadmium chlorapatiteto be considered a very stable compound..
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of cadmium chlorapatite Cd5(PO4)3Cl","authors":"Magdalena Wołowiec, Magdalena Tuchowska, Paulina Kudła, T. Bajda","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most effective methods for the immobilization of toxic metals involves the use of minerals from the apatite supergroup. The formation of cadmium chlorapatite may lead to successful entrapping of cadmium; thus, it is important to examine the solubility constant to determine the stability of cadmium in the the apatite structure. Cadmium chlorapatite was synthetized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The solubility constant (log) Ksp of cadmium chlorapatite was -65.58. The Gibbs free energy of formation of cadmium chlorapatite reached -3950.48 kJ mol−1. The solubility constant turned out to be low but was enough for cadmium chlorapatiteto be considered a very stable compound..","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"131 1","pages":"12 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82943922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadiseh Rahimi Sadegh, H. Moeinzadeh, K. Nakashima
Abstract The Bahram-Gur area in the southeastern part of the Sanandaj – Sirjan metamorphic zone, contains metabasites and metasediments. The metasedimentary rocks are mainly garnet schists and garnet-staurolite schists that were metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions. The rocks consist of garnet ± staurolite, biotite, muscovite, chlorite and quartz. The geochemistry of the Bahram-Gur metasediments classifies them as quartziferous sedimentary rocks. The protoliths of the metasedimentary rocks were close to greywackes from an ensialic arc basin depositional setting, with a source comprising mostly mixture of acid and intermediate magmatic rocks in the upper continental crust. The metamorphic conditions of formation of the Bahram-Gur metasedimentary are investigated by geothermobarometric methods. The results show that the metasedimentary rocks formed at temperatures of 600-750°C and pressures of 5-7.5 kbar.
{"title":"Geochemistry, mineral chemistry and P-T evaluation of metasediments of Bahram-Gur complex, ES Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran","authors":"Hadiseh Rahimi Sadegh, H. Moeinzadeh, K. Nakashima","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Bahram-Gur area in the southeastern part of the Sanandaj – Sirjan metamorphic zone, contains metabasites and metasediments. The metasedimentary rocks are mainly garnet schists and garnet-staurolite schists that were metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions. The rocks consist of garnet ± staurolite, biotite, muscovite, chlorite and quartz. The geochemistry of the Bahram-Gur metasediments classifies them as quartziferous sedimentary rocks. The protoliths of the metasedimentary rocks were close to greywackes from an ensialic arc basin depositional setting, with a source comprising mostly mixture of acid and intermediate magmatic rocks in the upper continental crust. The metamorphic conditions of formation of the Bahram-Gur metasedimentary are investigated by geothermobarometric methods. The results show that the metasedimentary rocks formed at temperatures of 600-750°C and pressures of 5-7.5 kbar.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"26 1","pages":"34 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87544459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Twenty-four areas with lamprophyric formations have been located through a bibliographic search in Macedonia, Thrace, the islands and Attica. Most lamprophyre types have been identified including rare “alkali minette”. In most localities the dikes/sills appear to be late mantle products associated with deep faulting following extensional activity in granitoids.
{"title":"Lamprophyric rock locations in Greece","authors":"Ioannis-Nektarios G. Kamvisis","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Twenty-four areas with lamprophyric formations have been located through a bibliographic search in Macedonia, Thrace, the islands and Attica. Most lamprophyre types have been identified including rare “alkali minette”. In most localities the dikes/sills appear to be late mantle products associated with deep faulting following extensional activity in granitoids.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"15 1","pages":"13 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80887931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The Ghansura Felsic Dome (GFD) occurring in the Bathani volcano-sedimentary sequence was intruded by mafic magma during its evolution leading to magma mixing. In addition to the mafic and felsic rocks, a porphyritic intermediate rock occurs in the GFD. The study of this rock may significantly contribute toward understanding the magmatic evolution of the Ghansura dome. The porphyritic rock preserves several textures indicating its hybrid nature, i.e. that it is a product of mafic-felsic magma mixing. Here, we aim to explain the origin of the intermediate rock with the help of textural features and mineral compositions. Monomineralic aggregates or glomerocrysts of plagioclase give the rock its characteristic porphyritic appearance. The fact that the plagioclase crystals constituting the glomerocrysts are joined along prominent euhedral crystal faces suggests the role of synneusis in the formation of the glomerocrysts. The compositions of the glomerocryst plagioclases are similar to those of plagioclases in the mafic rocks. The results from this study indicate that the porphyritic intermediate rock formed by the mixing of a crystal-rich mafic magma and a crystal-poor felsic melt.
Ghansura Felsic Dome (GFD)产于巴塔尼火山-沉积层序中，在演化过程中受到基性岩浆的侵入，导致岩浆混合。除基性岩和长英质岩外，在GFD中还发育一种斑状中间岩。对这种岩石的研究可能对理解gansura穹窿的岩浆演化有重要的贡献。斑状岩保留了几种结构，表明其混合性质，即它是镁质-长英质岩浆混合的产物。在这里，我们的目的是借助结构特征和矿物成分来解释中间岩石的起源。斜长石的单矿物聚集体或肾小球囊使岩石具有典型的斑岩外观。构成肾小球的斜长石晶体沿着突出的自面晶面连接，这一事实表明联性在肾小球的形成中起作用。肾小球斜长石的组成与基性岩中的斜长石相似。研究结果表明，该斑状中间岩是由富晶基性岩浆和贫晶长英质熔体混合形成的。
{"title":"Synneusis: does its preservation imply magma mixing?","authors":"Bibhuti Gogoi, A. Saikia","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Ghansura Felsic Dome (GFD) occurring in the Bathani volcano-sedimentary sequence was intruded by mafic magma during its evolution leading to magma mixing. In addition to the mafic and felsic rocks, a porphyritic intermediate rock occurs in the GFD. The study of this rock may significantly contribute toward understanding the magmatic evolution of the Ghansura dome. The porphyritic rock preserves several textures indicating its hybrid nature, i.e. that it is a product of mafic-felsic magma mixing. Here, we aim to explain the origin of the intermediate rock with the help of textural features and mineral compositions. Monomineralic aggregates or glomerocrysts of plagioclase give the rock its characteristic porphyritic appearance. The fact that the plagioclase crystals constituting the glomerocrysts are joined along prominent euhedral crystal faces suggests the role of synneusis in the formation of the glomerocrysts. The compositions of the glomerocryst plagioclases are similar to those of plagioclases in the mafic rocks. The results from this study indicate that the porphyritic intermediate rock formed by the mixing of a crystal-rich mafic magma and a crystal-poor felsic melt.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"26 1","pages":"117 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81303666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Majka, M. Sęk, S. Mazur, B. Gołębiowska, A. Pieczka
Abstract Tourmaline occurring in hornfelses from the eastern envelope of the Karkonosze Granite (Western Sudetes, Poland) reveals at least two stages of crystallization expressed by its complex zoning. The cores and mantles of the crystals probably grew during prograde metamorphism under intermediate pressure-temperature conditions reflected by increasing Mg, Ti and Ca. Outermost rims show enrichment in Al and Ca, indicating growth during contact metamorphism in the presence of an Al-saturating phase. The Ti-content in biotite indicates that the temperature of the contact metamorphic event did not exceed 650ºC. The presence of andalusite and the lack of garnet and cordierite also indicates pressure conditions of ~ 2-3 kbar, typical of the C1 bathozone of Carmichael (1978) or the P1 bathozone of Pattison (2001).
{"title":"Polymetamorphic evolution of pelites inferred from tourmaline zoning – the Rędziny hornfels case study at the eastern contact of the Karkonosze Granite, Sudetes, Poland","authors":"J. Majka, M. Sęk, S. Mazur, B. Gołębiowska, A. Pieczka","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tourmaline occurring in hornfelses from the eastern envelope of the Karkonosze Granite (Western Sudetes, Poland) reveals at least two stages of crystallization expressed by its complex zoning. The cores and mantles of the crystals probably grew during prograde metamorphism under intermediate pressure-temperature conditions reflected by increasing Mg, Ti and Ca. Outermost rims show enrichment in Al and Ca, indicating growth during contact metamorphism in the presence of an Al-saturating phase. The Ti-content in biotite indicates that the temperature of the contact metamorphic event did not exceed 650ºC. The presence of andalusite and the lack of garnet and cordierite also indicates pressure conditions of ~ 2-3 kbar, typical of the C1 bathozone of Carmichael (1978) or the P1 bathozone of Pattison (2001).","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"122 1","pages":"17 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76167301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Seboah Hill - a small body of peralkaline granite (< 0.1 km2) in south-western Egypt containing aegirine minerals ± magnesiohornblende ± riebeckite, cut by dikes of riebeckite-aegirine rhyolite, and exhibiting high radioactivity in veins of K-feldspar-aegirine-chalcedony-quartz ± trace hematite ± trace goethite was sampled and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma methods. Whole-rock chemical compositions of 5 granite, 3-rhyolitedike and 10 radioactive vein samples are presented. Of special significance is the enrichment of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) in the radioactive veins. These include up to 6081 ppm Zr, 4252 ppm Ce, 1514 ppm Nd, 1433 ppm La, 1233 ppm Nb, 875 ppm Y, 388 ppm Pr, 350 ppm Th, 222 ppm Sm, 189 ppm Gd, 159 ppm Dy, 153 ppm Hf, 83 ppm Er, 76 ppm Yb and 58 ppm U. The chondrite-normalized patterns of REE in all samples show only limited variation and have negative europium (Eu) anomalies. These findings suggest that the sources of the REE are genetically related. Values of the Eu anomalies vary from 0.38-0.41 for the radioactive veins, 0.39-0.53 for the granite and 0.31-0.44 for the rhyolite dikes. Eu variations are consistent for different paragentic stages.
{"title":"Trace elements and REE enrichment at Seboah Hill, SW Egypt","authors":"K. Hassan","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Seboah Hill - a small body of peralkaline granite (< 0.1 km2) in south-western Egypt containing aegirine minerals ± magnesiohornblende ± riebeckite, cut by dikes of riebeckite-aegirine rhyolite, and exhibiting high radioactivity in veins of K-feldspar-aegirine-chalcedony-quartz ± trace hematite ± trace goethite was sampled and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma methods. Whole-rock chemical compositions of 5 granite, 3-rhyolitedike and 10 radioactive vein samples are presented. Of special significance is the enrichment of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) in the radioactive veins. These include up to 6081 ppm Zr, 4252 ppm Ce, 1514 ppm Nd, 1433 ppm La, 1233 ppm Nb, 875 ppm Y, 388 ppm Pr, 350 ppm Th, 222 ppm Sm, 189 ppm Gd, 159 ppm Dy, 153 ppm Hf, 83 ppm Er, 76 ppm Yb and 58 ppm U. The chondrite-normalized patterns of REE in all samples show only limited variation and have negative europium (Eu) anomalies. These findings suggest that the sources of the REE are genetically related. Values of the Eu anomalies vary from 0.38-0.41 for the radioactive veins, 0.39-0.53 for the granite and 0.31-0.44 for the rhyolite dikes. Eu variations are consistent for different paragentic stages.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"388 1","pages":"47 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88063855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Any definable relation between falling temperature and the compressive strength of shale rocks should provide a useful predictive tool aiding optimization of the results of hydraulic fracturing. In this research, an automeasuring hydraulic press, a thermo-camera and the Fluent ANSYS software were used. The results of laboratory simulations, and the effects of experiments conducted on shale rocks to determine permanent changes in compressive strength, are presented. As both frozen rocks and rocks returned to room temperature show diminished compressive strength. It is suggested that prior freezing of rocks can increase the efficiency of fracturing.
{"title":"Influence of liquid-nitrogen freezing of gas-bearing shale rocks on their compressive strength","authors":"K. Borek","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Any definable relation between falling temperature and the compressive strength of shale rocks should provide a useful predictive tool aiding optimization of the results of hydraulic fracturing. In this research, an automeasuring hydraulic press, a thermo-camera and the Fluent ANSYS software were used. The results of laboratory simulations, and the effects of experiments conducted on shale rocks to determine permanent changes in compressive strength, are presented. As both frozen rocks and rocks returned to room temperature show diminished compressive strength. It is suggested that prior freezing of rocks can increase the efficiency of fracturing.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"5 1","pages":"16 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73584771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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