Investigating The Line, Saudi Arabia's newest megacity, through the lenses of the Cartesian and Relativity paradigms appears paradoxical, but it is critical to our understanding of future cities. Most cities worldwide have been experimenting with various concepts to connect people to nature but have yet to succeed. The Line pioneered a zero-gravity approach to balancing people's relationships with nature and people with themselves. This paper examines the essential urban design concepts and theories during the last century's quantum leaps in their development. The goal is to provide a framework for future cities by uncovering concepts for future cities regarding layout, density, urban space, and urban ecology through a comparative analysis with The Line.
{"title":"The Line: A Zero Gravity Theory for Urban Design","authors":"Wadia Albarqawi","doi":"10.5539/mas.v17n1p18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v17n1p18","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating The Line, Saudi Arabia's newest megacity, through the lenses of the Cartesian and Relativity paradigms appears paradoxical, but it is critical to our understanding of future cities. Most cities worldwide have been experimenting with various concepts to connect people to nature but have yet to succeed. The Line pioneered a zero-gravity approach to balancing people's relationships with nature and people with themselves. This paper examines the essential urban design concepts and theories during the last century's quantum leaps in their development. The goal is to provide a framework for future cities by uncovering concepts for future cities regarding layout, density, urban space, and urban ecology through a comparative analysis with The Line.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84429434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The literature on international joint ventures (IJVs) continues to grow owing to their crucial importance in global market competition. National cultural distance (NCD) between partner firms is conventionally considered one of the main contributors to unsatisfactory IJV performance, leading to its dissolution. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the extent of the impact of NCD on IJV performance, nor on whether this impact is predominantly positive or negative. Therefore, we conducted a narrative review to shed light on prior research (including the earliest works) to explore and clarify the causes of these apparent inconsistencies in the research’s results. Theoretically, the current research offers guidance for future study on the topic. Researchers should introduce moderator and mediator variables in pursuit of a more nuanced understanding such as mutual trust between partners. Practically, this paper will help IJV managers mitigate the negative effects of NCD and improve overall venture performance by selecting culturally intelligent managers, providing cross-cultural training for IJV staff, and implementing cooperative conflict resolution. Like any study, this paper has some limitations that should be examined by future researchers.
{"title":"Understanding the Paradox in the Results of National Cultural Distance Impact on International Joint Venture Performance: A Narrative Review of Prior Literature","authors":"Omayma Yassine","doi":"10.5539/mas.v17n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v17n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on international joint ventures (IJVs) continues to grow owing to their crucial importance in global market competition. National cultural distance (NCD) between partner firms is conventionally considered one of the main contributors to unsatisfactory IJV performance, leading to its dissolution. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the extent of the impact of NCD on IJV performance, nor on whether this impact is predominantly positive or negative. Therefore, we conducted a narrative review to shed light on prior research (including the earliest works) to explore and clarify the causes of these apparent inconsistencies in the research’s results. Theoretically, the current research offers guidance for future study on the topic. Researchers should introduce moderator and mediator variables in pursuit of a more nuanced understanding such as mutual trust between partners. Practically, this paper will help IJV managers mitigate the negative effects of NCD and improve overall venture performance by selecting culturally intelligent managers, providing cross-cultural training for IJV staff, and implementing cooperative conflict resolution. Like any study, this paper has some limitations that should be examined by future researchers.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91503328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Keita, A. Toure, Z. Mounir, I. Daou, O. Diancoumba
The study on water resources is very important for a country like Mali Republic. This is because the climate of the Sahel is projected by many climate scenarios that contribute to a premature dry season. So, the Klela basin being one of the affected areas by the phenomenon is selected for this study. Hence, it is interesting to evaluate this vital resource for a better planning in order to facilitate the decision making from the concerned authorities. For this research, the hydrological model, GR4J, is used to evaluate the dynamics of the surface water flow. The main objective of this study is to assess and predict (using scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) the correlation between rainfall and runoff in the Klela basin. In tandem with on this objective, the water flow and climate data were used as input data into the GR4J model. The model was calibrated and evaluated using the time series data 2000-2007 and 2008-2013, respectively. The performance of the model was evaluated mainly based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency. The overall outputs display that the surface water flow is declining over time and this is more significant in the worst scenario RCP8.5.
{"title":"Assessment and Prediction of Rainfall-Runoff Models Using GR4J in the Klela Basin in Mali","authors":"S. Keita, A. Toure, Z. Mounir, I. Daou, O. Diancoumba","doi":"10.5539/mas.v16n4p52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v16n4p52","url":null,"abstract":"The study on water resources is very important for a country like Mali Republic. This is because the climate of the Sahel is projected by many climate scenarios that contribute to a premature dry season. So, the Klela basin being one of the affected areas by the phenomenon is selected for this study. Hence, it is interesting to evaluate this vital resource for a better planning in order to facilitate the decision making from the concerned authorities. For this research, the hydrological model, GR4J, is used to evaluate the dynamics of the surface water flow. The main objective of this study is to assess and predict (using scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) the correlation between rainfall and runoff in the Klela basin. In tandem with on this objective, the water flow and climate data were used as input data into the GR4J model. The model was calibrated and evaluated using the time series data 2000-2007 and 2008-2013, respectively. The performance of the model was evaluated mainly based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency. The overall outputs display that the surface water flow is declining over time and this is more significant in the worst scenario RCP8.5.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85875397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Alwidian, Tariq N. Khasawneh, Mahmoud Alsahlee, Ali A. Safia
The online learning, is one that continuously adapts to arriving data, and gets updated incrementally instance by instance. In this paper, we compare the performance of different online machine learning algorithms for the task of sentiment analysis on challenging text datasets. We assess the models using a wide range of metrics, such as microF1, macroF1, accuracy, and running time. Our experiments have revealed that these online models provide a viable alternative to traditional offline machine learning in sentiment analysis, in fraction of the time.
{"title":"An Online Machine Learning Approach to Sentiment Analysis in Social Media","authors":"J. Alwidian, Tariq N. Khasawneh, Mahmoud Alsahlee, Ali A. Safia","doi":"10.5539/mas.v16n4p29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v16n4p29","url":null,"abstract":"The online learning, is one that continuously adapts to arriving data, and gets updated incrementally instance by instance. In this paper, we compare the performance of different online machine learning algorithms for the task of sentiment analysis on challenging text datasets. We assess the models using a wide range of metrics, such as microF1, macroF1, accuracy, and running time. Our experiments have revealed that these online models provide a viable alternative to traditional offline machine learning in sentiment analysis, in fraction of the time.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76554205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this work is to investigate and evaluate the level of contamination of naturally occurring radionuclides in environmental soil samples collected at a place from West Kirby using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe2825) detector has the ability to detect gamma-rays in the range of 3 keV-3MeV. This detector offers a very good resolution, low noise performance and almost ideal Gaussian shape in our analysis. Under our depth of interest of 0 – 48 cm, a total of six spectra were measured. From known values of gamma-ray energies, a calibrated curve was plotted. From the analysis, the mean activity concentration of naturally radionuclides of uranium-238, thorium-232 and potassium-40 obtained are 6.7 ± 0.1 Bq/kg, 5.6 ± 0.1Bq/kg and 398.2± 8.2 Bq/kg were found in the range of (5.37 ± 0.30- 8.86 ±0.40) Bq/kg, (4.37 ± 0.31- 8.72 ±0.35) Bq/kg and (384 ± 19 and 416 ± 21) Bq/kg respectively. Man-made radionuclides of americium-241 and cesium-137 mean activity concentrations are 4.3± 0.1 Bq/kg and 14.5 ± 0.3 Bq/kg were found in the range of (BDL: 5.95±0.32) Bq/kg and (6.66 ± 0.35- 29.2 ±1.5) Bq/kg respectively.
{"title":"Determination of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides Concentration in Environmental Samples in West Kirby Area Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy","authors":"Ekundayo Oki Akinduro","doi":"10.5539/mas.v16n4p40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v16n4p40","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to investigate and evaluate the level of contamination of naturally occurring radionuclides in environmental soil samples collected at a place from West Kirby using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe2825) detector has the ability to detect gamma-rays in the range of 3 keV-3MeV. This detector offers a very good resolution, low noise performance and almost ideal Gaussian shape in our analysis. Under our depth of interest of 0 – 48 cm, a total of six spectra were measured. From known values of gamma-ray energies, a calibrated curve was plotted. From the analysis, the mean activity concentration of naturally radionuclides of uranium-238, thorium-232 and potassium-40 obtained are 6.7 ± 0.1 Bq/kg, 5.6 ± 0.1Bq/kg and 398.2± 8.2 Bq/kg were found in the range of (5.37 ± 0.30- 8.86 ±0.40) Bq/kg, (4.37 ± 0.31- 8.72 ±0.35) Bq/kg and (384 ± 19 and 416 ± 21) Bq/kg respectively. Man-made radionuclides of americium-241 and cesium-137 mean activity concentrations are 4.3± 0.1 Bq/kg and 14.5 ± 0.3 Bq/kg were found in the range of (BDL: 5.95±0.32) Bq/kg and (6.66 ± 0.35- 29.2 ±1.5) Bq/kg respectively.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87225673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaled Ahmad Ateyeh Alhassanat, Sonia Abdulfattah Ibrahim Shehadeh
This study conducted to investigate the Students of Palestine Technical University khadoori Awareness of the Concept “University Education Democracy”. The study conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2020-2021, using the descriptive approach. The population of the study consisted of all the University students, which were (870) students. From this, population (290) students were chosen as a random cluster sample. The researchers developed a questionnaire with (45) items. The results showed that the awareness of Palestine Technical University Students of the concept “University education democracy” was high with a mean of (4.12) out of (5). The result also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in due to gender, Place of residence, and Academic Specialization. However, there were statistically significant differences due to Academic Degree in favor of B.Sc. students and due to Academic Level in favor of third level. In light of the results, the researchers recommended that there is a need of the university administration to understand the degree of student’s awareness to the concept of university education democracy. In addition universities should develop its systems to meet with the student’s awareness of the university education democracy. Moreover, there is a need for giving workshops and courses to the students to raise their awareness towards democratic education and to enhance their communication skills to avoid misunderstanding when they express their thoughts and opinions.
{"title":"Students of Palestine Technical University Khadoori Awareness of “University Education Democracy” Concept","authors":"Khaled Ahmad Ateyeh Alhassanat, Sonia Abdulfattah Ibrahim Shehadeh","doi":"10.5539/mas.v16n4p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v16n4p11","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducted to investigate the Students of Palestine Technical University khadoori Awareness of the Concept “University Education Democracy”. \u0000The study conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2020-2021, using the descriptive approach. The population of the study consisted of all the University students, which were (870) students. From this, population (290) students were chosen as a random cluster sample. The researchers developed a questionnaire with (45) items. \u0000The results showed that the awareness of Palestine Technical University Students of the concept “University education democracy” was high with a mean of (4.12) out of (5). The result also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in due to gender, Place of residence, and Academic Specialization. However, there were statistically significant differences due to Academic Degree in favor of B.Sc. students and due to Academic Level in favor of third level. \u0000In light of the results, the researchers recommended that there is a need of the university administration to understand the degree of student’s awareness to the concept of university education democracy. In addition universities should develop its systems to meet with the student’s awareness of the university education democracy. Moreover, there is a need for giving workshops and courses to the students to raise their awareness towards democratic education and to enhance their communication skills to avoid misunderstanding when they express their thoughts and opinions.","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73152121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the significant, perhaps momentous, developments in the effort to mitigate climate change has been the convergence around the target of Net Zero Emissions (NZE). The path to NZE envisions a massive increase in the installed capacity of renewable energies (REs)accompanied by a radical reduction in fossil energies. The paper outlines the main technologies required to make renewables a reliable alternative. Storage mechanisms such as batteries, hydrogen, and pumped storage are reviewed. Major impediments to the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable sources include technological, political, and social lock ins. Since NZE emissions are unlikely to be realized without installing negative emission devices, carbon dioxide removal methods and their concomitant challenges are discussed. Demand side mitigation in the transport, buildings, and industry sectors, relevant technological solutions, and adjustments to social preferences are briefly addressed. In addition to analyzing the challenges to realize an NZE world, the paper cautions against a single metric focus while ignoring concerns over adaptation, rising inequalities, water and food availability, and biodiversity. The financial implications of the various mitigation technologies are highlighted along with the need to transfer technologies and funds to developing nations to avoid and/or reduce emissions.
{"title":"Climate Change Mitigation Technologies: Prospects and Challenges","authors":"B. Arogyaswamy","doi":"10.5539/mas.v16n4p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v16n4p1","url":null,"abstract":"One of the significant, perhaps momentous, developments in the effort to mitigate climate change has been the convergence around the target of Net Zero Emissions (NZE). The path to NZE envisions a massive increase in the installed capacity of renewable energies (REs)accompanied by a radical reduction in fossil energies. The paper outlines the main technologies required to make renewables a reliable alternative. Storage mechanisms such as batteries, hydrogen, and pumped storage are reviewed. Major impediments to the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable sources include technological, political, and social lock ins. Since NZE emissions are unlikely to be realized without installing negative emission devices, carbon dioxide removal methods and their concomitant challenges are discussed. Demand side mitigation in the transport, buildings, and industry sectors, relevant technological solutions, and adjustments to social preferences are briefly addressed. \u0000In addition to analyzing the challenges to realize an NZE world, the paper cautions against a single metric focus while ignoring concerns over adaptation, rising inequalities, water and food availability, and biodiversity. The financial implications of the various mitigation technologies are highlighted along with the need to transfer technologies and funds to developing nations to avoid and/or reduce emissions. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85994723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess early reading difficulties among Qillisoo primary school children in Chiro Town, Oromia, Ethiopia: reflections from subject teachers, children, and parents. An explanatory mixed research design was used in the study. Using stratified and simple random techniques, the study included 108 children, 101 parents, and three English teachers. Questionnaires, classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis were used to collect the data. As a result, questionnaires were distributed to both parents and children. During a reading lesson, subject teachers were interviewed using semi-structured interview questions, and classroom observation was used to investigate the classroom setting. A document review for attendance and timetable was also performed to assess children who were late or absent from class. The findings of the study revealed that a variety of challenges hampered children's reading ability, including a lack of textbooks and learning facilities (limited chairs and desks, class size, fixed desks), a lack of preschool exposure, a lack of parent awareness about the importance of reading, children's workload at home, textbook variation (coloured vs. no coloured), and parent's residential areas and occupation status. Parents who are educated report using a variety of methods to assist their children, including discussing their children's reading abilities with both their children and their teachers, assessing their children's reading abilities and assisting them in practicing reading, purchasing a variety of supplementary books, designing home reading activities, and checking their children's exercise books to see what they have learned. Based on the findings of this study, parents and schools should make reading materials available to children, and children should be encouraged to develop their ways of practicing reading English on their own.
{"title":"Early Reading Difficulties among Qillisoo Primary School Children in Ethiopia: Reflections from Teachers, Children, and Parents","authors":"Tekle Mereba, Geberew Tulu Mekonnen","doi":"10.5539/mas.v16n3p41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v16n3p41","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess early reading difficulties among Qillisoo primary school children in Chiro Town, Oromia, Ethiopia: reflections from subject teachers, children, and parents. An explanatory mixed research design was used in the study. Using stratified and simple random techniques, the study included 108 children, 101 parents, and three English teachers. Questionnaires, classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis were used to collect the data. As a result, questionnaires were distributed to both parents and children. During a reading lesson, subject teachers were interviewed using semi-structured interview questions, and classroom observation was used to investigate the classroom setting. A document review for attendance and timetable was also performed to assess children who were late or absent from class. The findings of the study revealed that a variety of challenges hampered children's reading ability, including a lack of textbooks and learning facilities (limited chairs and desks, class size, fixed desks), a lack of preschool exposure, a lack of parent awareness about the importance of reading, children's workload at home, textbook variation (coloured vs. no coloured), and parent's residential areas and occupation status. Parents who are educated report using a variety of methods to assist their children, including discussing their children's reading abilities with both their children and their teachers, assessing their children's reading abilities and assisting them in practicing reading, purchasing a variety of supplementary books, designing home reading activities, and checking their children's exercise books to see what they have learned. Based on the findings of this study, parents and schools should make reading materials available to children, and children should be encouraged to develop their ways of practicing reading English on their own. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18713,"journal":{"name":"Modern Applied Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74802021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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