Abstract In water treatment plants, a large amount of wastewater and sludge is generated during the processing of drinking water. The composition of the sludge is determined by the type and raw water chemistry, as well as the methods and materials used for purification. The major components of the sludge are iron and manganese oxyhydroxides. In the past, the sludge was landfilled, but for environmental reasons it became necessary to find uses for the sludge. The aim of this study was to identify examples of using this sludge. Nowadays, the sludge is applied in the treatment of municipal wastewater, agriculture, and the production of cement and bricks, among others. Attention was also paid to the possibility of using the water processing sludge in different sorption applications.
{"title":"Current Stage of Knowledge Relating to the Use Ferruginous Sludge From Water Treatment Plants – a Preliminary Review of the Literature","authors":"Magdalena Wołowiec, T. Bajda","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In water treatment plants, a large amount of wastewater and sludge is generated during the processing of drinking water. The composition of the sludge is determined by the type and raw water chemistry, as well as the methods and materials used for purification. The major components of the sludge are iron and manganese oxyhydroxides. In the past, the sludge was landfilled, but for environmental reasons it became necessary to find uses for the sludge. The aim of this study was to identify examples of using this sludge. Nowadays, the sludge is applied in the treatment of municipal wastewater, agriculture, and the production of cement and bricks, among others. Attention was also paid to the possibility of using the water processing sludge in different sorption applications.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"6 1","pages":"39 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75804423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Panek, M. Wdowin, L. Bandura, E. Wisła-Walsh, P. Gara, W. Franus
Abstract This paper presents the possibility of receiving the granular forms of a zeolitic material of the Na-P1 type obtained from high-calcium fly ash in a semi-technical scale by means of three compacting techniques. The compaction process was carried out using cement, molasses and water glass as binders. Each of the proposed compacting methods affected the textural parameters of the obtained granular zeolite forms, as well as the binders used. In comparison to the other binders it was found that the cement binder had the smaller impact on the values of the textural parameters of the obtained compacted zeolite forms. The surface area for the zeolite Na-P1 was 98.49 m2·g-1, for the cement as a binder was 69.23 m2·g-1, for the molasses was 52.70 m2·g-1and for the water glass was 40.87 m2·g-1. For this reason, the briquetting and extruding tests were carried out using cement as a binder.
{"title":"Changes in the Textural Parameters of Fly Ash-Derived Na-P1 Zeolite During Compaction Processes","authors":"R. Panek, M. Wdowin, L. Bandura, E. Wisła-Walsh, P. Gara, W. Franus","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the possibility of receiving the granular forms of a zeolitic material of the Na-P1 type obtained from high-calcium fly ash in a semi-technical scale by means of three compacting techniques. The compaction process was carried out using cement, molasses and water glass as binders. Each of the proposed compacting methods affected the textural parameters of the obtained granular zeolite forms, as well as the binders used. In comparison to the other binders it was found that the cement binder had the smaller impact on the values of the textural parameters of the obtained compacted zeolite forms. The surface area for the zeolite Na-P1 was 98.49 m2·g-1, for the cement as a binder was 69.23 m2·g-1, for the molasses was 52.70 m2·g-1and for the water glass was 40.87 m2·g-1. For this reason, the briquetting and extruding tests were carried out using cement as a binder.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"10 30 1","pages":"22 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73460898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Diatta, Edward Fojcik, L. Drobek, T. Spiżewski, W. Krzesiński
Abstract The study compared coal fly and bottom ashes for their ability to inactivate metals and lead to soil remediation. Soil was artificially contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd at five degrees. Next, both ashes were added at five rates: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% and all treatments incubated. Data showed that for moderately contaminated soils, ash rates of 0.5 - 1.0% were efficient from 40 to 70% for Zn and Cd, and raised markedly to between 70 and 93% for Cu and Pb. For extremely contaminated soils, the rates of ashes at 1.0, 1.5 and 2% were much more efficient (60 - 80%). The use of fly and bottom ashes for metal inactivation and soil remediation should give greater consideration to the effect of pH and the type of heavy metals than the content of SiO2and Al2O3. Fly ash displayed superior inactivation and remediation effects to the bottom ash.
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metals Inactivation in Contaminated Soil by Coal Fly and Bottom Ashes","authors":"J. Diatta, Edward Fojcik, L. Drobek, T. Spiżewski, W. Krzesiński","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study compared coal fly and bottom ashes for their ability to inactivate metals and lead to soil remediation. Soil was artificially contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd at five degrees. Next, both ashes were added at five rates: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% and all treatments incubated. Data showed that for moderately contaminated soils, ash rates of 0.5 - 1.0% were efficient from 40 to 70% for Zn and Cd, and raised markedly to between 70 and 93% for Cu and Pb. For extremely contaminated soils, the rates of ashes at 1.0, 1.5 and 2% were much more efficient (60 - 80%). The use of fly and bottom ashes for metal inactivation and soil remediation should give greater consideration to the effect of pH and the type of heavy metals than the content of SiO2and Al2O3. Fly ash displayed superior inactivation and remediation effects to the bottom ash.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"22 1","pages":"127 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84994327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Adsorption is considered as one of the most promising technologies for CCS. Gas adsorption involves the separation of gaseous components from flue gas using solid adsorbents. The gaseous component, adsorbate, is adsorbed from the gas phase on a solid material. Regarding CO2adsorption, it is important to consider the parameters, that is the high sorption capacity, CO2selectivity, regeneration and stability in multiple cycles. New directions for the development of adsorbents are focused on increasing their capacity - for this purpose, amine impregnation is carried out. This paper presents a new approach to obtaining mesoporous material from fly ash and, based on this, a new physico-chemical adsorbent obtained by impregnation. The effectiveness of the process was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR infrared spectroscopy.
{"title":"Optimization of Novel Sorbents for CO2Removal Based on FTIR and TG Analysis","authors":"A. Majchrzak, W. Nowak","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adsorption is considered as one of the most promising technologies for CCS. Gas adsorption involves the separation of gaseous components from flue gas using solid adsorbents. The gaseous component, adsorbate, is adsorbed from the gas phase on a solid material. Regarding CO2adsorption, it is important to consider the parameters, that is the high sorption capacity, CO2selectivity, regeneration and stability in multiple cycles. New directions for the development of adsorbents are focused on increasing their capacity - for this purpose, amine impregnation is carried out. This paper presents a new approach to obtaining mesoporous material from fly ash and, based on this, a new physico-chemical adsorbent obtained by impregnation. The effectiveness of the process was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR infrared spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"90 1","pages":"47 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76403265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolina Rybka, Katarzyna Suwała, P. Maziarz, J. Matusik
Abstract In this work, kaolinite modified with zero-valent iron was synthesized and used as a sorbent for Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The obtained material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The methods revealed successful modification by the Fe0particles precipitation on the surface of well-ordered kaolinite. The sorption experiment results showed a significant increase of sorption capacity in relation to the raw kaolinite. The kaolinite with 25% content of Fe0was found to be the best material for Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal, resulting in approximately 500 mmol·kg-1and 350 mmol·kg-1sorption, respectively. The possible mechanisms responsible for metals’ removal were identified as reduction by Fe0‘core’ and adsorption on the iron hydroxides ‘shell’. The study indicated that the obtained material is capable of efficient Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal and may be an interesting alternative to other methods used for heavy metals’ removal.
{"title":"Efficiency of Pb(II) and Mo(VI) Removal by Kaolinite Impregnated with Zero-Valent Iron Particles","authors":"Karolina Rybka, Katarzyna Suwała, P. Maziarz, J. Matusik","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, kaolinite modified with zero-valent iron was synthesized and used as a sorbent for Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The obtained material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The methods revealed successful modification by the Fe0particles precipitation on the surface of well-ordered kaolinite. The sorption experiment results showed a significant increase of sorption capacity in relation to the raw kaolinite. The kaolinite with 25% content of Fe0was found to be the best material for Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal, resulting in approximately 500 mmol·kg-1and 350 mmol·kg-1sorption, respectively. The possible mechanisms responsible for metals’ removal were identified as reduction by Fe0‘core’ and adsorption on the iron hydroxides ‘shell’. The study indicated that the obtained material is capable of efficient Pb(II) and Mo(VI) removal and may be an interesting alternative to other methods used for heavy metals’ removal.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"75 1","pages":"71 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77923886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Górniak, Tadeusz Szydłak, A. Gaweł, Agnieszka Klimek, A. Tomczyk, Jerzy Motyka, K. Bahranowski
Abstract This paper summarizes information about recently worked bentonite deposits in Slovakia and presents the results of studies on bentonite from the Central Slovakia Volcanic Field (CSVF). The authors compared the mineralogy of commercial bentonites exploited in the Stara Kremnička (Jelšový potok), Kopernica, and Hliník nad Hronom deposits. X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analyses and microscopy showed that the main component is montmorillonite (37-88%), followed by opal C/CT (5-25%), clinoptilolite (up to 15%), feldspars (3-12%), quartz (up to 8%), biotite (2-5%), and kaolinite (up to 2%). The microscopic imaging provided information valuable for the technological assessment of bentonites, particularly the evaluation of mineralogy determined by XRD. The low variability of the mineral composition of commercial bentonites exploited in the western CSVF, together with the significant reserves and localization of deposits close to the Polish-Slovak state border prove that this raw material deserves more attention from Polish industry.
摘要本文综述了斯洛伐克近年来发现的膨润土矿床，并介绍了斯洛伐克中部火山田(CSVF)膨润土的研究结果。作者比较了在Stara kremni ka (Jelšový potok)、Kopernica和Hliník nad Hronom矿床开采的商业膨润土的矿物学。x射线衍射(XRD)、化学分析和显微分析表明，其主要成分为蒙脱石(37 ~ 88%)，其次为蛋白石C/CT(5 ~ 25%)、斜发沸石(15%)、长石(3 ~ 12%)、石英(8%)、黑云母(2 ~ 5%)和高岭石(2%)。显微成像为膨润土的工艺评价，特别是XRD测定的矿物学评价提供了有价值的信息。在捷克斯洛伐克西部开采的商业膨润土矿物组成的低变异性，以及靠近波兰-斯洛伐克国界线的大量储量和矿床的定位，证明这种原料值得波兰工业更多的关注。
{"title":"Bentonite from the Central Slovakia Volcanic Field – A Prospective Raw Material for Polish Industry","authors":"K. Górniak, Tadeusz Szydłak, A. Gaweł, Agnieszka Klimek, A. Tomczyk, Jerzy Motyka, K. Bahranowski","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper summarizes information about recently worked bentonite deposits in Slovakia and presents the results of studies on bentonite from the Central Slovakia Volcanic Field (CSVF). The authors compared the mineralogy of commercial bentonites exploited in the Stara Kremnička (Jelšový potok), Kopernica, and Hliník nad Hronom deposits. X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analyses and microscopy showed that the main component is montmorillonite (37-88%), followed by opal C/CT (5-25%), clinoptilolite (up to 15%), feldspars (3-12%), quartz (up to 8%), biotite (2-5%), and kaolinite (up to 2%). The microscopic imaging provided information valuable for the technological assessment of bentonites, particularly the evaluation of mineralogy determined by XRD. The low variability of the mineral composition of commercial bentonites exploited in the western CSVF, together with the significant reserves and localization of deposits close to the Polish-Slovak state border prove that this raw material deserves more attention from Polish industry.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"32 1","pages":"23 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86532454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Poland, by 2020 430,000 Mg of hazardous waste will be formed annually by the combustion of waste. This waste must be properly managed so as not to endanger the environment. One promising way to manage selected waste is to process it in the synthesis of materials characterised by sorption properties. The results presented in this paper concern the possibility of producing sorbents from waste materials marked with codes 190112 and 190114, which came from two waste incineration plants in Poland. Alkaline activation was performed using two methods: a) hydrothermal, in a solution of 8 M NaOH at 75°C for 24 h; and b) in an autoclave, using a solution of 2 M NaOH at 140°C for 6 h. XRD analyses led to the identification of materials after synthesis of the following zeolite phases: analcime, chabazite and thomsonite. chabazite and analcime can be valuable absorbent materials.
在波兰，到2020年，每年43万毫克的危险废物将由废物燃烧形成。这些废物必须妥善处理，以免危害环境。管理选定废物的一种有希望的方法是在合成具有吸附特性的材料中对其进行处理。本文提出的结果涉及从波兰两个垃圾焚烧厂标记为代码190112和190114的废物中生产吸附剂的可能性。采用两种方法进行碱性活化:a)水热，在8 M NaOH溶液中，75°C, 24h;b)在高压釜中，用2 M NaOH溶液在140℃下反应6 h。XRD分析表明，合成的沸石相为:安沸石、茶辉沸石和thomsonite沸石。钙辉石和钙钛矿是很有价值的吸附剂。
{"title":"Characteristics of Sorbent Products Obtained by the Alkaline Activation of Waste from Waste Incineration Plants","authors":"A. Grela, M. Łach, T. Bajda, J. Mikula","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Poland, by 2020 430,000 Mg of hazardous waste will be formed annually by the combustion of waste. This waste must be properly managed so as not to endanger the environment. One promising way to manage selected waste is to process it in the synthesis of materials characterised by sorption properties. The results presented in this paper concern the possibility of producing sorbents from waste materials marked with codes 190112 and 190114, which came from two waste incineration plants in Poland. Alkaline activation was performed using two methods: a) hydrothermal, in a solution of 8 M NaOH at 75°C for 24 h; and b) in an autoclave, using a solution of 2 M NaOH at 140°C for 6 h. XRD analyses led to the identification of materials after synthesis of the following zeolite phases: analcime, chabazite and thomsonite. chabazite and analcime can be valuable absorbent materials.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"33 1","pages":"105 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79636806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The recovery of valuable metals from metallurgical slag disposals is a promising option to protect natural resources, limited due to technology development and increased consumption. The Ad-hoc Working Group on Defining Critical Raw Materials within the Raw Materials Supply Group has proposed a list of critical elements which have the greatest economic importance and meet the requirements of sustainable development in Europe. The goal of this study was to examine steelmaking- and blast-furnace slags from metallurgical processes to determine concentrations of elements of the greatest criticality for Poland, e.g. Nb, Ta and REE, and to discuss the viability of their recovery. Slag analyses indicate enrichment of REE relative to UCC, NASC and average chondrite compositions in blast-furnace slags and Nb and Ta in steelmaking slags. To make recovery of these critical elements reasonable and profitable, it is recommended that they be recovered together with other useful raw materials.
{"title":"Iron Metallurgy Slags as a Potential Source of Critical Elements - Nb, Ta and REE","authors":"M. Kasina, M. Michalik","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recovery of valuable metals from metallurgical slag disposals is a promising option to protect natural resources, limited due to technology development and increased consumption. The Ad-hoc Working Group on Defining Critical Raw Materials within the Raw Materials Supply Group has proposed a list of critical elements which have the greatest economic importance and meet the requirements of sustainable development in Europe. The goal of this study was to examine steelmaking- and blast-furnace slags from metallurgical processes to determine concentrations of elements of the greatest criticality for Poland, e.g. Nb, Ta and REE, and to discuss the viability of their recovery. Slag analyses indicate enrichment of REE relative to UCC, NASC and average chondrite compositions in blast-furnace slags and Nb and Ta in steelmaking slags. To make recovery of these critical elements reasonable and profitable, it is recommended that they be recovered together with other useful raw materials.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"54 1","pages":"15 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88799117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Own studies and literature data allowed for the evaluation of sorbents in view of the general verification criteria, which are necessary for any sorbent to be applied with no harm to the environment. Polymeric forms of Al13and Si compounds are examples of mineral sorbents that influence metals' toxicity in the environment.
{"title":"Polymeric Forms of Al13and Silicon Compounds as Unconventional Binding Agents for some Toxic Metals in Soils","authors":"A. Badora","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Own studies and literature data allowed for the evaluation of sorbents in view of the general verification criteria, which are necessary for any sorbent to be applied with no harm to the environment. Polymeric forms of Al13and Si compounds are examples of mineral sorbents that influence metals' toxicity in the environment.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"20 1","pages":"29 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85600999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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