Andriamahefasoa Rajaonison, Ives Abel Fetra Andriatsitohaina Rabesahala, H. T. Rakotondramiarana
Due to their polluting characteristics, fossil fuels presently tend to be replaced by renewable energy resources. Anaerobic digestion is a recent technology for producing biofuels. As a biochemical method to produce biogas, it is more environmentally friendly than other processes and is almost non-polluting. The anaerobic co-digestion is an upgrade of the mono-digestion since some limitations of the single-substrate degradation were solved by digesting two or more substrates. The present review gives an overview of the progress made in the anaerobic co-digestion technology. Appearing as a complex technology, lots of factors can affect its operation. Those factors include the choice and the composition of the substrates, the ratio between the substrates and the inoculum, the pretreatment, the environmental conditions, the operational parameters, and the post-treatment at the end of the process. Analytical and empirical tools for the assessment of the whole system in terms of biodegradability and synergy of the substrates, the efficiency of the process, and the identification of the operation inhibitors are also presented in this paper.
{"title":"Recent Advance in Anaerobic Co-digestion Technology: A Review","authors":"Andriamahefasoa Rajaonison, Ives Abel Fetra Andriatsitohaina Rabesahala, H. T. Rakotondramiarana","doi":"10.5539/mas.v14n6p90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n6p90","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their polluting characteristics, fossil fuels presently tend to be replaced by renewable energy resources. Anaerobic digestion is a recent technology for producing biofuels. As a biochemical method to produce biogas, it is more environmentally friendly than other processes and is almost non-polluting. The anaerobic co-digestion is an upgrade of the mono-digestion since some limitations of the single-substrate degradation were solved by digesting two or more substrates. The present review gives an overview of the progress made in the anaerobic co-digestion technology. Appearing as a complex technology, lots of factors can affect its operation. Those factors include the choice and the composition of the substrates, the ratio between the substrates and the inoculum, the pretreatment, the environmental conditions, the operational parameters, and the post-treatment at the end of the process. Analytical and empirical tools for the assessment of the whole system in terms of biodegradability and synergy of the substrates, the efficiency of the process, and the identification of the operation inhibitors are also presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77546515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 14, No. 5, May 2020
《现代应用科学》，第14卷第5期，2020年5月
{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 14, No. 5, May 2020","authors":"Sunny Lee","doi":"10.5539/mas.v14n5p94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n5p94","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 14, No. 5, May 2020","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79828288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information technology has much promoted the development of optical technology. With the help of computer technology, people can design and manufacture more complex optical systems than before, to obtain ideal imaging quality. The complexity of the optical system brings enormous challenges to optical alignment. Optical system alignment is the crucial link of transforming the excellent optical design into instruments with good performance in reality. Precision alignment of an optical system requires precise adjustment of each component's degree of freedom using a specific adjusting mechanism. Due to the quantification and compensation correction for the coordinates coupling relationship among each dimension adjusting freedom of the adjusting frame can not be carried out. Generally, the coordinates coupling problem is usually ignored in optical system alignment, to cause the optical adjustment error. This paper carries out an analysis for the coupling relationship among each dimension motion freedom of multi-dimensional precision optical adjusting frame in details by mathematical modeling and simulation, the decomposed transformation for each dimension adjusting mount of multi-dimensional precision optical adjusting frame, and the compensation correction for the coordinates coupling among each dimension adjusting mount. The test results show that this method can effectively reduce the difference between the actual mechanical adjusting mount and the expected optical adjusting mount, to achieve more accurate optical adjustment.
{"title":"Analysis of Coordinates Decoupling of Multi-Dimensional Precision Optical Adjusting Frame in Optical Alignment","authors":"Yong Luo","doi":"10.5539/mas.v14n5p29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n5p29","url":null,"abstract":"Information technology has much promoted the development of optical technology. With the help of computer technology, people can design and manufacture more complex optical systems than before, to obtain ideal imaging quality. The complexity of the optical system brings enormous challenges to optical alignment. Optical system alignment is the crucial link of transforming the excellent optical design into instruments with good performance in reality. Precision alignment of an optical system requires precise adjustment of each component's degree of freedom using a specific adjusting mechanism. Due to the quantification and compensation correction for the coordinates coupling relationship among each dimension adjusting freedom of the adjusting frame can not be carried out. Generally, the coordinates coupling problem is usually ignored in optical system alignment, to cause the optical adjustment error. This paper carries out an analysis for the coupling relationship among each dimension motion freedom of multi-dimensional precision optical adjusting frame in details by mathematical modeling and simulation, the decomposed transformation for each dimension adjusting mount of multi-dimensional precision optical adjusting frame, and the compensation correction for the coordinates coupling among each dimension adjusting mount. The test results show that this method can effectively reduce the difference between the actual mechanical adjusting mount and the expected optical adjusting mount, to achieve more accurate optical adjustment.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77249600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of location-aware devices and location-based services enables big data to provide a convenient and efficient way to study the dynamics of urban population distribution. Based on the Baidu heat map data, the spatial-temporal population aggregation in the main urban areas of Chengdu City was explored in the context of the Spring Festival. The results suggested that population aggregation showed regular fluctuation within a day, consistent with the commuting activities. Also, population mobility showed difference before, during and after the festival; population density during the holiday was significantly lower than that on the other two working days, meanwhile the heat value on the working day before the festival was slightly higher than that after the festival. The conclusion showed that the Spring Festival affected the population distribution density. Chinese government’s emergent measures taken to suppress the nationwide spread of COVID_19 at early 2020 also had great influence on the low population aggregation during and after the Spring Festival, indicating the effectiveness of emergency control of human interactions. Better understanding of Spatial-temporal dynamics of population aggregation during the Spring Festival is of great value for optimizing the city expansion and structure planning.
{"title":"Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Population Aggregation during the Spring Festival based on Baidu Heat Map in Central Area of Chengdu City, China","authors":"Yunjiao Zhou","doi":"10.5539/mas.v14n4p44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n4p44","url":null,"abstract":"The application of location-aware devices and location-based services enables big data to provide a convenient and efficient way to study the dynamics of urban population distribution. Based on the Baidu heat map data, the spatial-temporal population aggregation in the main urban areas of Chengdu City was explored in the context of the Spring Festival. The results suggested that population aggregation showed regular fluctuation within a day, consistent with the commuting activities. Also, population mobility showed difference before, during and after the festival; population density during the holiday was significantly lower than that on the other two working days, meanwhile the heat value on the working day before the festival was slightly higher than that after the festival. The conclusion showed that the Spring Festival affected the population distribution density. Chinese government’s emergent measures taken to suppress the nationwide spread of COVID_19 at early 2020 also had great influence on the low population aggregation during and after the Spring Festival, indicating the effectiveness of emergency control of human interactions. Better understanding of Spatial-temporal dynamics of population aggregation during the Spring Festival is of great value for optimizing the city expansion and structure planning.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81042799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the impact of changes to the packet capacities of queue nodes on the performance of congestion algorithms. The dynamic random early drop (DRED) algorithm is crucial in managing congestion, predicting it, and selecting the optimal packet number. Two performance measures were employed to evaluate the effect of varying packet capacities, namely throughput and average queuing delay. Plasticity and efficacy of varying capacities of queue nodes was examined, and varying packet capacities of queue nodes were compared to assess performance. The first queue node performed more effectively than the second queue node in terms of throughput, while the second queue node outperformed the third queue node on both measures.
{"title":"Influencing Performance Measurements through Varying Packet Capacities of Queue Nodes - DRED","authors":"Jafar Ababneh","doi":"10.5539/MAS.V14N4P23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/MAS.V14N4P23","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the impact of changes to the packet capacities of queue nodes on the performance of congestion algorithms. The dynamic random early drop (DRED) algorithm is crucial in managing congestion, predicting it, and selecting the optimal packet number. Two performance measures were employed to evaluate the effect of varying packet capacities, namely throughput and average queuing delay. Plasticity and efficacy of varying capacities of queue nodes was examined, and varying packet capacities of queue nodes were compared to assess performance. The first queue node performed more effectively than the second queue node in terms of throughput, while the second queue node outperformed the third queue node on both measures.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84372885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to identify students' attitudes and faculty members at Israa University towards distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic. A questionnaire was developed that included two pictures (student photo/faculty member photo). Each image in the questionnaire consisted of (30) items distributed into three areas: Learning and teaching, assessment and testing, and learning and communication management, where acceptable coefficients of validity and reliability were achieved for the two questionnaire images, and applying them to an available sample of Al-Isra University students and faculty members, consisted of (365) male and female students, and (119) faculty members during the first semester of the academic year (2020-2021 AD). The study results revealed that the attitudes of students and faculty members at Israa University towards distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic came at a medium level. The presence of statistical differences in students' attitudes at Israa University towards distance learning due to the gender variable and the differences were in favor of males. There were no statistically significant differences in Al Isra University students' attitudes towards distance learning due to the vari of college. The variablee results also revealed no statistically significant differences in the faculty members' attitudes at Al-Isra University towards distance learning due to the variable of academic rank. In light of the study results, the researchers recommended developing the values of self-awareness and twenty-first-century skills such as self and continuous learning, and interest in developing distance learning applications and platforms, and conducting future studies on distance learning and the effectiveness of educational platforms and electronic applications in light of various variables.
{"title":"Attitudes of Students and Faculty Members at Israa University towards Distance Learning in Light of the Corona Pandemic","authors":"Abdulrahman Al-Yamani, Safia M. Jabali","doi":"10.5539/MAS.V15N1P122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/MAS.V15N1P122","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify students' attitudes and faculty members at Israa University towards distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic. A questionnaire was developed that included two pictures (student photo/faculty member photo). Each image in the questionnaire consisted of (30) items distributed into three areas: Learning and teaching, assessment and testing, and learning and communication management, where acceptable coefficients of validity and reliability were achieved for the two questionnaire images, and applying them to an available sample of Al-Isra University students and faculty members, consisted of (365) male and female students, and (119) faculty members during the first semester of the academic year (2020-2021 AD). The study results revealed that the attitudes of students and faculty members at Israa University towards distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic came at a medium level. The presence of statistical differences in students' attitudes at Israa University towards distance learning due to the gender variable and the differences were in favor of males. There were no statistically significant differences in Al Isra University students' attitudes towards distance learning due to the vari of college. The variablee results also revealed no statistically significant differences in the faculty members' attitudes at Al-Isra University towards distance learning due to the variable of academic rank. In light of the study results, the researchers recommended developing the values of self-awareness and twenty-first-century skills such as self and continuous learning, and interest in developing distance learning applications and platforms, and conducting future studies on distance learning and the effectiveness of educational platforms and electronic applications in light of various variables.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77059955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Elhajrat, O. Elouatssi, A. Abbassi, F. Essahlaoui, M. Aftatah
In current local area networks, multimode fibers (MMFs), mainly graded index (GI) MMFs, are the main types of fibers used for data communications. Because of their high bandwidth, they are considered the main method of transmission that allows to offer multiservice broadband services using optical multiplexing techniques. The MGDM (ModeGroup Division Multiplexing) is a Multiplexing technique, which aims to improve the performance of the multimode optical fiber by spatially multiplexing the data streams to be transmitted. In this work, we study optical MIMO (multi-input multi-output) transmission systems on an MMF optical fiber, specifically the adaptation of the architecture of MIMO transmission systems. In this context, we have studied the mode group multiplexing technique (MDGM), to evaluate the transmission capacity. In fact, the latter depends on the injection conditions and the state of the optical fiber.
{"title":"Study of Optical MIMO Transmission Systems Using the MGDM Multiplexing Technique","authors":"N. Elhajrat, O. Elouatssi, A. Abbassi, F. Essahlaoui, M. Aftatah","doi":"10.5539/mas.v14n1p34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n1p34","url":null,"abstract":"In current local area networks, multimode fibers (MMFs), mainly graded index (GI) MMFs, are the main types of fibers used for data communications. Because of their high bandwidth, they are considered the main method of transmission that allows to offer multiservice broadband services using optical multiplexing techniques. \u0000 \u0000The MGDM (ModeGroup Division Multiplexing) is a Multiplexing technique, which aims to improve the performance of the multimode optical fiber by spatially multiplexing the data streams to be transmitted. In this work, we study optical MIMO (multi-input multi-output) transmission systems on an MMF optical fiber, specifically the adaptation of the architecture of MIMO transmission systems. In this context, we have studied the mode group multiplexing technique (MDGM), to evaluate the transmission capacity. In fact, the latter depends on the injection conditions and the state of the optical fiber.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85099459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study well shed some light on a proposed role for Jordanian universities to integrate education on sustainable development in the educational learning process, the study used the descriptive method, and a questionnaire of (30) terms has been set. The validity of the tool was verified. 300 faculty members from Jordanian official universities namely: Jordan, Yarmouk and Mutata University, were randomly selected. The study concluded the following results: -The opinion of the faculty members of Jordanian universities on the idea of integrating education with sustainable development in the educational process was moderate. - The study showed differences in statistical semantics, depending on the type of the faculty, academic rank and gender, where these indications favored the scientific colleges, professorship rank and female sex. - The study hopes that the Ministry of Higher Education will take the concept of sustainable development in the educational process to enhance cooperation between universities and public and private institutions in society, in order to develop new and innovative disciplines that meet the needs of the new stage.
{"title":"A Proposed Educational Role for Jordanian Universities to Integrate Education into Sustainable Development in the Educational Learning Process","authors":"M. Nadi","doi":"10.5539/mas.v13n12p30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n12p30","url":null,"abstract":"This study well shed some light on a proposed role for Jordanian universities to integrate education on sustainable development in the educational learning process, the study used the descriptive method, and a questionnaire of (30) terms has been set. \u0000 \u0000 The validity of the tool was verified. 300 faculty members from Jordanian official universities namely: Jordan, Yarmouk and Mutata University, were randomly selected. The study concluded the following results: \u0000 \u0000-The opinion of the faculty members of Jordanian universities on the idea of integrating education with sustainable development in the educational process was moderate. \u0000 \u0000- The study showed differences in statistical semantics, depending on the type of the faculty, academic rank and gender, where these indications favored the scientific colleges, professorship rank and female sex. \u0000 \u0000- The study hopes that the Ministry of Higher Education will take the concept of sustainable development in the educational process to enhance cooperation between universities and public and private institutions in society, in order to develop new and innovative disciplines that meet the needs of the new stage.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75683098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad awni ahmad mahmoud, Laith T. Khrais, Rasha mohammad alolayan, Asyah Muzahim Al-Kaabi, Sara qasem Al suwaidi, B. Alghamdi, Hadeel Fouad Aljuwaie
The proliferation of mobile devices and the increased adoption of the internet across the globe has led to the rise of m-commerce. reports highlight that in spite of the different advancements in the technology, trust in the platform is still a significant hindrance to its adoption. Consequently, the current study seeks to identify privacy and security issues affecting m-commerce users of three shopping sites: Amazon, Alibaba and eBay. The aim here is to develop recommendations that mitigate these challenges. The expected output of the study is an anticipation for insights regarding user perspectives on trust in m-commerce and as a result, contribute to existent knowledge in the area benefitting regulatory bodies and online vendors.
{"title":"Consumers Trust, Privacy and Security Issues on Mobile Commerce Websites","authors":"Mohammad awni ahmad mahmoud, Laith T. Khrais, Rasha mohammad alolayan, Asyah Muzahim Al-Kaabi, Sara qasem Al suwaidi, B. Alghamdi, Hadeel Fouad Aljuwaie","doi":"10.5539/mas.v13n12p21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n12p21","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of mobile devices and the increased adoption of the internet across the globe has led to the rise of m-commerce. reports highlight that in spite of the different advancements in the technology, trust in the platform is still a significant hindrance to its adoption. Consequently, the current study seeks to identify privacy and security issues affecting m-commerce users of three shopping sites: Amazon, Alibaba and eBay. The aim here is to develop recommendations that mitigate these challenges. The expected output of the study is an anticipation for insights regarding user perspectives on trust in m-commerce and as a result, contribute to existent knowledge in the area benefitting regulatory bodies and online vendors.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77404508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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