Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz .) is a perennial shrub of the Euphorbiaceae family native of eastern tropical South America, grown in the tropics of Africa and Asia for its tuberous roots. Its cultivation is constrained by several problems including the use of cuttings infected with diseases and pests, the lack of high quality seed, low productivity, high heterozygosity, low fertility, poor seed set and seed germination. The objective of this study was to find the optimal conditions for micropropagation of two varieties of cassava released for farmers for the production of high quality planting materials. These include determination of the effect of temperature on bud-break of mother plants, differences in concentrations of salt, sucrose, and thidiazuron (TDZ) in a semi-solid MS medium, pH, two-step MS medium and repeated subcultures. The mean number of shoots per plant for axillary bud-break was highest (10.8) at 26°C for that from ‘Kello’ and 9.8 at 30°C for that from ‘Qulle’. The highest mean number of shoots per explant was obtained on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L TDZ for both varieties on both semi-solid and two-step MS medium culture system. Maximum mean shoot number was obtained on MS medium of a quarter and full salt strength for ‘Kello’ and ‘Qulle’, respectively. The highest mean number of shoots per explant for ‘Kello’ (4.10) and ‘Qulle’ (2.40) was obtained at pH 5.6 and 6.6, respectively. ‘Kello’ produced 3.70 shoots per explant on MS medium containing 1.5% sucrose. Repeated subculturing of ‘Qulle’ resulted in gradual loss of multiplication rate from the third subculture onwards. The present study contributes to optimization of micropropagation of cassava. Key words/phrases: Liquid medium, Salt strength, Shoot multiplication, Sucrose, TDZ.
{"title":"Factors affecting in vitro propagation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Euphorbiaceae, varieties of ‘Kello’ and ‘Qulle’","authors":"Roza Berhanu, T. Feyissa","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V12I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V12I1","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz .) is a perennial shrub of the Euphorbiaceae family native of eastern tropical South America, grown in the tropics of Africa and Asia for its tuberous roots. Its cultivation is constrained by several problems including the use of cuttings infected with diseases and pests, the lack of high quality seed, low productivity, high heterozygosity, low fertility, poor seed set and seed germination. The objective of this study was to find the optimal conditions for micropropagation of two varieties of cassava released for farmers for the production of high quality planting materials. These include determination of the effect of temperature on bud-break of mother plants, differences in concentrations of salt, sucrose, and thidiazuron (TDZ) in a semi-solid MS medium, pH, two-step MS medium and repeated subcultures. The mean number of shoots per plant for axillary bud-break was highest (10.8) at 26°C for that from ‘Kello’ and 9.8 at 30°C for that from ‘Qulle’. The highest mean number of shoots per explant was obtained on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L TDZ for both varieties on both semi-solid and two-step MS medium culture system. Maximum mean shoot number was obtained on MS medium of a quarter and full salt strength for ‘Kello’ and ‘Qulle’, respectively. The highest mean number of shoots per explant for ‘Kello’ (4.10) and ‘Qulle’ (2.40) was obtained at pH 5.6 and 6.6, respectively. ‘Kello’ produced 3.70 shoots per explant on MS medium containing 1.5% sucrose. Repeated subculturing of ‘Qulle’ resulted in gradual loss of multiplication rate from the third subculture onwards. The present study contributes to optimization of micropropagation of cassava. Key words/phrases: Liquid medium, Salt strength, Shoot multiplication, Sucrose, TDZ.","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"208 0 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123162703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study of diversity, distribution and abundance of fishes in Lake Langeno (also written as Langano in the literature), Ethiopia, was conducted from March 2014 through February 2016. The basis for this study was that fish species were subject to uncontrolled fishing over many years and existing data on diversity has become unreliable for management and sustainability of the sector. In order to examine the existing diversity, habitat preference and seasonal distribution, spatial and temporal data were collected from six different sampling sites by using various mesh-sizes of gillnets and long lines. Data were analyzed by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), SPSS software and also by various descriptive statistics. The results indicate that all the physico-chemical parameters did not show significant spatial, but high temporal variations. A total of seven fish species dominated by cyprinid family were identified (H′ = 1.264). Carassius carassius and Cyprinus carpio, which were not reported in previous studies, now comprise 0.64% and 6.99% of the total collected specimens, respectively. All the fish species were collected from all the sampling sites, except at the middle site where C. carassius and Garra dembecha were absent. IRI was essentially similar for all the sampling sites, but differed in the relative importance of each species with the high importance of Oreochromis niloticus. Principal component analysis (PCA) did not produce distinct habitat-associated species patterns across the sampling sites. However, temperature and depth seemed to be the key environmental factors determining fish community structure in the lake. The results showed that the composition of the fishes has undergone some changes from what was reported in the literature. Therefore, appropriate management action is required in order to sustain the resources for conservation and continued fishing practices.Keywords/phrases: Diversity, Ethiopia, Fish abundance, Fish distribution, Lake Langeno
{"title":"Diversity, distribution and abundance of fish species in Lake Langeno, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Temesgen, A. Getahun, B. Lemma","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V15I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V15I2","url":null,"abstract":"This study of diversity, distribution and abundance of fishes in Lake Langeno (also written as Langano in the literature), Ethiopia, was conducted from March 2014 through February 2016. The basis for this study was that fish species were subject to uncontrolled fishing over many years and existing data on diversity has become unreliable for management and sustainability of the sector. In order to examine the existing diversity, habitat preference and seasonal distribution, spatial and temporal data were collected from six different sampling sites by using various mesh-sizes of gillnets and long lines. Data were analyzed by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), SPSS software and also by various descriptive statistics. The results indicate that all the physico-chemical parameters did not show significant spatial, but high temporal variations. A total of seven fish species dominated by cyprinid family were identified (H′ = 1.264). Carassius carassius and Cyprinus carpio, which were not reported in previous studies, now comprise 0.64% and 6.99% of the total collected specimens, respectively. All the fish species were collected from all the sampling sites, except at the middle site where C. carassius and Garra dembecha were absent. IRI was essentially similar for all the sampling sites, but differed in the relative importance of each species with the high importance of Oreochromis niloticus. Principal component analysis (PCA) did not produce distinct habitat-associated species patterns across the sampling sites. However, temperature and depth seemed to be the key environmental factors determining fish community structure in the lake. The results showed that the composition of the fishes has undergone some changes from what was reported in the literature. Therefore, appropriate management action is required in order to sustain the resources for conservation and continued fishing practices.Keywords/phrases: Diversity, Ethiopia, Fish abundance, Fish distribution, Lake Langeno","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116580206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ten chili (Capsicum spp) varieties were screened for resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) in field experiments at two locations, Alaba and Maraqo. Starting seven days after transplanting, plants in each plot were monitored for diseases symptoms and infections. Data on incidence and severity of anthracnose were collected. Besides, the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and yield components were recorded before and after harvest. The data showed that the incidence of anthracnose disease and yield parameters such as dry fruit weight per plant, number of fruit per plant, pulp weight per plant, unmarketable fruits weight per plant, fruit length and days to 50 percent maturity, differed significantly among the tested genotypes at both locations. The majority of the genotypes were rated as moderate resistant to susceptible ones and none of the genotypes was free from the disease at both locations. Total yield per plant was higher at Alaba than Maraqo. This variation is related to the level of disease intensity, which was higher at Maraqo. After thorough multi-location researches, the identified sources of resistance were recommended to be utilized in future pepper breeding programs.Key words/phrases: AUDPC, Fruit weight, Resistance, Screening, Yield.
{"title":"In Memoriam - Professor Ensermu Kelbessa","authors":"S. Mengistou","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V15I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V15I1","url":null,"abstract":"Ten chili (Capsicum spp) varieties were screened for resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) in field experiments at two locations, Alaba and Maraqo. Starting seven days after transplanting, plants in each plot were monitored for diseases symptoms and infections. Data on incidence and severity of anthracnose were collected. Besides, the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and yield components were recorded before and after harvest. The data showed that the incidence of anthracnose disease and yield parameters such as dry fruit weight per plant, number of fruit per plant, pulp weight per plant, unmarketable fruits weight per plant, fruit length and days to 50 percent maturity, differed significantly among the tested genotypes at both locations. The majority of the genotypes were rated as moderate resistant to susceptible ones and none of the genotypes was free from the disease at both locations. Total yield per plant was higher at Alaba than Maraqo. This variation is related to the level of disease intensity, which was higher at Maraqo. After thorough multi-location researches, the identified sources of resistance were recommended to be utilized in future pepper breeding programs.Key words/phrases: AUDPC, Fruit weight, Resistance, Screening, Yield.","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115096981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The “ International Workshop on Enset ( Ensete ventricosum ) for Sustainable Development: Current research trends, gaps and future direction for a coordinated multidisciplinary approach in Ethiopia ” has taken place between October 17 and 18, 2016.
{"title":"Addis Ababa declaration on Enset","authors":"S. Mengistou","doi":"10.4314/ejbs.v17i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejbs.v17i1","url":null,"abstract":"The “ International Workshop on Enset ( Ensete ventricosum ) for Sustainable Development: Current research trends, gaps and future direction for a coordinated multidisciplinary approach in Ethiopia ” has taken place between October 17 and 18, 2016.","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121159624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diversity and relative abundance of fish species of Gendwuha, Guang, Shinfa, and Ayima Rivers from Tekeze and Blue Nile (Abay) basins were studied. One thousand sixty three (1063) fish samples were collected using gillnets of 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 cm stretched mesh sizes, monofilaments with stretched mesh sizes of 5, 10, 15, 19, 25 35, 45 and 55 mm as well as hooks and lines. Fish sampling was also done by fyke and cast nets. The fishes were collected in dry and wet seasons in October-November 2007 and January 2008. Twenty seven species were identified that belong to 18 genera and 13 families. Cyprinidae, Alestidae, Bagridae and Mormyridae were the dominant families, with respect to numbers of species. Cyprinidae was the most dominant family in all the four rivers, and it comprised 51.5 % (Index of Relative Importance-IRI) of the catches from the four rivers. Labeobarbus and Mormyrus were the most represented genera with 4 and 3 species each, respectively. A higher number of species was recorded from Rivers Shinfa and Ayima with 20 species each, whereas 18 and 16 species were identified from Guang and Gendwuha Rivers, respectively. Fish contributes to food security of the surrounding communities and understanding the resource potential and recommending appropriate management options for sustainable utilization of this fishery need further research. Keywords/phrases: Blue Nile basin, Conservation, Fish abundance, Fish diversity, Tekeze basin Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 8(2): 145-163, 2009
{"title":"Diversity and relative abundance of fishes in some rivers of the Tekeze and Blue Nile (Abay) basins, Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Tewabe, A. Getahun, E. Dejen","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V8I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V8I2","url":null,"abstract":"Diversity and relative abundance of fish species of Gendwuha, Guang, Shinfa, and Ayima Rivers from Tekeze and Blue Nile (Abay) basins were studied. One thousand sixty three (1063) fish samples were collected using gillnets of 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 cm stretched mesh sizes, monofilaments with stretched mesh sizes of 5, 10, 15, 19, 25 35, 45 and 55 mm as well as hooks and lines. Fish sampling was also done by fyke and cast nets. The fishes were collected in dry and wet seasons in October-November 2007 and January 2008. Twenty seven species were identified that belong to 18 genera and 13 families. Cyprinidae, Alestidae, Bagridae and Mormyridae were the dominant families, with respect to numbers of species. Cyprinidae was the most dominant family in all the four rivers, and it comprised 51.5 % (Index of Relative Importance-IRI) of the catches from the four rivers. Labeobarbus and Mormyrus were the most represented genera with 4 and 3 species each, respectively. A higher number of species was recorded from Rivers Shinfa and Ayima with 20 species each, whereas 18 and 16 species were identified from Guang and Gendwuha Rivers, respectively. Fish contributes to food security of the surrounding communities and understanding the resource potential and recommending appropriate management options for sustainable utilization of this fishery need further research. Keywords/phrases: Blue Nile basin, Conservation, Fish abundance, Fish diversity, Tekeze basin Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 8(2): 145-163, 2009","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132498164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Woody species composition and structure of the Belete forest was studied from December 2005 to September 2006. Thirty two sampling plots, each having a size of 20 m X 20 m, were laid at every 50m altitudinal gradient. 74 woody species belonging to 68 genera and 38 families were recorded in the forest. Thirty two (40.5%) of the species were trees, 39 (49.4%) shrubs and the remaining 8 (10.1%) species were climbers. Podocarpus falcatus was the only Gymnosperm identified from the forest and all the rest were Angiosperms. Diameter and height was measured for all trees and shrubs with DBH greater than 2 cm. Tree density was 1482 individuals per hectare and the basal area was 90.6m 2 /ha. Most of the individuals were distributed in the lower DBH and height classes. Four general patterns of population structure were recognized. Keywords/phrases: Basal Area, Belete Forest, Diameter at Breast Height, Species Composition Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 7(1): 1-15, 2008
2005年12月至2006年9月对Belete森林的木本树种组成和结构进行了研究。32个样地，每个样地的大小为20 m X 20 m，每隔50m的海拔梯度敷设。共有木本植物74种，隶属于38科68属。乔木32种(40.5%)，灌木39种(49.4%)，攀缘植物8种(10.1%)。在森林中发现的裸子植物仅为狐尾足，其余均为被子植物。测量了所有胸径大于2 cm的乔灌木的直径和高度。乔木密度为1482株/公顷，基材面积为90.6 m2 /ha。大多数个体分布在低胸径级和低高度级。确认了人口结构的四种一般模式。关键词:基底面积;贝勒特林;胸径;生物。科学通报，7(1):1-15,2008
{"title":"Vegetation composition and structure of the Belete Forest, Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia","authors":"Kitessa Hundera, T. Gadissa","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V7I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V7I1","url":null,"abstract":"Woody species composition and structure of the Belete forest was studied from December 2005 to September 2006. Thirty two sampling plots, each having a size of 20 m X 20 m, were laid at every 50m altitudinal gradient. 74 woody species belonging to 68 genera and 38 families were recorded in the forest. Thirty two (40.5%) of the species were trees, 39 (49.4%) shrubs and the remaining 8 (10.1%) species were climbers. Podocarpus falcatus was the only Gymnosperm identified from the forest and all the rest were Angiosperms. Diameter and height was measured for all trees and shrubs with DBH greater than 2 cm. Tree density was 1482 individuals per hectare and the basal area was 90.6m 2 /ha. Most of the individuals were distributed in the lower DBH and height classes. Four general patterns of population structure were recognized. Keywords/phrases: Basal Area, Belete Forest, Diameter at Breast Height, Species Composition Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 7(1): 1-15, 2008","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121885977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted at Geregera and Kone testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, northeastern Ethiopia. The objective of the experiment was to estimate the genetic divergence among durum wheat germplasm of diverse origin and clustering them into homogenous groups for further hybridization program. Genetic divergence analysis was computed based on multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis's D 2 statistics. Based on D2 values, 64 durum wheat genotypes were grouped into ten clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster-II and cluster-III (D 2 =57.15). Analysis within the indigenous durum wheat germplasm indicated that there was no correspondence between geographic and genetic distances. That is, germplasm collected from the same geographic area were placed into different cluster groups indicating their differences. Thus, to get more genetic variability, further collection mission should be targeted in major durum wheat growing regions of Ethiopia. On the other hand, indigenous and exotic germplasm were grouped into different clusters except in cluster-VI and cluster-X. Cluster-VI consisted of seven indigenous and one exotic germplasm. Cluster-X on the contrary, consisted of seven exotic and one indigenous germplasm, implying the presence of parallelism between genetic and geographic distances. Thus, there is an opportunity to improve grain yield through hybridization of genotypes from genetically divergent clusters and subsequent selection from the segregating generations. Crossing of parents involving cluster-IX (indigenous) with cluster-III (exotic) would complement each other and could result in high genetic variability and superior segregates having good combinations of characters from both parents. Keywords/phrases: Clustering, Genetic divergence, Genetic variability Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 7(2): 111-121, 2008
{"title":"Analysis of genetic divergence in Durum wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) and selection of elite parents for hybridization","authors":"Arega Gashaw, H. Mohammed, Harjit Singh","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V7I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V7I2","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Geregera and Kone testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, northeastern Ethiopia. The objective of the experiment was to estimate the genetic divergence among durum wheat germplasm of diverse origin and clustering them into homogenous groups for further hybridization program. Genetic divergence analysis was computed based on multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis's D 2 statistics. Based on D2 values, 64 durum wheat genotypes were grouped into ten clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster-II and cluster-III (D 2 =57.15). Analysis within the indigenous durum wheat germplasm indicated that there was no correspondence between geographic and genetic distances. That is, germplasm collected from the same geographic area were placed into different cluster groups indicating their differences. Thus, to get more genetic variability, further collection mission should be targeted in major durum wheat growing regions of Ethiopia. On the other hand, indigenous and exotic germplasm were grouped into different clusters except in cluster-VI and cluster-X. Cluster-VI consisted of seven indigenous and one exotic germplasm. Cluster-X on the contrary, consisted of seven exotic and one indigenous germplasm, implying the presence of parallelism between genetic and geographic distances. Thus, there is an opportunity to improve grain yield through hybridization of genotypes from genetically divergent clusters and subsequent selection from the segregating generations. Crossing of parents involving cluster-IX (indigenous) with cluster-III (exotic) would complement each other and could result in high genetic variability and superior segregates having good combinations of characters from both parents. Keywords/phrases: Clustering, Genetic divergence, Genetic variability Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 7(2): 111-121, 2008","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129564568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted in a small rural village called Waktolla, within Jimma Zone of Oromia National Regional State, where there were burrow pits of various sorts. The objective of the study was to make an inventory data on the diversity of aquatic animals on these least studied habitats. A scoop net with a mesh size of 1 mm was used to sweep the water for a length of 1 m. A total of 19,678 aquatic animals were sampled from 79 burrow pits during the two peak rainy months, August and September, 2011. The only vertebrate representatives, tadpoles of order Anura comprised only 8.1% of the total faunal collection and the rest was comprised by invertebrates (91.9%). Insects and nematomorphs were found to be the most (59.1%) and the least (0.3%) abundant invertebrates, respectively. The organisms in Class Insecta were grouped into 7 Orders (which except Order Collembola could be further identified to families): Orders Diptera (12), Ephemeroptera (2), Hemiptera (11), Coleoptera (4), Odonata (2), and, Lepidoptera (1), with dipterans and collembolans being the most (36.9%) and the least (0.4%) abundant insects, respectively. Invertebrates in subphylum Crustacea were classified into Class Ostracoda, and Orders Cladocera and Cyclopoida, which except Ostracodas were identified into two and a single family, respectively. The most and least abundant crustaceans were cladocerans (71%) and cyclopoids (0.1%), respectively. Class Gastropoda was also identified into 2 families, but the remaining animals in Orders Araneae and Anura, Class Oligochaeta, Phyla Nematoda and Nematomorpha could not be identified to successive lower taxa. It is anticipated that as such type of inventory work continues in different water bodies of Ethiopia, catalogues and keys of aquatic invertebrates of the country will be developed. Keywords/phrases: Abundance, Aquatic fauna, Burrow pits, Composition, Taxa
{"title":"Faunal composition and abundance in temporary aquatic habitats of southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Zelalem Teffera, S. Mengistou","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V16I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V16I1","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in a small rural village called Waktolla, within Jimma Zone of Oromia National Regional State, where there were burrow pits of various sorts. The objective of the study was to make an inventory data on the diversity of aquatic animals on these least studied habitats. A scoop net with a mesh size of 1 mm was used to sweep the water for a length of 1 m. A total of 19,678 aquatic animals were sampled from 79 burrow pits during the two peak rainy months, August and September, 2011. The only vertebrate representatives, tadpoles of order Anura comprised only 8.1% of the total faunal collection and the rest was comprised by invertebrates (91.9%). Insects and nematomorphs were found to be the most (59.1%) and the least (0.3%) abundant invertebrates, respectively. The organisms in Class Insecta were grouped into 7 Orders (which except Order Collembola could be further identified to families): Orders Diptera (12), Ephemeroptera (2), Hemiptera (11), Coleoptera (4), Odonata (2), and, Lepidoptera (1), with dipterans and collembolans being the most (36.9%) and the least (0.4%) abundant insects, respectively. Invertebrates in subphylum Crustacea were classified into Class Ostracoda, and Orders Cladocera and Cyclopoida, which except Ostracodas were identified into two and a single family, respectively. The most and least abundant crustaceans were cladocerans (71%) and cyclopoids (0.1%), respectively. Class Gastropoda was also identified into 2 families, but the remaining animals in Orders Araneae and Anura, Class Oligochaeta, Phyla Nematoda and Nematomorpha could not be identified to successive lower taxa. It is anticipated that as such type of inventory work continues in different water bodies of Ethiopia, catalogues and keys of aquatic invertebrates of the country will be developed. Keywords/phrases: Abundance, Aquatic fauna, Burrow pits, Composition, Taxa","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121969927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLITNs) (PermaNet ® 2.0) over time and the species composition of Anopheles mosquitoes around Bahir Dar. The space spray collection method was used to determine the species composition of indoor resting Anopheles mosquitoes in the study area. Field collected samples of household used PermaNet ® 2.0 were tested for their bioefficacy against laboratory reared An. arabiensis following the World Health Organisation standard cone test protocol. The study revealed that 75% of Anopheles mosquitoes collected from indoor location in the study area was An. arabiensis indicating that this species was the primary potential vector of malaria in the study area. The mean percentage knockdown effect of PermaNet ® 2.0 up to two years of household usage against females An. arabiensis was 100%. However, this effect decreased to 44.5% after three and half years of household use. There was no significant difference ( P > 0.5) in the mean percent mortality caused by PermaNet ® 2.0 after six months and two years household usage (92.5% and 84%, respectively). However, under laboratory conditions there was recorded a markedly significant reduction ( P < 0.01) in the mean percent mortality of females An. arabiensis exposed to PermaNet ® 2.0 that has been used for three and half years (27%). Close monitoring on the feeding and resting behavior of malaria vector mosquitoes and awareness creation on the proper utilization of the bed net need to be conducted to check and maintain its feasibility as part of integrated malaria vector management. Keywords/phrases: Anopheles arabiensis, Bioefficacy, Long-lasting insecticide treated nets, PermaNet Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 10(1): 103-110, 2011
{"title":"Effective utilization period of long-lasting insecticide treated nets against Malaria vector mosquitoes and the species composition in North West Ethiopia","authors":"Yelfwagash Asmare, H. Tekie, E. Seyoum","doi":"10.4314/EJBS.V10I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJBS.V10I1","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLITNs) (PermaNet ® 2.0) over time and the species composition of Anopheles mosquitoes around Bahir Dar. The space spray collection method was used to determine the species composition of indoor resting Anopheles mosquitoes in the study area. Field collected samples of household used PermaNet ® 2.0 were tested for their bioefficacy against laboratory reared An. arabiensis following the World Health Organisation standard cone test protocol. The study revealed that 75% of Anopheles mosquitoes collected from indoor location in the study area was An. arabiensis indicating that this species was the primary potential vector of malaria in the study area. The mean percentage knockdown effect of PermaNet ® 2.0 up to two years of household usage against females An. arabiensis was 100%. However, this effect decreased to 44.5% after three and half years of household use. There was no significant difference ( P > 0.5) in the mean percent mortality caused by PermaNet ® 2.0 after six months and two years household usage (92.5% and 84%, respectively). However, under laboratory conditions there was recorded a markedly significant reduction ( P < 0.01) in the mean percent mortality of females An. arabiensis exposed to PermaNet ® 2.0 that has been used for three and half years (27%). Close monitoring on the feeding and resting behavior of malaria vector mosquitoes and awareness creation on the proper utilization of the bed net need to be conducted to check and maintain its feasibility as part of integrated malaria vector management. Keywords/phrases: Anopheles arabiensis, Bioefficacy, Long-lasting insecticide treated nets, PermaNet Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci ., 10(1): 103-110, 2011","PeriodicalId":187522,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130016358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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