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MARİLYN LEVİNE VE HİPERREALİST HEYKELLERİ
Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.31566/arts.3.002
Şafak Güneş Gökduman
Marilyn Levine 1935 -2005 yillari arasinda yasamis Kanada kokenli Amerikali bir seramik sanatcisidir. Lisans ve yuksek lisansini kimya alaninda tamamlayan ve bir sure ogretmenlik yapan Levine, ardindan Saskatchewan Universitesi Regina Kampusunde cizim, seramik, resim ve sanat tarihi dersleri almis ve Kaliforniya Universitesi Heykel Bolumu’nde yuksek lisansini tamamladiktan sonra 1973 yilinda Utah Universitesi Heykel Bolumu’ne ogretim uyesi olarak atanmistir. 1960’li yillarin sonunda Seramik Funk Art akimi icerisinde yer alan Levine’in, illuzyon teknigini basariyla kullandigi deri gorunumlu seramik heykelleri 1971 yilinda New York'ta Sidney Janis Galerisi'nde duzenlenen "Sharp-Focus Realism " sergisinde yer almis ve boylece Marilyn Levine, Andrea ve Duane Hunson’la John De birlikte Amerikan Hiperrealizminin heykel alanindaki ilk uc isminden biri olmustur. Makalemizde Marilyn Levine’in hayati ve sanati hakkinda bilgi verilerek calismalarinin Hipperrealizm icerisindeki yeri ve onemine deginilecektir.
玛丽莲-莱文是美籍加拿大陶瓷艺术家,生活于 1935 年至 2005 年之间。莱文在萨斯喀彻温大学里贾纳校区完成了化学学士和硕士学位的学习,并当过一段时间的教师,之后她又在萨斯喀彻温大学里贾纳校区学习了素描、陶瓷、绘画和艺术史,在加利福尼亚大学雕塑系完成硕士学位后,她于 1973 年被犹他大学雕塑系聘为教师。20 世纪 60 年代末,莱文参加了陶瓷放克艺术运动,她成功运用幻觉技术创作的仿皮陶瓷雕塑作品参加了 1971 年在纽约西德尼-杰尼斯画廊举办的 "锐焦现实主义 "展览,玛丽莲-莱文也因此与安德烈亚-亨森、杜安-亨森和约翰-德一起,成为美国雕塑界最早的三个超现实主义代表人物之一。本文将介绍玛丽莲-莱文的生平和艺术,并讨论她的作品在超现实主义中的地位和重要性。
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引用次数: 0
SANAT-SANATÇI VE BİR META NESNESİ OLARAK SANAT ESERİ
Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.31566/arts.3.004
Sedat Balkir
Sanat ve sanatci; caglar boyunca insanin ilgi alaninda olmus, klise tabirle magara devrinden gunumuze ve her alanda olmak uzere hic eksilmeden etkisini surdurmustur. Guzel sanatlar, mimarlik, edebiyat ya da muzik dalinda olsun, ortaya konan bu eserler; insanlik tarihini bicimlendirme konusunda yadsinamaz bir oneme sahiptirler. Sanatin onemi konusunda hemfikir olsak da sanat nedir? nasil anlasilir? veya neye hizmet eder? turu sorularin cevabini vermek zordur. Sanati tanimlama konusunda nerdeyse tamamen muglak kriterler soz konusudur ve gercekte, sanatin kendisi de bu belirsizligi kullandigi icin, olasilikla boyle kalmaya da devam edecektir. Idealist yaklasim, sanatin maddi cikarlara degil; yalnizca sanata hizmet etmesi gerektigini iddia eder. Bu sebeple, ‘halk icin sanat’, sanat olarak bile kabul edilmez. Sanatsal gelisim icin, idealist tavrin yeterli olmadigi herkes tarafindan bilinip kabul edilmesine karsin; ‘sanat yoluyla kazanc elde etme’ konusu gundeme geldiginde, insanlar genellikle suskun kalmayi tercih ederler. Halbuki sanat eserinin paraya donusmesi, diger her sey icin oldugu gibi, sanat icin de cok onemlidir. Bu makalede, etik olarak kabullenmekte zorlaniyor olsak da paranin, sanat ve sanatcinin gelisimi uzerindeki etkisi ele alinmaya calisilmistir.
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引用次数: 1
SERAMİK TAMİRİNDE UNUTULMAYA YÜZ TUTMUŞ BİR TEKNİK; PERÇİN
Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.31566/arts.3.003
Ece Kanişkan
Gunluk kullanim ihtiyaclari dogrultusunda ortaya cikan, seramik malzemenin kirilgan yapisi zaman icinde insanoglunu bu nesneleri onarima yoneltmistir. Teknolojinin gelismesine paralel olarak ortaya cikan sentetik yapistiricilardan once, guvenilir ve yaygin kullanilanan seramik tamir yontemleri arasinda metal percinler, bagcik ve diger ilgili metal onarimlar gelmekteydi. Bu arastirmada; seramik tamirinde kullanilan percin tekniginin tarihcesi, gelisimi surecinde 19. ve 20. yuzyillarda yaygin olarak kullanilan araclar, malzemeler ve surecler incelenmistir.
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引用次数: 0
ROMANTİZM SANAT AKIMI VE SANATÇILARI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.31566/arts.3.005
Mehmet Göktepe
Klasik donemin aydinlanma hareketi, Romantik donemin toplumsal hareketlerine kapi aralayarak, esitlik, kardeslik ve ozgurluk dusuncesini savunan Fransiz devriminin tum Avrupa’ya yayilmasina yol acmistir. Avrupa da 18. Yuzyilda aydinlar ve entelektueller tarafindan “akil” insanoglunun en onemli ozelligi olarak ortaya cikmistir. Bu donemde, filozoflar, akademisyenler ve politikacilar, dusunceye dayandirdiklari rasyonel doktrinleriyle Avrupa toplumunu yeniden calismislardir. Donemsel bir degerlendirmeye gidildiginde ressam heykeltiras, yazar, muzisyen ve mimarlarin kulturel anlamda aydinlanmanin bicimlendirme idealleri uzerine calismalar ortaya koyduklari bilinmektedir., Romantizm sozcugu, Latin kokenli dillerde soz konusu edilip anlatilan oyku ve soylencelerin ortak adi olan “romans” lardan gelmektedir. Romantizm kendi donemindeki resim, heykel, mimari, edebiyat ve muzik alanlarinda etkili olan sanatsal bir eylem olarak degerlendirilebilir. Romantizm sanat akimiyla beraber, evrenin merkezi olarak kabul edilen insan, ayni zamanda ahlâki degerlerin kaynagi ve olcusu olarak da deger gormeye baslamistir. Romantizm’le birlikte 19.yuzyil ressamlarinin daha onceki donemlerde gorulmemis bir bicimde resimlerinde yogun renkleri, hareketli firca suruslerini ve tutkulu duygularini yansitmislardir. Romantik ressamlar resimlerinde, kendilerinden once hayranlikla takip edilen sanat donemlerinden, Neoklasisizmden ve entellektuel yaklasimlarindan yer yer etkilenmelerine ragmen, sezgi ve bireyselligi daha fazla on plana cikartmaktadirlar. Romantik donem sanatcilari eserlerine kahramanlik, ask, olum, huzun, sevgi, nefret ve yurseverlik gibi konulari ele almislardir. Isledikleri bu konulara kendi duygusal ve tepkisel ifadelerini katarak eserlerini ortaya koymuslardir. Bu calismada, ozellikle Romantizm’in resim sanatindaki yeri ve Eugene Delacroix, Jean- Auguste- Dominique Ingres, Caspar David Friedrich, Philipp Otto Runge, Theodore Gericault, Anne-Louis Girodet, Antoine-Jean Gros, Jhon Henry Fuseli, William Blake, Francisco de Goya ve Joseph Mallord William Turner gibi ressamlari irdelenmeye calisilmis. Bunun yanisira Romantizm akiminin heykel, mimarlik, edebiyat ve muzik alanlarina olan etkileri ele alinarak, bu alanlarda da ozgun eserler ortaya koyan sanatcilardan soz edilmis ve donemsel bir degerlendirme yapilmistir.
古典时期的启蒙运动为浪漫主义时期的社会运动打开了大门,并导致了捍卫平等、博爱和自由理念的法国大革命在整个欧洲的传播。18 世纪,欧洲的知识分子和知识分子认识到 "理性 "是人类最重要的特征。在这一时期,哲学家、学者和政治家以基于思想的理性学说重新塑造了欧洲社会。在定期评估中,我们知道画家、雕塑家、作家、音乐家和建筑师都致力于文化启蒙的理想形成。 浪漫主义一词来自 "romances",这是拉丁语系语言中故事和传说的通用名称。浪漫主义可以被评价为一种艺术行为,在这一时期的绘画、雕塑、建筑、文学和音乐领域都卓有成效。随着浪漫主义艺术运动的兴起,被视为宇宙中心的人类也开始被视为道德价值的源泉和衡量标准。随着浪漫主义的兴起,19 世纪的画家们在他们的画作中反映出强烈的色彩、活跃的笔触和热情的情感,这在以前的时期是前所未有的。在绘画中,浪漫主义画家虽然受到新古典主义及其思想方法的影响,但他们比前辈画家更强调直觉和个性。浪漫主义时期的艺术家在作品中涉及英雄主义、爱情、死亡、和平、爱恨情仇和爱国主义等主题。在这些主题中,他们加入了自己的情感和反动表达。本研究特别分析了浪漫主义在绘画艺术中的地位,以及尤金-德拉克洛瓦、让-奥古斯特-多米尼克-安格尔、卡斯帕-大卫-弗里德里希、菲利普-奥托-伦格、西奥多-格律科、安妮-路易-吉罗德、安托万-让-格罗斯、约恩-亨利-富塞里、威廉-布莱克、弗朗西斯科-戈雅和约瑟夫-马洛德-威廉-透纳等画家。此外,还讨论了浪漫主义运动对雕塑、建筑、文学和音乐的影响,提到了在这些领域创作出独特作品的艺术家,并进行了定期评估。
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引用次数: 0
Weaving Forms of Resistance: The Museo de la Solidaridad and The Museo Internacional de la Resistencia Salvador Allende 抵抗的编织形式:团结博物馆和国际抵抗博物馆萨尔瓦多·阿连德
Pub Date : 2020-01-21 DOI: 10.3390/arts9010012
Carla Macchiavello Cornejo
From the starting point of a 1975 artwork made by Norwegian artist Kjartan Slettemark in Sweden to stop a tennis match in resistance to the Chilean military dictatorship, this article reframes the linear image of networks of solidarity and resistance through the gaps and connectivity of a mesh. It expands the figure of the mesh taken from critical materialism into the affective realm of art, historiography, and art institutions by exploring the cases of the museums Museo de la Solidaridad (1971–1974) and Museo Internacional de la Resistencia “Salvador Allende” (1975–1990). As this article delves into various knots and lacunas of the meshes of solidarity and resistance partaking in these museums, and analyzing the relations they wove, it also aims to reflect on the capacity of resilience of arpilleras, as well as on the generative possibilities of the incomplete labor of art history and its ethical and political responsibilities.
本文以挪威艺术家Kjartan Slettemark 1975年在瑞典创作的一件艺术品为出发点,通过网格的缝隙和连接,重新构建了团结和抵抗网络的线性形象。它通过探索团结博物馆(1971-1974)和萨尔瓦多·阿连德国际博物馆(1975-1990)的案例,将批判唯物主义的网格扩展到艺术、史学和艺术机构的情感领域。本文在深入探讨这些博物馆的团结与反抗之网的各种结点和漏洞,并分析它们所编织的关系的同时,也旨在反思弓箭手的复原能力,以及艺术史的不完整劳动及其伦理和政治责任的生成可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Machine Bodies: Performing Abstraction and Brazilian Art 机器身体:表演抽象和巴西艺术
Pub Date : 2020-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/arts9010011
M. Alvarez
In 1973, Analivia Cordeiro produced the videodance M3x3. Filmed in a Brazilian television studio and choreographed by Cordeiro with a computer, the work explores the limits of the human body through abstraction and its inhabitation of a new media landscape. Tracing the genealogy of M3x3 to the history of videodance, German and Brazilian art, and Brazilian politics, the article spotlights the media central for its conceptualization, production, and circulation to argue for how the video theorizes the posthuman as the inextricable entanglement of the body and technology.
1973年,Analivia Cordeiro制作了视频舞蹈M3x3。这部作品在巴西的一个电视演播室拍摄,由Cordeiro用电脑编排,通过抽象和新媒体景观的栖居来探索人体的极限。本文追溯了M3x3的谱系,追溯了录像舞蹈、德国和巴西艺术以及巴西政治的历史,重点关注了媒体的概念化、生产和流通,并论证了视频如何将后人类理论化,将其视为身体和技术之间不可分割的纠缠。
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引用次数: 0
Prey of Pray: Allegorizing the Liturgical Practice 祈祷的猎物:礼仪实践的寓言化
Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.3390/arts9010003
Zvi Orgad
Numerous images embedded in the painted decorations in early modern Central and Eastern European synagogues conveyed allegorical messages to the congregation. The symbolism was derived from biblical verses, stories, legends, and prayers, and sometimes different allegories were combined to develop coherent stories. In the present case study, which concerns a bird, seemingly a nocturnal raptor, depicted on the ceiling of the Unterlimpurg Synagogue, I explore the symbolism of this image in the contexts of liturgy, eschatology, and folklore. I undertake a comparative analysis of paintings in medieval and early modern illuminated manuscripts—both Christian and Jewish—and in synagogues in both Eastern and Central Europe. I argue that in some Hebrew illuminated manuscripts and synagogue paintings, nocturnal birds of prey may have been positive representations of the Jewish people, rather than simply a response to their negative image in Christian literature and art, but also a symbol of redemption. In the Unterlimpurg Synagogue, the night bird of prey, combined with other symbolic elements, represented a complex allegoric picture of redemption, possibly implying the image of King David and the kabbalistic nighttime prayer Tikkun Ḥaẓot. This case study demonstrates the way in which early modern synagogue painters created allegoric paintings that captured contemporary religious and mystical ideas and liturgical developments.
近代早期中欧和东欧犹太教堂的彩绘装饰中嵌入了许多图像,向会众传达了讽喻的信息。象征主义来源于圣经经文、故事、传说和祈祷,有时不同的寓言被结合起来形成连贯的故事。在本案例研究中,关于一只鸟,似乎是夜间猛禽,被描绘在Unterlimpurg犹太教堂的天花板上,我探索了这个图像在礼拜仪式、末世论和民间传说背景下的象征意义。我对中世纪和早期现代彩绘手稿中的绘画进行了比较分析——既有基督教的,也有犹太教的——还有东欧和中欧的犹太教堂里的。我认为,在一些希伯来文的彩绘手稿和犹太教堂的绘画中,夜间的猛禽可能是犹太人的积极代表,而不仅仅是对他们在基督教文学和艺术中的负面形象的回应,也是一种救赎的象征。在Unterlimpurg犹太教堂,夜间的猛禽与其他象征性元素结合在一起,代表了一幅复杂的救赎寓言画面,可能暗示了大卫王的形象和卡巴拉的夜间祈祷Tikkun Ḥaẓot。这个案例研究展示了早期现代犹太教堂画家创造寓言绘画的方式,这些绘画捕捉了当代宗教和神秘主义思想以及礼拜仪式的发展。
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引用次数: 1
Speaking Volumes: Studying Depth in Holographic Narratives 说话的体积:研究深度全息叙事
Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/arts9010001
Doris Vila
This article investigates a decision every holographer makes: where to place light-forms along the z-axis, given the power of light imagery. This choice governs what sits behind the plate, what is on the surface and what projects in front of the plate toward the viewer. After considering ways that the placement of imagery sets the stage for viewers to respond to a holographic narrative, examples are offered from a series of reflection holograms. These examples are drawn from a continuing creative practice which explores aspects of narrative within the unique parameters of holographic volume.
本文探讨了每个全息摄影家都会做的一个决定:考虑到光成像的力量,沿着z轴放置光形的位置。这个选择决定了盘子后面的是什么,表面上的是什么,盘子前面的是什么。在考虑了图像的放置方式为观众对全息叙事的反应提供了舞台之后,我们从一系列反射全息图中提供了例子。这些例子是从一个持续的创造性实践中得出的,它在全息体的独特参数中探索叙事的各个方面。
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引用次数: 0
Manuel Amaru Cholango: Decolonizing Technologies and the Construction of Indigenous Futures Manuel Amaru Cholango:非殖民化技术与原住民未来的建构
Pub Date : 2019-12-07 DOI: 10.3390/arts8040163
Saray Garzón
Recent art history studies have delved into notions of futurity as it relates to indigenous approaches to environmental destruction in the face of ongoing colonial oppression. Building on the concept of indigenous futures, the present investigation focuses on the Kichwa artist Manuel Amaru Cholango’s decolonial critique of technology. Since the 1990s and in response to the quincentennial celebration of the “discovery” of America in 1992, Cholango has developed an oeuvre that criticizes the instrumentalization of modern technology for the exploitation of the earth and the perpetuation of colonialism. By advancing the notion of Andean technology, Cholango brings to bear other ways of relating to the environment that can help create, once again, the possibility of the future.
最近的艺术史研究已经深入研究了未来的概念,因为它涉及到面对持续的殖民压迫的环境破坏的土著方法。基于土著未来的概念,本研究的重点是Kichwa艺术家Manuel Amaru Cholango对技术的非殖民化批评。自上世纪90年代以来,为了响应1992年美国“发现”一百周年的庆祝活动,Cholango创作了一系列作品,批评现代技术对地球的剥削和殖民主义的延续。通过推进安第斯技术的概念,Cholango带来了与环境相关的其他方式,这些方式可以再次帮助创造未来的可能性。
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引用次数: 2
Indigenous Rock Art Tourism in Australia: Contexts, Trajectories, and Multifaceted Realities 澳大利亚的土著岩石艺术旅游:背景、轨迹和多方面的现实
Pub Date : 2019-12-06 DOI: 10.3390/arts8040162
N. Cole, Lynley A. Wallis
This paper focuses on Australian Indigenous rock art tourism, a field that has received limited research attention. Our aim is to identify aspects which are invisible in tourism promotions. We note trends in rock art tourism and related research, survey the Australian situation, and employ a case study approach to outline the development of Indigenous rock art tourism in Kakadu National Park (KNP) and parts of the Quinkan (Laura Cooktown) region. In both regions, Aboriginal communities inherited legacies of top down decision-making and bureaucratic methods. Although the Laura people transitioned to a community-based system and a successful ranger program, they face challenges in achieving their aspirations for sustainable rock art tourism. KNP communities, subsumed into an unwieldy joint management arrangement for the World Heritage listed National Park, are faced with competing values and perspectives of the dominant government system. A centerpiece of the Balnggarrawarra tourism initiative is the ranger/tour guide system of the type which operated for some years at Laura and was introduced briefly at KNP. The model incorporates key elements of sustainable Indigenous tourism–traditional owner control and jobs, land care, conservation, cultural preservation, partnerships, and public education. Notwithstanding contemporary challenges and realities, a unifying theme is caring for rock art.
本文关注的是澳大利亚土著岩石艺术旅游,这是一个研究有限的领域。我们的目的是找出旅游促销中不可见的方面。我们注意到岩石艺术旅游和相关研究的趋势,调查了澳大利亚的情况,并采用案例研究方法概述了卡卡杜国家公园(KNP)和部分昆坎(劳拉库克镇)地区土著岩石艺术旅游的发展。在这两个地区,土著社区继承了自上而下的决策和官僚主义方法的遗产。虽然劳拉人过渡到一个以社区为基础的系统和一个成功的护林员计划,但他们在实现可持续岩石艺术旅游的愿望方面面临着挑战。KNP社区被纳入列入世界遗产名录的国家公园的笨拙的联合管理安排中,面临着占主导地位的政府系统的竞争价值观和观点。Balnggarrawarra旅游计划的核心是护林员/导游系统,这种系统在Laura运行了几年,并在KNP进行了简要介绍。该模式结合了可持续土著旅游的关键要素——传统的所有者控制和就业、土地护理、保护、文化保护、伙伴关系和公共教育。尽管面临着当代的挑战和现实,但一个统一的主题是关心岩石艺术。
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引用次数: 1
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The Artist and Journal of Home Culture
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