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Martha Rosler’s Protest 玛莎·罗斯勒的抗议
Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.3390/arts9030092
S. Schwartz
This essay reconsiders the photomontages that Martha Rosler began making in the late 1960s to protest the war in Vietnam. Typically understood as a means of protest against the spatial mechanics of domination—against the mediated production of the difference between the home front and the war front or the “here” and “there” that drives modern warfare—the photomontages, this essay argues, also engage the temporal politics of protest. The problem of how to be “in time,” “to be present,” the problem that frames street photography and its critical history, is at the center of this essay and, it contends, Rosler’s protest. By drawing out this critical framework, this essay addresses the still-urgent questions that Rosler’s photomontages pose: When is the time of protest? Does protest happen now? Is there still time for protest?
本文重新审视了玛莎·罗斯勒(Martha Rosler)在20世纪60年代末为抗议越南战争而开始制作的蒙太奇照片。这篇文章认为,蒙太奇通常被理解为一种抗议统治的空间机制的手段——反对家庭前线和战争前线之间或驱动现代战争的“这里”和“那里”之间的差异的中介生产——也参与了抗议的时间政治。如何“及时”、“活在当下”,这个问题构成了街头摄影及其批判历史的框架,是这篇文章的中心,也是罗斯勒抗议的中心。通过勾勒出这个关键的框架,本文解决了罗斯勒的照片蒙太奇所提出的仍然紧迫的问题:抗议的时间是什么时候?现在有抗议吗?还有时间抗议吗?
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Collective Housing: A Case Study of Spatial Flexibility and Adaptability in Arturo Soria (Madrid, 1975) 重新思考集体住宅:以Arturo Soria的空间灵活性和适应性为例(马德里,1975)
Pub Date : 2020-07-06 DOI: 10.3390/arts9030074
Virginia De Jorge Huertas
This article presents an analysis of a collective housing project designed by the architects Emilia Bisquert Santiago, Carmen Gonzalez Lobo, Jose Miguel de Prada Poole and Ricardo Aroca in the Arturo Soria neighbourhood in Madrid in 1975. This project is noteworthy for its architects’ preference for designing flexible and adaptable spaces, both in the interior distribution of the homes spaces and in the common spaces of the building itself. Their main aim was to eliminate the rigid spatial segregation that was a dominant feature of Spanish housing estates promoted by the OSH (House Building Union) during the Franco Regime (1939–1975). To understand this idea, this research proposes a comparison between a Housing Estate promoted by the OSH in 1956 and the Arturo Soria building designed in 1975. The article explains and analyses the different architectural strategies that the architects proposed to achieve that flexibility and adaptability: a permanent structural ‘infrastructure,’ an intermediate architectural system adaptable over time, and finally, a range of possible configurations for the individual dwelling. Another important issue is the relationship between the construction system and alternative development of both horizontal and vertical living space. Explaining this relationship could help shape the habitability of future homes, the development of a sense of community, the possibility of designing for tenancies of different lengths and needs and the management of constant changes to a collective society.
本文分析了1975年由建筑师Emilia Bisquert Santiago、Carmen Gonzalez Lobo、Jose Miguel de Prada Poole和Ricardo Aroca在马德里Arturo Soria社区设计的一个集体住宅项目。这个项目值得注意的是,它的建筑师喜欢设计灵活和适应性强的空间,无论是在家庭空间的内部分布还是在建筑本身的公共空间。他们的主要目的是消除严格的空间隔离,这是佛朗哥政权(1939-1975)期间由OSH(房屋建筑联盟)推动的西班牙住宅区的主要特征。为了理解这个想法,本研究提出了1956年由OSH推广的住宅小区与1975年设计的Arturo Soria建筑之间的比较。这篇文章解释和分析了建筑师提出的不同的建筑策略,以实现灵活性和适应性:一个永久性的结构“基础设施”,一个随着时间的推移而适应的中间建筑系统,最后是一个单独住宅的一系列可能的配置。另一个重要的问题是建筑系统与水平和垂直生活空间的替代发展之间的关系。解释这种关系可以帮助塑造未来住宅的可居住性,社区意识的发展,为不同长度和需求的租约设计的可能性,以及对集体社会不断变化的管理。
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引用次数: 2
Reform or Consensus? Choral Synagogues in the Russian Empire 改革还是共识?俄罗斯帝国的合唱犹太教堂
Pub Date : 2020-06-23 DOI: 10.3390/arts9020072
V. Levin
Many scholars view the choral synagogues in the Russian Empire as Reform synagogues, influenced by the German Reform movement. This article analyzes the features characteristic of Reform synagogues in central and Western Europe, and demonstrates that only a small number of these features were implemented in the choral synagogues of Russia. The article describes the history, architecture, and reception of choral synagogues in different geographical areas of the Russian Empire, from the first maskilic synagogues of the 1820s–1840s to the revolution of 1917. The majority of changes, this article argues, introduced in choral synagogues were of an aesthetic nature. The changes concerned decorum, not the religious meaning or essence of the prayer service. The initial wave of choral synagogues were established by maskilim, and modernized Jews became a catalyst for the adoption of the choral rite by other groups. Eventually, the choral synagogue became the “sectorial” synagogue of the modernized elite. It did not have special religious significance, but it did offer social prestige and architectural prominence.
许多学者认为俄罗斯帝国的合唱会堂是受德国改革运动影响的改革会堂。本文分析了中欧和西欧改革派犹太教堂的特点,并指出这些特点在俄罗斯合唱犹太教堂中只得到了很少的体现。本文描述了俄罗斯帝国不同地理区域合唱犹太教堂的历史、建筑和接待情况,从1820 - 1840年代的第一个maskilic犹太教堂到1917年的革命。大多数的变化,这篇文章认为,引入合唱犹太教堂是审美的本质。这些变化涉及礼仪,而不是祈祷仪式的宗教意义或本质。最初的合唱犹太教堂是由maskilim建立的,现代化的犹太人成为其他团体采用合唱仪式的催化剂。最终,合唱团犹太教堂变成了现代化精英的“宗派”犹太教堂。它没有特殊的宗教意义,但它确实提供了社会声望和建筑突出。
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引用次数: 0
Disrupting Heteronormative Temporality through Queer Dramaturgies: Fun Home, Hadestown and A Strange Loop 通过酷儿戏剧手法打破异性恋规范的时间性:《欢乐之家》、《Hadestown》和《一个奇怪的循环》
Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.3390/arts9020069
S. Whitfield
This article considers how Andre De Shields performance in Hadestown (2019), and the musicals Fun Home (2015) and A Strange Loop (2019) can be seen to respond to the present moment and argues that they disrupt heteronormative temporality through queer dramaturgy. It explores musicals that present queer performativity and/or queer dramaturgies, and addresses how they enact queer strategies of resistance through historical materialist critiques of personal biographies. It suggests that to do this, they disrupt the heteronormative dramaturgical time of the musical, and considers how they may enact structural change to the form of the musical. The article carries out a close reading of De Shields’ performance practice, and analyses the dramaturgy of Fun Home and A Strange Loop through drawing on the methodologies of Jose Munoz and Elizabeth Freeman. It considers how they make queer labour visible by drawing on post-dramatic strategies, ultimately suggesting that to varying extents, these musicals offer resistance to the heteronormative musical form.
本文探讨了安德烈·德·希尔兹在《哈德斯敦》(2019)、音乐剧《欢乐之家》(2015)和《奇怪的循环》(2019)中的表演如何回应当下,并认为它们通过酷儿戏剧颠覆了异性恋规范的时间性。它探讨了呈现酷儿表演和/或酷儿戏剧手法的音乐剧,并通过对个人传记的历史唯物主义批评来阐述它们如何制定酷儿抵抗策略。这表明,为了做到这一点,他们破坏了音乐剧的非规范戏剧时间,并考虑他们如何制定音乐剧形式的结构变化。本文对德·希尔兹的表演实践进行了细致的解读,并借鉴何塞·穆尼奥斯和伊丽莎白·弗里曼的方法论,对《欢乐之家》和《奇怪的循环》的戏剧手法进行了分析。它考虑了他们如何通过借鉴后戏剧策略使酷儿劳动可见,最终表明,在不同程度上,这些音乐剧提供了对异性恋音乐形式的抵抗。
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引用次数: 0
WHAT S IN A NAME EXPERIMENT ON THE AESTHETIC JUDGMENTS OF ART PRODUCED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 对人工智能产生的艺术进行审美判断的实验有什么意义呢
Pub Date : 2020-05-13 DOI: 10.31566/arts.3.011
Khalil Israfilzade
We conducted an experiment to explore the effect on aesthetic judgments influenced by the presence and awareness of the title of the abstract paintings produced by Artificial Intelligence. Fifty-two participants (52 students from the Faculty of Fine Arts) were randomly signed into control and experimental groups. Participants of the control group were asked to rate five abstract paintings created by various artists, while the experimental group also rated the same paintings only differing in the names of the author that they were made by Artificial Intelligence. Consequently, in our research, we adopted Berlyne's psychobiological theory, which focuses on the role of arousal as one of the primary determinants of aesthetic preference. The results suggest that the name of AI on title can function as a novelty and surprising reference to denote performance for our visual arts perception despite the fact that it is not created by AI. However, “complexity,” “interestingness,” and “ambiguity” variables didn’t show any statistic significant. These findings extend past research by demonstrating that title presentation affects the perception of abstract art by the participants.
我们进行了一项实验,探讨人工智能创作的抽象画标题的存在和意识对审美判断的影响。52名参与者(52名来自美术学院的学生)被随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组的参与者被要求对不同艺术家创作的五幅抽象画进行评分,而实验组的参与者也被要求对同样的画作进行评分,只是作者的名字不同,它们是由人工智能创作的。因此,在我们的研究中,我们采用了Berlyne的心理生物学理论,该理论侧重于唤醒作为审美偏好的主要决定因素之一的作用。结果表明,标题上的AI名称可以作为一种新奇和令人惊讶的参考,以表示我们的视觉艺术感知表现,尽管它不是由AI创造的。然而,“复杂性”、“趣味性”和“模糊性”变量没有显示出任何统计意义。这些发现扩展了过去的研究,证明标题呈现影响参与者对抽象艺术的感知。
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引用次数: 5
“It’s All about Working with the Story!”: On Movement Direction in Musicals. An Interview with Lucy Hind “这一切都与故事有关!”:论音乐剧的动作方向。采访露西·欣德
Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.3390/arts9020056
G. Rodosthenous
Lucy Hind is a South African choreographer and movement director who lives in the UK. Her training was in choreography, mime and physical theatre at Rhodes University, South Africa. After her studies, Hind performed with the celebrated First Physical Theatre Company. In the UK, she has worked as movement director and performer in theatres including the Almeida, Barbican, Bath Theatre Royal, Leeds Playhouse Lowry, Sheffield Crucible, The Old Vic and The Royal Exchange. Lucy is also an associate artist of the award-winning Slung Low theatre company, which specializes in making epic theatre in non-theatre spaces. Here, Lucy talks to George Rodosthenous about her movement direction on the award-winning musical Girl from the North Country (The Old Vic/West End/Toronto and recently seen on Broadway), which was described by New York Times critic Ben Brantley as “superb”. The conversation delves into Lucy’s working methods: the ways she works with actors, the importance of collaborative work and her approach to characterization. Hind believes that her work affects the overall “tone, the atmosphere and the shape of the show”.
露西·欣德是南非编舞家和运动导演,现居英国。她曾在南非罗兹大学学习编舞、哑剧和肢体戏剧。学习结束后,欣德在著名的第一物理剧团演出。在英国,她曾在阿尔梅达剧院、巴比肯剧院、巴斯皇家剧院、利兹劳瑞剧院、谢菲尔德坩埚剧院、老维克剧院和皇家交换剧院等剧院担任运动导演和演员。露西也是屡获殊荣的Slung Low剧院公司的副艺术家,该公司专门在非剧院空间制作史诗戏剧。在这里,露西和乔治·罗多斯诺斯谈论她在获奖音乐剧《来自北方的女孩》(在老维克/西区/多伦多,最近在百老汇演出)中的运动方向,《纽约时报》评论家本·布兰特利称这部音乐剧“棒极了”。对话深入探讨了露西的工作方法:她与演员合作的方式,合作工作的重要性以及她塑造角色的方法。Hind认为她的作品影响了整个“节目的基调、氛围和造型”。
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引用次数: 0
SAFAVID CERAMICS THROUGH THE EYES OF EUROPEAN TRAVELLERS 欧洲旅行者眼中的萨法维陶瓷
Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.31566/arts.3.007
V. Afshar
The ceramic industry of Safavid Iran (1501-1732) represents one of the high points of the production of pottery in the world, and especially in the Islamic World. The present study aims to investigate Safavid ceramics from the accounts of European travellers and study their accounts about various aspects of Safavid ceramics. In this regard, dozens of travelogues of the Europeans who travelled to Iran during the Safavid era were studied. Travellers’ accounts on Safavid pottery that reflected in their travelogues, not only describes pottery as one of the distinguished Iranian industries, sometimes they also provide remarkable unique information about the pottery industry, the centers of manufacturing, trade, and export of pottery which are discussed in detail during the paper. This paper shows that travellers’ accounts are significant to the study of Safavid ceramic arts history.
伊朗萨法维王朝(1501-1732)的陶瓷业代表了世界上陶器生产的高峰之一,尤其是在伊斯兰世界。本研究旨在从欧洲旅行者的叙述中调查萨法维陶瓷,并研究他们对萨法维陶瓷各个方面的叙述。在这方面,研究人员研究了萨法维王朝时期前往伊朗旅行的数十位欧洲人的游记。旅行者在旅行记录中对萨法维陶艺的描述,不仅将陶艺描述为杰出的伊朗工业之一,有时还提供有关陶艺的独特信息,包括陶艺的制造、贸易和出口中心,这些都将在本文中详细讨论。本文认为,旅行者的记述对研究萨法维陶瓷艺术史具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Japan and the “Transnational Cinema” 日本与“跨国电影”
Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.3390/arts9020050
M. C. Martín, Norimasa Morita
Since the Western “discovery” of Japanese cinema in the 1950s, there has been a tendency among both Film Studies and Japanese Studies scholars to draw on essentialist visions of Japanese Cinema, understating its uniqueness as a consequence of its isolation from the rest of the world [...]
自从20世纪50年代西方“发现”日本电影以来,电影研究和日本研究学者都倾向于借鉴日本电影的本质主义观点,将其独特性低估为与世界其他地区隔绝的结果[…]
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引用次数: 0
Not Different Enough: Avoiding Representation as “Balkan” and the Constrained Appeal of Macedonian Ethno Music 不够不同:避免作为“巴尔干”的再现与马其顿民族音乐的有限诉求
Pub Date : 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.3390/arts9020045
Dave Wilson
Since the early 1990s, interest in various forms of traditional music among middle-class urban ethnic Macedonians has grown. Known by some as the “Ethno Renaissance”, this trend initially grew in the context of educational ensembles in Skopje and gained momentum due to the soundtrack of the internationally acclaimed Macedonian film Before the Rain (1994) and the formation of the group DD Synthesis by musician and pedagogue Dragan Dautovski. This article traces the development of this multifaceted musical practice, which became known as “ethno music” (etno muzika) and now typically features combinations of various traditional music styles with one another and with other musical styles. Ethno music articulates dynamic changes in Macedonian politics and wider global trends in the “world music” market, which valorizes musical hybridity as “authentic” and continues to prioritize performers perceived as exotic and different. This article discusses the rhetoric, representation, and musical styles of ethno music in the 1990s and in a second wave of “ethno bands” (etno bendovi) that began around 2005. Drawing on ethnography conducted between 2011 and 2018 and on experience as a musician performing and recording in Macedonia periodically since 2003, I argue that, while these bands and their multi-layered musical projects resonate with middle-class, cosmopolitan audiences in Macedonia and its diaspora, their avoidance of the term “Balkan” and associated stereotypes constrains their popularity to Macedonian audiences and prevents them from participating widely in world music festival networks and related markets.
自20世纪90年代初以来,中产阶级马其顿城市少数民族对各种形式的传统音乐的兴趣有所增长。这一趋势被一些人称为“民族复兴”,最初是在斯科普里的教育团体中发展起来的,并由于国际知名的马其顿电影《雨前》(1994)的配乐以及音乐家和教育家Dragan Dautovski组建的DD合成乐队而获得了动力。本文追溯了这种多方面的音乐实践的发展,这种音乐实践后来被称为“民族音乐”(etno muzika),现在典型的特点是各种传统音乐风格彼此结合,并与其他音乐风格结合。民族音乐表达了马其顿政治的动态变化和“世界音乐”市场更广泛的全球趋势,它将音乐杂糅视为“真实的”,并继续优先考虑被认为是异国情调和不同的表演者。本文讨论了20世纪90年代民族音乐的修辞、表现形式和音乐风格,以及2005年左右开始的第二波“民族乐队”(etno bendovi)。根据2011年至2018年期间进行的人种学研究,以及自2003年以来定期在马其顿演出和录音的音乐家经验,我认为,尽管这些乐队及其多层次的音乐项目与马其顿及其侨民的中产阶级、世界各地的观众产生了共鸣,他们对“巴尔干”一词的回避和相关的刻板印象限制了他们在马其顿听众中的知名度,并阻止他们广泛参与世界音乐节网络和相关市场。
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引用次数: 2
Books, Scrolls and Ripples: In Search of an Audience through the Printed Works of Helen Douglas 书,卷轴和涟漪:通过海伦·道格拉斯的印刷作品寻找观众
Pub Date : 2020-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/arts9010035
Chris Taylor
In this interview, artist and small press publisher Dr. Helen Douglas appraises the development of the artist’s book from its emergence in the 1950s and 1960s to seeking public recognition as a bone fide art form in the mid-1970s, through to the current global attention that it now attracts. Notions of the mass-produced and the handmade are questioned and examined in light of the freedom, cheapness and accessibility of digital technologies versus the time and labour of the artist in search of the haptic, intimate and conceptually complex experience.
在这次采访中,艺术家兼小型出版商海伦·道格拉斯博士评价了艺术家的书从20世纪50年代和60年代出现,到20世纪70年代中期作为一种真正的艺术形式寻求公众认可,再到目前吸引全球关注的发展。大规模生产和手工制作的概念受到质疑,并根据数字技术的自由、廉价和可及性,与艺术家寻找触觉、亲密和概念复杂体验的时间和劳动,进行了检验。
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引用次数: 0
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The Artist and Journal of Home Culture
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