Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419782
T. Sheppard, H. L. Yiu
Abstract Five Cu-P alloys have been produced by extruding cast and heat treated billets. This paper reports the effects of the extrusion variables on the resultant structure and properties. It is shown that the recrystallized structure observed in the α phase is produced by dynamic recrystallization occurring during the deformation process. The α grain size is determined by the processing parameters, but considerably modified in the two phase alloys by the Cu3P phase such that it may be quantified only by expressing it as a function of both extrusion ratio and temperature compensated strain rate. The deformation process is considerably affected by the large volume of second phase: the Cu3P being either broken or elongated during the extrusion process. The mechanical properties are influenced by the extrusion conditions and may be further modified by an annealing process which causes precipitation in the α phase and coalescence of the Cu3P phase. The mechanism of fracture during tensile testing is also rep...
{"title":"Microstructure and properties of some extruded copper–phosphorus alloys","authors":"T. Sheppard, H. L. Yiu","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419782","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Five Cu-P alloys have been produced by extruding cast and heat treated billets. This paper reports the effects of the extrusion variables on the resultant structure and properties. It is shown that the recrystallized structure observed in the α phase is produced by dynamic recrystallization occurring during the deformation process. The α grain size is determined by the processing parameters, but considerably modified in the two phase alloys by the Cu3P phase such that it may be quantified only by expressing it as a function of both extrusion ratio and temperature compensated strain rate. The deformation process is considerably affected by the large volume of second phase: the Cu3P being either broken or elongated during the extrusion process. The mechanical properties are influenced by the extrusion conditions and may be further modified by an annealing process which causes precipitation in the α phase and coalescence of the Cu3P phase. The mechanism of fracture during tensile testing is also rep...","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"34 1","pages":"439-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73523073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419791
T. Sakuma, R. Honeycombe
AbstractThe microstructures of an Fe-Nb-C alloy, with and without boron, developed by the γ → α transformation during isothermal holding were examined mainly by metallographic techniques. Ferrite formed above about 750°C is equiaxed or polygonal, while Widmanstatten ferrite is developed at lower transformation temperatures increasingly replacing polygonal ferrite, as commonly observed in low alloy steels. The carbide precipitation changes with transformation temperature. Above about 800°C, the structure is not uniform, i.e. almost carbide free ferrite is formed at first and later coarse interphase precipitation takes place. Interphase precipitation occurs readily around 800°C, while uniform precipitation of NbC from supersaturated ferrite is the principal structural change around 730°C. At the lower temperatures, ferrite often contains a high density of dislocations and coarse cementite. The observed structural changes are explained in terms of the γ → α reaction kinetics and the partition of carbon to au...
{"title":"Microstructures of isothermally transformed Fe-Nb-C alloys","authors":"T. Sakuma, R. Honeycombe","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419791","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe microstructures of an Fe-Nb-C alloy, with and without boron, developed by the γ → α transformation during isothermal holding were examined mainly by metallographic techniques. Ferrite formed above about 750°C is equiaxed or polygonal, while Widmanstatten ferrite is developed at lower transformation temperatures increasingly replacing polygonal ferrite, as commonly observed in low alloy steels. The carbide precipitation changes with transformation temperature. Above about 800°C, the structure is not uniform, i.e. almost carbide free ferrite is formed at first and later coarse interphase precipitation takes place. Interphase precipitation occurs readily around 800°C, while uniform precipitation of NbC from supersaturated ferrite is the principal structural change around 730°C. At the lower temperatures, ferrite often contains a high density of dislocations and coarse cementite. The observed structural changes are explained in terms of the γ → α reaction kinetics and the partition of carbon to au...","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"63 4 1","pages":"449-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88460205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419818
Z. Sun, H. Davies, J. Whiteman
AbstractAn attempt is made to resolve the apparent conflict between previous studies of the effects of rapid solidification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe(Mn, Ni)-Al-C alloys. The phase structure and morphology of rapidly solidified Fe-15Mn-8Al-2C alloy were investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray and electron diffraction. This paper presents the results of the investigation and a comparison is made with the results of previous workers.
{"title":"Phasestructure and morphology of rapidly solidified Fe-15Mn-8Al-2C alloy","authors":"Z. Sun, H. Davies, J. Whiteman","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419818","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAn attempt is made to resolve the apparent conflict between previous studies of the effects of rapid solidification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe(Mn, Ni)-Al-C alloys. The phase structure and morphology of rapidly solidified Fe-15Mn-8Al-2C alloy were investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray and electron diffraction. This paper presents the results of the investigation and a comparison is made with the results of previous workers.","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"61 1","pages":"459-463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90220370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419827
S. Szymura, A. Zawada
On peut obtenir de bonnes proprietes magnetiques dans des bandes de Fe-0% poids Si par recristallisation secondaire pour atteindre la texture (110) [001], l'inhibition de la croissance de grains apres achevement de la recristallisation primaire etant due aux precipites FeS et MnS qui se forment pendant la diffusion du soufre a partir du revetement. On determine le teneur en soufre du revetement et les limites a l'interieur desquelles, il est sur d'obtenir des bandes completement texturees
{"title":"Effect of sulphur content in coating on development of (110)[001] texture of thin silicon–iron sheets","authors":"S. Szymura, A. Zawada","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419827","url":null,"abstract":"On peut obtenir de bonnes proprietes magnetiques dans des bandes de Fe-0% poids Si par recristallisation secondaire pour atteindre la texture (110) [001], l'inhibition de la croissance de grains apres achevement de la recristallisation primaire etant due aux precipites FeS et MnS qui se forment pendant la diffusion du soufre a partir du revetement. On determine le teneur en soufre du revetement et les limites a l'interieur desquelles, il est sur d'obtenir des bandes completement texturees","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"190 1","pages":"455-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91525091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419764
S. Claeys, J. Jones
AbstractThe influence of microstructural instability on long time creep life prediction has been investigated using Al alloy 6061 as a model material. The effect of microstructural changes on lifetime during long time creep, was determined by measuring the influence of microstructural degradation on steady state creep rate through the use of accelerated aging and short time creep tests. It was observed that at intermediate stresses at 260 and 288°C the creep life was strongly influenced by the rate of microstructural degradation and method proposed by other workers are effective in predicting creep life. At low stresses it was found that creep lives for times approaching 100000 hare adequately predicted by performing short time creep tests on fully overaged specimens and using simple extrapolation techniques. The results indicate that a knowledge of the aging response of alloys can be used to predict long time creep lives with reasonable accuracy.
{"title":"Role of microstructural instability in long time creep life prediction","authors":"S. Claeys, J. Jones","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419764","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe influence of microstructural instability on long time creep life prediction has been investigated using Al alloy 6061 as a model material. The effect of microstructural changes on lifetime during long time creep, was determined by measuring the influence of microstructural degradation on steady state creep rate through the use of accelerated aging and short time creep tests. It was observed that at intermediate stresses at 260 and 288°C the creep life was strongly influenced by the rate of microstructural degradation and method proposed by other workers are effective in predicting creep life. At low stresses it was found that creep lives for times approaching 100000 hare adequately predicted by performing short time creep tests on fully overaged specimens and using simple extrapolation techniques. The results indicate that a knowledge of the aging response of alloys can be used to predict long time creep lives with reasonable accuracy.","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"4 1","pages":"432-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81659474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419773
W. Youdelis, D. R. Grekul
AbstractThe concept of nucleation entropy has been developed in previous papers and applied to interpret the markedly enhanced grain refinement of Al by Ti when small amounts of Si (Refs. 2 and 3) and Be (Ref. 4) are added. In the theory, the nucleation entropy and the corresponding rate of nucleation of the peritectic compound increase if the third element concentrates in the peritectic compound. In the case of Si additions, incorporation of Si into the binary TiAl3 phase is required at a level which exceeds the concentration in the liquid alloy. The presence in an annealed and equilibrated Al-Ti-Si alloy of the compound TiAl2.4Si0.6, which has the body centred tetragonal (bct) structure of TiAl3, has been reported by Ramon and Schubert. In a more recent communication, Youdelis and Yang have shown that the bct Ti(Al, Si)3 compound (ranging in composition from TiAl1.83Si0.04 to TiAl2.38Si0.19)forms in a solidified non-equilibrated Al-Ti-Si alloy. The above conclusion that Si is incorporated into the TiAl3...
{"title":"Impurity distribution In commercial Al-Ti and Al-Ti-B hardeners","authors":"W. Youdelis, D. R. Grekul","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419773","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe concept of nucleation entropy has been developed in previous papers and applied to interpret the markedly enhanced grain refinement of Al by Ti when small amounts of Si (Refs. 2 and 3) and Be (Ref. 4) are added. In the theory, the nucleation entropy and the corresponding rate of nucleation of the peritectic compound increase if the third element concentrates in the peritectic compound. In the case of Si additions, incorporation of Si into the binary TiAl3 phase is required at a level which exceeds the concentration in the liquid alloy. The presence in an annealed and equilibrated Al-Ti-Si alloy of the compound TiAl2.4Si0.6, which has the body centred tetragonal (bct) structure of TiAl3, has been reported by Ramon and Schubert. In a more recent communication, Youdelis and Yang have shown that the bct Ti(Al, Si)3 compound (ranging in composition from TiAl1.83Si0.04 to TiAl2.38Si0.19)forms in a solidified non-equilibrated Al-Ti-Si alloy. The above conclusion that Si is incorporated into the TiAl3...","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"9 1","pages":"464-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75671536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-08-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419845
C. You, C. A. Hippsley, J. Knott
AbstractStress relief cracking (SRC) is a potential risk during the post-weld heat treatment of fabrication welds. The present study investigates the susceptibility of Q1N (HY 80), a high strength weldable steel, to cracking in a recently developed stress relaxation test designed to simulate stress relief conditions. It has been found in previous investigations of the behaviour of 2.25Cr-1Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni steels in this test that the coarse grained heat affected zone (HAZ) is the most susceptible microstructure. In the present work, a comparison has been made of cracking behaviour in the HAZ of a metal inert gas butt weld and also in plate material in which the coarse grained HAZ microstructure has been simulated by application of an appropriate thermal cycle. The micromechanisms of cracking have been examined in both conditions and the prediction of SRC behaviour in service weldments from the observed behaviour of simulated HAZs is evaluated. It was found that cracking occurred under applied stresses of a...
{"title":"Stress relief cracking phenomena in high strength structural steel","authors":"C. You, C. A. Hippsley, J. Knott","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419845","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractStress relief cracking (SRC) is a potential risk during the post-weld heat treatment of fabrication welds. The present study investigates the susceptibility of Q1N (HY 80), a high strength weldable steel, to cracking in a recently developed stress relaxation test designed to simulate stress relief conditions. It has been found in previous investigations of the behaviour of 2.25Cr-1Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni steels in this test that the coarse grained heat affected zone (HAZ) is the most susceptible microstructure. In the present work, a comparison has been made of cracking behaviour in the HAZ of a metal inert gas butt weld and also in plate material in which the coarse grained HAZ microstructure has been simulated by application of an appropriate thermal cycle. The micromechanisms of cracking have been examined in both conditions and the prediction of SRC behaviour in service weldments from the observed behaviour of simulated HAZs is evaluated. It was found that cracking occurred under applied stresses of a...","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"75 1","pages":"387-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90928411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-08-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419836
J. Shin, C. Mcmahon
AbstractThe mechanisms of, and susceptibility to, stress relief cracking (SRC) were studied in A 508 class 2 and A 533 B pressure vessel steels by means of fixed displacement, load relaxation tests on notched specimens in pure bending at 823–923 K in vacuum. The specimens had previously been given heat affected zone simulation treatments in the range 1323–1573 K. The mechanisms of SRC were found to be the same as reported separately for A 508 2 steel, which was found to be generally more susceptible to SRC than A 533 B steel because of the faster formation of microcracks and coalescence of microcracks into a macrocrack. This can be rationalized in terms of the higher creep strength in A 508 2 steel owing to the presence of chromium, and the higher concentration of intergranular sulphur or reprecipitated sulphides owing to the lower manganese content of A 508 2 steel, which results in less stable sulphides. These factors are discussed in the framework of a recently proposed model for the brittle mode of SRC.
{"title":"Comparison of stress relief cracking in A 508 2 and A 533 B pressure vessel steels","authors":"J. Shin, C. Mcmahon","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419836","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe mechanisms of, and susceptibility to, stress relief cracking (SRC) were studied in A 508 class 2 and A 533 B pressure vessel steels by means of fixed displacement, load relaxation tests on notched specimens in pure bending at 823–923 K in vacuum. The specimens had previously been given heat affected zone simulation treatments in the range 1323–1573 K. The mechanisms of SRC were found to be the same as reported separately for A 508 2 steel, which was found to be generally more susceptible to SRC than A 533 B steel because of the faster formation of microcracks and coalescence of microcracks into a macrocrack. This can be rationalized in terms of the higher creep strength in A 508 2 steel owing to the presence of chromium, and the higher concentration of intergranular sulphur or reprecipitated sulphides owing to the lower manganese content of A 508 2 steel, which results in less stable sulphides. These factors are discussed in the framework of a recently proposed model for the brittle mode of SRC.","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"23 1","pages":"403-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89315336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-08-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419872
W. Voice, R. Faulkner
AbstractConventional theory on the dissolution of a spherical particle of a second phase in an alloy is shown to be inappropriate when considering carbide species. In particular, the assumptions of an error function solute concentration profile and a constant equilibrium solute concentration level at the interface cannot be made. A model for computer simulated dissolution is therefore proposed which is based on the diffusion of solute away from a carbide particle across discrete shell increments. The method is used to predict times for complete and partial dissolutions of M23C6 particles in Nimonic 80A (registered trade mark of Henry Wiggin and Co. Ltd). As a result, the effect of solution heat treatment of the alloy is more clearly understood and practical improvements are recommended.
摘要传统的第二相球形颗粒在合金中溶解的理论在考虑碳化物种类时是不合适的。特别是，不能假设误差函数的溶质浓度分布和恒定的平衡溶质浓度水平在界面上。因此，提出了一个计算机模拟溶解的模型，该模型基于溶质从碳化物颗粒扩散到离散壳增量的过程。该方法用于预测M23C6颗粒在Nimonic 80A (Henry Wiggin and Co Ltd .的注册商标)中完全和部分溶解的时间。从而对该合金固溶热处理的效果有了更清晰的认识，并提出了切实可行的改进建议。
{"title":"Computer simulated dissolution of carbide precipitates in alloys","authors":"W. Voice, R. Faulkner","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419872","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractConventional theory on the dissolution of a spherical particle of a second phase in an alloy is shown to be inappropriate when considering carbide species. In particular, the assumptions of an error function solute concentration profile and a constant equilibrium solute concentration level at the interface cannot be made. A model for computer simulated dissolution is therefore proposed which is based on the diffusion of solute away from a carbide particle across discrete shell increments. The method is used to predict times for complete and partial dissolutions of M23C6 particles in Nimonic 80A (registered trade mark of Henry Wiggin and Co. Ltd). As a result, the effect of solution heat treatment of the alloy is more clearly understood and practical improvements are recommended.","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"18 1","pages":"411-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84593896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-08-01DOI: 10.1179/030634584790419854
H. Mcqueen, E. Evangelista, J. Bowles, G. Crawford
AbstractThe AA 5083 alloy was deformed in torsion in the ranges 300–500°C and 0.1–1 S−1 to a strain of 5. The flow stress as a function of strain rose to a maximum value then gradually decreased towards a steady state and had a dependence on temperature and strain rate of the traditional form with an activation energy higher than that for pure Al. Optical microstructures of specimens quenched after working ranged from elongated grains at 300°C to recrystallized grains at 500°C. Transmission electron microscope subgrain structures from all conditions of working were more recovered at higher temperatures and lower strain rates. The subgrain diameters are smaller than those in commercial Al mainly as a result of the increased density of particles and this is in agreement with observations in extrusions. Since the degree of recovery is not substantially less than in commercial Al, one is led to confirm the theory that the dynamic recrystallization is caused by particles of <0.6 μm.
{"title":"Hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization of Al-5Mg-0.8Mn alloy","authors":"H. Mcqueen, E. Evangelista, J. Bowles, G. Crawford","doi":"10.1179/030634584790419854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/030634584790419854","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe AA 5083 alloy was deformed in torsion in the ranges 300–500°C and 0.1–1 S−1 to a strain of 5. The flow stress as a function of strain rose to a maximum value then gradually decreased towards a steady state and had a dependence on temperature and strain rate of the traditional form with an activation energy higher than that for pure Al. Optical microstructures of specimens quenched after working ranged from elongated grains at 300°C to recrystallized grains at 500°C. Transmission electron microscope subgrain structures from all conditions of working were more recovered at higher temperatures and lower strain rates. The subgrain diameters are smaller than those in commercial Al mainly as a result of the increased density of particles and this is in agreement with observations in extrusions. Since the degree of recovery is not substantially less than in commercial Al, one is led to confirm the theory that the dynamic recrystallization is caused by particles of <0.6 μm.","PeriodicalId":18750,"journal":{"name":"Metal science","volume":"44 1","pages":"395-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79279463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：