To complement experimental study, in-silico molecular docking was carried out to access and understand the interacting binding energy dynamism of some experimental potent anti-epilepsy compounds on the GABAT enzyme’s (A causative agent for epilepsy disorder) binding site. The Autoduck vina docking option of Pyrx multipurpose simulation software was used in this study to perform docking simulations. Four anti-epilepsy drug (AED) candidates was designed (Anti-epilepsy disorders) through a structural based drug technique. All the designed AED candidates shows stable binding interaction energies. Out of the four designed compounds, 9-decyl-8-methyl-6-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl)-9H-purine shows better binding energy with GABAT. The docked energy score of the compound (7.8Kcal/mole) was better than the binding energy scores of the standard anti-epilepsy compounds, Carbamazepine (-6.5kcal/mole) and Valproate (-4.5kcal/mole). With this level of interaction, this drug candidate could bind better on the enzyme’s binding site. Also, the pharmacokinetic properties investigation revealed that all designed AED candidates could be synthesized easily, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted from the body. Therefore, this drug candidate could be synthesized and used effectively for the treatment and management of epilepsy disorder.
{"title":"Molecular Docking, Design and Pharmacokinetics Study of Some Anti-Epilepsy Compounds","authors":"G. Shallangwa, A. Uzairu, Usman Abdulfatai","doi":"10.5539/mas.v15n5p67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n5p67","url":null,"abstract":"To complement experimental study, in-silico molecular docking was carried out to access and understand the interacting binding energy dynamism of some experimental potent anti-epilepsy compounds on the GABAT enzyme’s (A causative agent for epilepsy disorder) binding site. The Autoduck vina docking option of Pyrx multipurpose simulation software was used in this study to perform docking simulations. Four anti-epilepsy drug (AED) candidates was designed (Anti-epilepsy disorders) through a structural based drug technique. All the designed AED candidates shows stable binding interaction energies. Out of the four designed compounds, 9-decyl-8-methyl-6-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl)-9H-purine shows better binding energy with GABAT. The docked energy score of the compound (7.8Kcal/mole) was better than the binding energy scores of the standard anti-epilepsy compounds, Carbamazepine (-6.5kcal/mole) and Valproate (-4.5kcal/mole). With this level of interaction, this drug candidate could bind better on the enzyme’s binding site. Also, the pharmacokinetic properties investigation revealed that all designed AED candidates could be synthesized easily, absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted from the body. Therefore, this drug candidate could be synthesized and used effectively for the treatment and management of epilepsy disorder.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79493056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abeer Shmait, Nour El Ghouch, J. A. Boukhari, A. Abdel-Gaber, R. Awad
ZnO and ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared NPs were incorporated into epoxy (EP) coating with mass ratios 200 800 mg/kg of ZnO NPs/EP and ZnAl2O4 NPs /EP. The prepared coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their mechanical properties were investigated, at room temperature, after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of preparation. Tensile tests showed an improvement in the tensile properties, with the best improvement in ultimate tensile strength (93.2%) for 800 mg/kg ZnAl2O4 NPs/EP coating after 15 days of preparation. The ZnO NPs/EP and ZnAl2O4 NPs/EP coatings exhibited noticeable sensitivity to the stretching rate. Vickers microhardness (Hv) investigations showed normal indentation size effect behavior for all the samples. The best improvement in Hv was attained after 5 days of preparation, for all coatings, with the best improvement (9.15%) for 700 mg/kg ZnO NPs/EP.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of ZnO and ZnAl2O4 Nanoparticles on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Coating: Tensile and Hardness","authors":"Abeer Shmait, Nour El Ghouch, J. A. Boukhari, A. Abdel-Gaber, R. Awad","doi":"10.5539/mas.v15n5p45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n5p45","url":null,"abstract":"ZnO and ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared NPs were incorporated into epoxy (EP) coating with mass ratios 200 800 mg/kg of ZnO NPs/EP and ZnAl2O4 NPs /EP. The prepared coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their mechanical properties were investigated, at room temperature, after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of preparation. Tensile tests showed an improvement in the tensile properties, with the best improvement in ultimate tensile strength (93.2%) for 800 mg/kg ZnAl2O4 NPs/EP coating after 15 days of preparation. The ZnO NPs/EP and ZnAl2O4 NPs/EP coatings exhibited noticeable sensitivity to the stretching rate. Vickers microhardness (Hv) investigations showed normal indentation size effect behavior for all the samples. The best improvement in Hv was attained after 5 days of preparation, for all coatings, with the best improvement (9.15%) for 700 mg/kg ZnO NPs/EP.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76433273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sub-Saharan African communities bear the highest burden of HIV/AIDS in the world. Because of identifiable cultural links and local beliefs, people are more likely to engage in sexual mores that could negatively impact their life. Starting in early 2000, Congolese HIV+ patients have undergone a variety of medico-social inputs designed to decrease risky behaviors among people in the program and their family members. Goals: This inquiry aimed to understand how PLWHs assess the influence of community-based incentives within their society, as primarily conceived to improve daily behaviors of each person living with HIV (PLWH), and a few selected family members with unknown HIV-serostatus. Methods: From December 2020 to March 2021, a cross-sectional study was engaged to gather qualitative-driven information from nine in-depth interviews, three focus groups, and two key-informant interviews. Changes were self-assessed through data gotten from 2004-2014 in sexual cleansing, levirate and sororate marriage, Kintwidi phenomenon, stigma and discrimination, sexual gender-based violence (SGBV) and female genital mutilation (FGM), unprotected receptive vaginal or anal intercourse, and behavioral rejection of condoms throughout a decade of Congolese Community-based Interventions (CBIs) implemented from 2004. Grounded on the socioecological model (SEM), this ethnographic study was based on the meaning of the influence of CBIs on cultural behaviors among PLWHs for HIV/AIDS prevention purposes. Results: Data from Kinshasa and Bandundu were coded and analyzed through NVivo R1 and Excel, showing significant negative sentiments for all eight key-cultural components in PLWHs. Conclusion: Out of the holistic approach employed to tackle HIV/AIDS in communities, the comprehensive strategy enabled for social change in Congo-Kinshasa brought specific impactful insights in terms of behavior according to interviewed PLWHs. Findings could be used to inform further preventive activities to alleviate any community HIV burden in sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"Community-Based Interventions and Behaviors of HIV+ Persons in Congo-Kinshasa","authors":"Max Ebengho-Bokelo, Jeremy Super-Eloko","doi":"10.5539/mas.v15n5p27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n5p27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sub-Saharan African communities bear the highest burden of HIV/AIDS in the world. Because of identifiable cultural links and local beliefs, people are more likely to engage in sexual mores that could negatively impact their life. Starting in early 2000, Congolese HIV+ patients have undergone a variety of medico-social inputs designed to decrease risky behaviors among people in the program and their family members. \u0000Goals: This inquiry aimed to understand how PLWHs assess the influence of community-based incentives within their society, as primarily conceived to improve daily behaviors of each person living with HIV (PLWH), and a few selected family members with unknown HIV-serostatus. \u0000Methods: From December 2020 to March 2021, a cross-sectional study was engaged to gather qualitative-driven information from nine in-depth interviews, three focus groups, and two key-informant interviews. Changes were self-assessed through data gotten from 2004-2014 in sexual cleansing, levirate and sororate marriage, Kintwidi phenomenon, stigma and discrimination, sexual gender-based violence (SGBV) and female genital mutilation (FGM), unprotected receptive vaginal or anal intercourse, and behavioral rejection of condoms throughout a decade of Congolese Community-based Interventions (CBIs) implemented from 2004. Grounded on the socioecological model (SEM), this ethnographic study was based on the meaning of the influence of CBIs on cultural behaviors among PLWHs for HIV/AIDS prevention purposes. \u0000Results: Data from Kinshasa and Bandundu were coded and analyzed through NVivo R1 and Excel, showing significant negative sentiments for all eight key-cultural components in PLWHs. \u0000Conclusion: Out of the holistic approach employed to tackle HIV/AIDS in communities, the comprehensive strategy enabled for social change in Congo-Kinshasa brought specific impactful insights in terms of behavior according to interviewed PLWHs. Findings could be used to inform further preventive activities to alleviate any community HIV burden in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88063347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a sort of wireless ad hoc network which are used to provide communications between nodes. The frequent topology change is considered a unique feature of VANET nature due to the high movement of its participating vehicles. Thus, the design of a routing protocol that could cope with VANET characteristics is very challenging. Position-based routing protocols are the most suitable approaches for VANET. In this paper researcher broadly discussed Beacon-based Non-Delay Tolerant Geographical-based routing protocols for VANET. The main concern is to discuss the characteristics disadvantages of those protocols. Finally, several research directions relevant to the focus of this survey are identified that define preferred features of the appropriate routing protocol that can cope with VANET challenges.
{"title":"Beacon-Based Non-Delay Tolerant Routing Protocols for VANET: A Systematic Comparison","authors":"Mahmoud Ali Al Shugran","doi":"10.5539/mas.v15n5p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n5p12","url":null,"abstract":"A Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a sort of wireless ad hoc network which are used to provide communications between nodes. The frequent topology change is considered a unique feature of VANET nature due to the high movement of its participating vehicles. Thus, the design of a routing protocol that could cope with VANET characteristics is very challenging. Position-based routing protocols are the most suitable approaches for VANET. In this paper researcher broadly discussed Beacon-based Non-Delay Tolerant Geographical-based routing protocols for VANET. The main concern is to discuss the characteristics disadvantages of those protocols. Finally, several research directions relevant to the focus of this survey are identified that define preferred features of the appropriate routing protocol that can cope with VANET challenges.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88819863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study aimed to identify Palestinian university students' perceptions of using distance education in light of the Coronavirus crisis from the students' point of view, depending on the differences between gender or the university in which they study. The descriptive approach was used for the current research. The 25-paragraph questionnaire was distributed electronically through social media sites due to the closure of universities. The sample of the study was formed from (73) distributed among (16) males and (57) females and distributed to universities came (42) students of Palestine Technical University Khudouri, and (19) students of Al-Najah University and (12) students of Arab American University. The study found that Distance Education was a problem for students because of the constant need for Internet service, while Distance Education helped them with multiple sources of information. Moreover, Distance Education did not make it easier to understand teaching subjects better, nor did it make education popular for students. They preferred education that was more remote than Distance Education. The study also did not find any differences in the perceptions of Palestinian university students to use distance education in light of the Coronavirus crisis due to the variable of gender or university. The most important recommendations are providing an appropriate educational structure for implementing e-learning in Palestinian universities and removing all human, material and technical obstacles that prevent its spread in the educational system in various stages and fields. And that there is a need for Palestinian universities to offer materials that provide students with e-learning skills and techniques to facilitate the process of interaction and benefit by students with Educational materials provided electronically.
{"title":"Palestinian University Students' Perceptions of Distance Education in Light of the Coronavirus Crisis","authors":"Rima Wajih Hamed Daraghmeh","doi":"10.5539/mas.v15n5p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v15n5p1","url":null,"abstract":"A study aimed to identify Palestinian university students' perceptions of using distance education in light of the Coronavirus crisis from the students' point of view, depending on the differences between gender or the university in which they study. The descriptive approach was used for the current research. The 25-paragraph questionnaire was distributed electronically through social media sites due to the closure of universities. The sample of the study was formed from (73) distributed among (16) males and (57) females and distributed to universities came (42) students of Palestine Technical University Khudouri, and (19) students of Al-Najah University and (12) students of Arab American University. \u0000The study found that Distance Education was a problem for students because of the constant need for Internet service, while Distance Education helped them with multiple sources of information. Moreover, Distance Education did not make it easier to understand teaching subjects better, nor did it make education popular for students. They preferred education that was more remote than Distance Education. The study also did not find any differences in the perceptions of Palestinian university students to use distance education in light of the Coronavirus crisis due to the variable of gender or university. \u0000The most important recommendations are providing an appropriate educational structure for implementing e-learning in Palestinian universities and removing all human, material and technical obstacles that prevent its spread in the educational system in various stages and fields. And that there is a need for Palestinian universities to offer materials that provide students with e-learning skills and techniques to facilitate the process of interaction and benefit by students with Educational materials provided electronically.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81307093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted at Kyambogo University Farm in randomized complete block design with three replications to assess the effect of NPK (17:17:17) fertilizer on the growth and tuber yields of two newly developed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14. Cassava varieties were assigned to the main plots, while fertilizer rates (zero/control, 200, 400, 600 kg/ha) were sub-plots. Fertilizer was applied in two splits, at planting and four months after planting. Fertilizer application significantly (P<0.05) increased the cassava stem heights to first branching and at harvest, and the number of stems per plant when compared with the control treatments. Mean stem heights to first branching and at harvest of plants that received NPK were higher than those of the respective control treatments by 62.8 and 70.5% for NAROCASS 1, and 57.0 and 76.5% for NASE 14, respectively. Fertilizer rate of 400 kg/ha significantly increased the lengths, numbers of tubers and tuber yields per plant when compared with the control treatments. Mean lengths, numbers of tubers and tuber yields of plants that received NPK were higher than those of respective control treatments by 48.2, 36.9 and 68.3% for NAROCASS 1, and 39.9, 50.5 and 67.6% for NASE 14, respectively. Therefore, to achieve optimum tuber yields of newly developed cassava varieties, farmers should integrate NPK fertilizer application into already existing management practices, particularly the use of high quality planting materials and integrated pest, disease and weed management. However, government ministries concerned should ensure that inorganic fertilizers are readily accessible and affordable to farmers.
{"title":"Yield Performance of Newly Developed Cassava Varieties in Response to Inorganic Fertilizers","authors":"S. Katuromunda, Benson Ekwaro, Boniface Wanaku","doi":"10.5539/MAS.V15N4P60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/MAS.V15N4P60","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted at Kyambogo University Farm in randomized complete block design with three replications to assess the effect of NPK (17:17:17) fertilizer on the growth and tuber yields of two newly developed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14. Cassava varieties were assigned to the main plots, while fertilizer rates (zero/control, 200, 400, 600 kg/ha) were sub-plots. Fertilizer was applied in two splits, at planting and four months after planting. Fertilizer application significantly (P<0.05) increased the cassava stem heights to first branching and at harvest, and the number of stems per plant when compared with the control treatments. Mean stem heights to first branching and at harvest of plants that received NPK were higher than those of the respective control treatments by 62.8 and 70.5% for NAROCASS 1, and 57.0 and 76.5% for NASE 14, respectively. Fertilizer rate of 400 kg/ha significantly increased the lengths, numbers of tubers and tuber yields per plant when compared with the control treatments. Mean lengths, numbers of tubers and tuber yields of plants that received NPK were higher than those of respective control treatments by 48.2, 36.9 and 68.3% for NAROCASS 1, and 39.9, 50.5 and 67.6% for NASE 14, respectively. Therefore, to achieve optimum tuber yields of newly developed cassava varieties, farmers should integrate NPK fertilizer application into already existing management practices, particularly the use of high quality planting materials and integrated pest, disease and weed management. However, government ministries concerned should ensure that inorganic fertilizers are readily accessible and affordable to farmers.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90657178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dramas made in Turkey are the most popular soap opera-type in the Arab world and are often watched by women. This study aimed to investigate, from a critical perspective, the impact that Turkish dramas (TDs) might have on developing attitudes of Saudi women. While more than 60 country-specific studies in the Middle East and North Africa have investigated the impact of dramas on audiences, Research regarding Saudi Arabia is surprisingly lacking. Therefore, the effect of TDs on Saudi women was examined as part of this study. Qualitative methodology was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Saudi women (aged between 18 and 40) who have watched TDs. Following the groupings, qualitative analysis techniques were employed as part of thematic analysis (TA). The responses of Saudi women highlighted the different types of impacts that TDs have on Saudi audiences: positive, negative, and neutral. The study made a small but essential contribution to an under-researched issue of pleasures of TDs and their representational heuristics in capturing both positive, negative, and so much in between for a particular cohort of Saudi women. It is the first qualitative examination of the impact of TDs on Saudi women's attitudes.
{"title":"The Influence of Turkish Drama on Socio-Cultural Values of Saudi Women","authors":"Merfat Alardawi, Ayman Bajnaid, P. Brereton","doi":"10.5539/MAS.V15N4P47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/MAS.V15N4P47","url":null,"abstract":"Dramas made in Turkey are the most popular soap opera-type in the Arab world and are often watched by women. This study aimed to investigate, from a critical perspective, the impact that Turkish dramas (TDs) might have on developing attitudes of Saudi women. While more than 60 country-specific studies in the Middle East and North Africa have investigated the impact of dramas on audiences, Research regarding Saudi Arabia is surprisingly lacking. Therefore, the effect of TDs on Saudi women was examined as part of this study. Qualitative methodology was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Saudi women (aged between 18 and 40) who have watched TDs. Following the groupings, qualitative analysis techniques were employed as part of thematic analysis (TA). The responses of Saudi women highlighted the different types of impacts that TDs have on Saudi audiences: positive, negative, and neutral. The study made a small but essential contribution to an under-researched issue of pleasures of TDs and their representational heuristics in capturing both positive, negative, and so much in between for a particular cohort of Saudi women. It is the first qualitative examination of the impact of TDs on Saudi women's attitudes. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89282809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of using electronic software in the development the English language skills among students at primary stage, the researcher used a semi-experimental approach, and he chose an intentional sample, which consisted of (100) eighth grade students from Marj Al-Hamam Elementary School in the Directorate of Education in Wadi Al-Seer in Amman during the first semester of 2019/2020. The study sample was randomly distributed into two groups: the experimental and control with (50) students in each. The study tool was prepared, which is an achievement test (before and after me) and their validity and reliability were verified. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level (a = 0.05) between the mean scores of the control group and the experimental group, in favor of the experimental group in the post-test first studied using the electronic software. The study showed that there is an effect of electronic software in the development of English language skills. In light of the results, the researcher recommended the use of electronic software in schools.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Electronic Software in Developing English Language Skills for Eighth Grade Students in Wadi Al-Seer Directorate of Education/Jordan","authors":"Hamza Maharmah","doi":"10.5539/MAS.V15N4P37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/MAS.V15N4P37","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of using electronic software in the development the English language skills among students at primary stage, the researcher used a semi-experimental approach, and he chose an intentional sample, which consisted of (100) eighth grade students from Marj Al-Hamam Elementary School in the Directorate of Education in Wadi Al-Seer in Amman during the first semester of 2019/2020. The study sample was randomly distributed into two groups: the experimental and control with (50) students in each. The study tool was prepared, which is an achievement test (before and after me) and their validity and reliability were verified. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level (a = 0.05) between the mean scores of the control group and the experimental group, in favor of the experimental group in the post-test first studied using the electronic software. The study showed that there is an effect of electronic software in the development of English language skills. In light of the results, the researcher recommended the use of electronic software in schools.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76837182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social CRM is a new technology that integrates social networking activities within traditional CRM itself. Social media might be the most effective strategy in the context of CRM technology concerning the availability of efforts and time by owners. Therefore, it’s important for financial institutions to take advantage of it upon this opportunity by considering social CRM as part of development and enhancing relationship with their customers. Nevertheless, little empirical studies have focused on adoption of social CRM in banking sector. This research paper aims to investigate the factors that impact banks’ intention to adopt social CRM, based on combining the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. TOE variables such as top management support and relative advantages found to have a direct impact on the two TAM mediating variables (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), and an indirect impact on social CRM adoption. Further, results suggested that consumer pressure and competitive pressure have a direct impact on social CRM adoption. The researcher tested the hypothesis using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings from a survey of 220 employees in banks in Palestine showed that all eight hypotheses were supported as both consumer pressure and competitive pressure in the environmental context have a significant direct impact on social CRM adoption intention, followed by top management support in organizational and technological contexts; relative advantages have the most significant impact on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness which in turn, have a direct and significant impact on social CRM adoption intention. The contribution of the study, limitations, future studies and conclusion are presented.
{"title":"Adoption Model of Social Customer Relationship Management in the Palestinian Banking Sector","authors":"M. Ramadan, Derar Eleyan","doi":"10.5539/MAS.V15N4P23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/MAS.V15N4P23","url":null,"abstract":"Social CRM is a new technology that integrates social networking activities within traditional CRM itself. Social media might be the most effective strategy in the context of CRM technology concerning the availability of efforts and time by owners. Therefore, it’s important for financial institutions to take advantage of it upon this opportunity by considering social CRM as part of development and enhancing relationship with their customers. Nevertheless, little empirical studies have focused on adoption of social CRM in banking sector. This research paper aims to investigate the factors that impact banks’ intention to adopt social CRM, based on combining the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. TOE variables such as top management support and relative advantages found to have a direct impact on the two TAM mediating variables (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), and an indirect impact on social CRM adoption. Further, results suggested that consumer pressure and competitive pressure have a direct impact on social CRM adoption. The researcher tested the hypothesis using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings from a survey of 220 employees in banks in Palestine showed that all eight hypotheses were supported as both consumer pressure and competitive pressure in the environmental context have a significant direct impact on social CRM adoption intention, followed by top management support in organizational and technological contexts; relative advantages have the most significant impact on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness which in turn, have a direct and significant impact on social CRM adoption intention. The contribution of the study, limitations, future studies and conclusion are presented.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89180300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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