B. Suharno, F. Nurjaman, A. Rifki, R. Elvin, A. A. Putra, D. Ferdian
Abstract The effect of coke and bituminous coal on the reduction of medium-grade manganese ore in ferromanganese production was investigated. Charges of 30 kg medium grade manganese ore, 12 kg limestone and varied amounts of coke and coal were smelted in a Submerged Electric Arc Furnace (SAF) at temperatures of 1300°C to 1500°C. The composition of the ferromanganese and the slag were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence. It was found that using coke as a single reductant resulted in a 96% yield of ferromanganese which was higher than by using coal either as a single reductant or in a mixture of coal and coke. It was also found that using coke as a single reductant resulted in the lowest specific energy consumption. Using coal as reductant produced ferromanganese containing high sulfur and phosphorus.
{"title":"Coke and coal as reductants in manganese ore smelting: An experiment","authors":"B. Suharno, F. Nurjaman, A. Rifki, R. Elvin, A. A. Putra, D. Ferdian","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of coke and bituminous coal on the reduction of medium-grade manganese ore in ferromanganese production was investigated. Charges of 30 kg medium grade manganese ore, 12 kg limestone and varied amounts of coke and coal were smelted in a Submerged Electric Arc Furnace (SAF) at temperatures of 1300°C to 1500°C. The composition of the ferromanganese and the slag were determined by X-Ray Fluorescence. It was found that using coke as a single reductant resulted in a 96% yield of ferromanganese which was higher than by using coal either as a single reductant or in a mixture of coal and coke. It was also found that using coke as a single reductant resulted in the lowest specific energy consumption. Using coal as reductant produced ferromanganese containing high sulfur and phosphorus.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"41 1","pages":"35 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72562323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Wilczyńska-Michalik, R. Gasek, M. Michalik, J. Danko, Tadeusz Plaskota
Abstract Ash samples from biomass combustion or co-combustion with coal were analysed. The aim of this study of ash was to determine its mineral and chemical composition, and the chemical composition of solutions obtained during one-step water extraction. Besides the chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) were applied. The mineral and chemical composition of ash samples differ strongly. The content of heavy metals in the ash is generally low, but in some samples the limits of the content of some elements determined for fertilizers or soil amendments are exceeded. The relatively poor correlation between the concentration in leachate and bulk content in ash indicates that numerous elements are present in different forms in the studied samples. The results indicate that the potential use of biomass ash, or ash from biomass–coal co-combustion, requires complex studies that explore ash and leachates.
{"title":"Mineralogy, chemical composition and leachability of ash from biomass combustion and biomass–coal co-combustion","authors":"W. Wilczyńska-Michalik, R. Gasek, M. Michalik, J. Danko, Tadeusz Plaskota","doi":"10.2478/mipo-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ash samples from biomass combustion or co-combustion with coal were analysed. The aim of this study of ash was to determine its mineral and chemical composition, and the chemical composition of solutions obtained during one-step water extraction. Besides the chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) were applied. The mineral and chemical composition of ash samples differ strongly. The content of heavy metals in the ash is generally low, but in some samples the limits of the content of some elements determined for fertilizers or soil amendments are exceeded. The relatively poor correlation between the concentration in leachate and bulk content in ash indicates that numerous elements are present in different forms in the studied samples. The results indicate that the potential use of biomass ash, or ash from biomass–coal co-combustion, requires complex studies that explore ash and leachates.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"62 1","pages":"67 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84277488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents the legal aspects of the management of wastes that can be used as sorbents in environmental protection. The legal status of wastes with mineral characteristics - Carboniferous rock and mineral wool from horticulture - is discussed, where it is found that the number of legal acts cause difficulties in the utilisation of such wastes.
{"title":"Management of Carboniferous Rock and Waste Mineral Wool in the Context of Current Polish Legislation","authors":"D. Tomaszewska-Krojańska, J. Pranagal","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the legal aspects of the management of wastes that can be used as sorbents in environmental protection. The legal status of wastes with mineral characteristics - Carboniferous rock and mineral wool from horticulture - is discussed, where it is found that the number of legal acts cause difficulties in the utilisation of such wastes.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"65 1","pages":"63 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84381968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Muir, Magdalena Wołowiec, T. Bajda, P. Nowak, P. Czupryński
Abstract The use of zeolites as sorbents has been investigated as a replacement for existing costly methods of removing organic contaminants from water solutions. Zeolites can be modified by inorganic salts, organic surfactants, metals or metal oxides in order to increase their adsorption capacity. The unique ion exchange and adsorption properties of zeolites make them very suitable for application in the removal of organic compounds such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols and other complex petrochemicals. Many different studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing the concentrations of organic contaminants as well as petroleum derivatives in water, which has been summarized in this paper.
{"title":"The Removal of Organic Compounds by Natural and Synthetic Surface-Functionalized Zeolites: A Mini-Review","authors":"B. Muir, Magdalena Wołowiec, T. Bajda, P. Nowak, P. Czupryński","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of zeolites as sorbents has been investigated as a replacement for existing costly methods of removing organic contaminants from water solutions. Zeolites can be modified by inorganic salts, organic surfactants, metals or metal oxides in order to increase their adsorption capacity. The unique ion exchange and adsorption properties of zeolites make them very suitable for application in the removal of organic compounds such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols and other complex petrochemicals. Many different studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing the concentrations of organic contaminants as well as petroleum derivatives in water, which has been summarized in this paper.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"48 1","pages":"145 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85770045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Third Scientific and Technical Conference \"Minerals Sorbents\", Raw Materials, Power Engineering, Environmental Protection, Modern Technologies, 18–19 September 2017, Cracow","authors":"T. Bajda","doi":"10.1515/MIPO-2017-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/MIPO-2017-0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86647180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, halloysite-Fe3O4composites were synthesized by a chemical-precipitation method to facilitate magnetic separation of the sorbents from aqueous solution. The research focused on the effect of Fe3O4phase on the halloysite sorption properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed successful deposition of Fe3O4particles on a halloysite surface. They showed that the coating with Fe3O4particles enhanced the halloysite adsorption affinity toward Cd(II) and Pb(II). The highest adsorption capacity was determined for the composites having 10% of the surface deposited with Fe3O4. In this case, the adsorption capacity for Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 33 and 112 mmol·kg-1, respectively. The point of zero charge (pHPZC) and desorption results indicated that the removal mechanism of metals is mainly related to chemisorption involving reaction with hydroxyls of either halloysite or Fe3O4phase. The ion exchange is of limited importance due to the low cation exchange capacity (CEC) of halloysite - Fe3O4composites.
{"title":"Halloysite Composites with Fe3O4Particles: The Effect of Impregnation on the Removal of Aqueous Cd(II) And Pb(II)","authors":"P. Maziarz, J. Matusik","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, halloysite-Fe3O4composites were synthesized by a chemical-precipitation method to facilitate magnetic separation of the sorbents from aqueous solution. The research focused on the effect of Fe3O4phase on the halloysite sorption properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed successful deposition of Fe3O4particles on a halloysite surface. They showed that the coating with Fe3O4particles enhanced the halloysite adsorption affinity toward Cd(II) and Pb(II). The highest adsorption capacity was determined for the composites having 10% of the surface deposited with Fe3O4. In this case, the adsorption capacity for Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 33 and 112 mmol·kg-1, respectively. The point of zero charge (pHPZC) and desorption results indicated that the removal mechanism of metals is mainly related to chemisorption involving reaction with hydroxyls of either halloysite or Fe3O4phase. The ion exchange is of limited importance due to the low cation exchange capacity (CEC) of halloysite - Fe3O4composites.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"358 1","pages":"107 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76515806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article discusses the impact of choosing a data preprocessing method for the calculated gas density necessary to determine the sorption capacity of a material. The sample of gas-bearing shale was subjected to a volumetric sorption test. The obtained data, pressure and temperature were preprocessed by three methods: moving average, polynomial regression and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing. The results include the excess and absolute sorption calculated from data that were filtered, and data without pre-treatment and Langmuir isotherms’ coefficients for every case.
{"title":"Data Preprocessing and Its Influence on the Adsorption Capacity of Calculated Shale. Comparison of Selected Methods: A Case Study","authors":"P. Waszczuk","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses the impact of choosing a data preprocessing method for the calculated gas density necessary to determine the sorption capacity of a material. The sample of gas-bearing shale was subjected to a volumetric sorption test. The obtained data, pressure and temperature were preprocessed by three methods: moving average, polynomial regression and locally weighted scatterplot smoothing. The results include the excess and absolute sorption calculated from data that were filtered, and data without pre-treatment and Langmuir isotherms’ coefficients for every case.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"38 1","pages":"157 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73991801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents the results of research into calcareous waste from the production process of oxide propylene. The obtained results show a considerable chemical diversity of calcareous waste with a predominant percentage share of Ca, C and Cl, which are the products of the process. It was shown that the share of calcium bonded in CaCO3was over 20%, which is indicative of the secondary carbonisation process taking place in the waste. The morphological and structural analyses revealed that the grains had a surface area above 12% and a percentage porosity in the range of 25-35%. The reactivity test made it possible to classify calcareous waste as a material for sorbents of 'satisfactory' sorption properties, insufficient to be effectively used in the power sector. For the stored waste to be reused, it is necessary to improve its sorption abilities through the application of a properly selected activation method.
{"title":"The Characteristics and the Concept of the Utilisation of Post-Production Calcareous Waste Deposited in Landfills","authors":"A. Pajdak, A. Szymanek","doi":"10.1515/mipo-2017-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents the results of research into calcareous waste from the production process of oxide propylene. The obtained results show a considerable chemical diversity of calcareous waste with a predominant percentage share of Ca, C and Cl, which are the products of the process. It was shown that the share of calcium bonded in CaCO3was over 20%, which is indicative of the secondary carbonisation process taking place in the waste. The morphological and structural analyses revealed that the grains had a surface area above 12% and a percentage porosity in the range of 25-35%. The reactivity test made it possible to classify calcareous waste as a material for sorbents of 'satisfactory' sorption properties, insufficient to be effectively used in the power sector. For the stored waste to be reused, it is necessary to improve its sorption abilities through the application of a properly selected activation method.","PeriodicalId":18686,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogia","volume":"58 7 1","pages":"167 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83676359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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