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Taxonomic revision of the Typhula ishikariensis complex. 石氏伤寒复合体的分类学修订。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.03.003
Tamotsu Hoshino, Oleg B Tkachenko, Motoaki Tojo, Anne Marte Tronsmo, Taiga Kasuya, Naoyuki Matsumoto

Typhula ishikariensis and the related fungi were separated into three biological species by morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as DNA sequences and mating reactions. We propose that the T. ishikariensis complex should be divided into three species (T. ishikariensis, T. canadensis and T. hyperborea) and two varieties (T. ishikariensis var. ishikariensis and var. idahoensis). Typhula hyperborea was reappraised to be recognized also as a separate species of the T. ishikariensis complex.

根据形态和生理特征、DNA序列和交配反应,将石kariensis及其相关真菌划分为3个生物种。我们认为石kariensis复合体可分为3个种(T. ishikariensis、T. canadensis和T. hyperborea)和2个变种(T. ishikariensis var. ishikariensis和var. idahoensis)。对大北伤寒进行了重新评价,认为它也是石kariensis复合体的一个独立种。
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引用次数: 3
Phylogeny and taxonomy of Erysiphe berberidis (s. lat.) revisited. 小檗属植物的系统发育与分类研究。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.00
Li Liu, Michael Bradshaw, Uwe Braun, Monika Götz, Seyed Akbar Khodaparast, Tie-Zhi Liu, Timur S Bulgakov, Hamideh Darsaraei, Wolfgang Karl Hofbauer, Yu Li, Shu-Yan Liu

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have been conducted on powdery mildew specimens on different Berberis and Mahonia spp. from Asia, Europe and North America. The present study showed that collections of Erysiphe berberidis exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity of the sexual morph, in contrast to their morphologically, rather uniform, asexual morph. In phylogenetic tree, all sequences cluster in a large strongly supported clade, without any indication and support for further differentiation into cryptic species. There are three morphological types within E. berberidis s. lat. that contain consistent differences. Until future multi-locus analyses will be available, we prefer to treat these 'morphological types' as varieties. These include Erysiphe berberidis var. berberidis, E. berberidis var. asiatica, and E. berberidis var. dimorpha comb. nov. (≡ Microsphaera berberidis var. dimorpha, M. berberidicola, and M. multappendicis). To fix the application of species name E. berberidis, an appropriate epitype was designated, with an ITS sequences.

对来自亚洲、欧洲和北美的小檗属和马洪属的白粉病标本进行了系统发育和形态学分析。本研究表明,与形态上较为统一的无性形态相比,小檗属植物的有性形态具有高度的形态可塑性。在系统发育树中,所有的序列都聚集在一个大的、被强烈支持的支系中,没有任何进一步分化为隐种的迹象和支持。小檗有三种形态类型。包含一致的差异。在未来的多位点分析可用之前,我们倾向于将这些“形态类型”视为品种。其中包括小檗、亚洲小檗和小檗。11月(≡小檗小叶变种、小檗小叶小叶、多枝小叶小叶小叶小叶)。为了确定小檗属植物的种名,指定了一个合适的表型,并进行了ITS序列分析。
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引用次数: 2
Soil propagule banks of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Larix cajanderi above the treeline in the Siberian Arctic. 西伯利亚北极地区林木线以上与北方落叶松相关的外生菌根真菌的土壤繁殖体库。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.002
Yumiko Miyamoto, Trofim C Maximov, Alexander Kononov, Atsuko Sugimoto

Microbial symbionts are essential for plant niche expansion into novel habitats. Dormant propagules of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are thought to play an important role in seedling establishment in invasion fronts; however, propagule bank communities above the treeline are poorly understood in the Eurasian Arctic, where treelines are expected to advance under rapid climate change. To investigate the availability of EM fungal propagules, we collected 100 soil samples from Arctic tundra sites and applied bioassay experiments using Larix cajanderi as bait seedlings. We detected 11 EM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by obtaining entire ITS regions. Suillus clintonianus was the most frequently observed OTU, followed by Cenococcum geophilum and Sebacinales OTU1. Three Suillus and one Rhizopogon species were detected in the bioassay seedlings, indicating the availability of Larix-specific suilloid spores at least 30 km from the contemporary treeline. Spores of S. clintonianus and S. spectabilis remained infective after preservation for 14 mo and heat treatment at 60 °C, implying the durability of the spores. Long-distance dispersal capability and spore resistance to adverse conditions may represent ecological strategies employed by suilloid fungi to quickly associate with emerging seedlings of compatible hosts in treeless habitats.

共生微生物是植物生态位向新生境扩展的必要条件。外生菌根真菌(EM)的休眠繁殖体被认为在入侵前线的幼苗建立中起重要作用;然而,在欧亚北极地区,人们对树木线以上的繁殖库群落知之甚少,在快速的气候变化下,树木线预计会向前推进。为了研究EM真菌繁殖体的有效性,我们在北极冻土带采集了100个土壤样品,并以落叶松(Larix cajanderi)作为诱饵幼苗进行了生物测定实验。通过获取整个ITS区域,我们检测到11个EM真菌操作分类单位(otu)。最常见的OTU是clinillus clintonianus,其次是cenococum geophilum和Sebacinales OTU1。在生物测定的幼苗中检测到3种水蛭和1种根瘤菌,表明落叶松特有的水蛭孢子在离当代林木线至少30公里的地方存在。clintonianus和S. spectabilis孢子在保存14个月和60℃热处理后仍具有感染性,说明孢子具有持久性。远距离传播能力和孢子对不利条件的抗性可能代表了水蛭真菌在无树生境中与相容寄主的新兴幼苗快速结合的生态策略。
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引用次数: 1
Description of a new species of Gerhardtia (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) from Japan based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses and live culture characteristics. 基于形态、分子系统发育分析和活体培养特征的日本野苔属一新种描述。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.09.001
Naoki Endo, Moe Takahashi, Kosuke Nagamune, Kaito Oguchi, Ryo Sugawara, Kozue Sotome, Akira Nakagiri, Nitaro Maekawa

We describe a new species of Gerhardtia from Japan based on basidiomata morphology, live culture characteristics, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Gerhardtia venosolamellata is found on broad-leaf litter, and is characterized by tricholomatoid to marasmioid basidiomata, an off-white to pale salmon-pink pileus surface with faint marginal striae, subdistant lamellae with lateral veins, a tomentose to strigose stipe base with hyphal strands generating arthroconidia measuring 4-7 × 2-3 µm, cyanophilic, elongate-ellipsoid to cylindrical, slightly verrucose or undulate basidiospores measuring 4.5-6 × 2.5-3 µm, and cyanophilic basidia measuring 25-35 × 5-6 µm and containing siderophilous granules. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of the fungal nrDNA indicates that G. venosolamellata is related to G. sinensis and G. highlandensis, but differs from the former with respect to basidiomata color, basidiospore shape, and habitat. An isotype specimen of G. highlandensis exhibited relatively close lamellae without veins, and slightly larger basidiospores (4.5-6.5 × 2.5-3 µm). Cultured mycelia of G. venosolamellata produced arthroconidia measuring 4.5-8.5 × 2.5-3 µm with both schizolytic and rhexolytic secession on MA and PDA media, and chlamydospores occasionally covered with crystals on MA and MYG media.

根据担子瘤形态、活培养特征和分子系统发育分析,描述了一种来自日本的Gerhardtia新种。生生于阔叶枯落物上,其特征为:绒瘤状到麻瘤状担子孢子,灰白色到浅橙红色的菌毛表面有微弱的边缘条纹,近距离的片层有侧脉,被绒毛状到糙伏毛的柄基部,菌丝链产生的节孢子长4-7 × 2-3 μ m,嗜蓝的,长椭圆形到圆柱形,微疣状或波状的担子孢子长4.5-6 × 2.5-3 μ m,嗜蓝担子大小为25-35 × 5-6µm,含有嗜铁颗粒。基于真菌nrDNA内部转录间隔区和大亚基区域的系统发育分析表明,venosolamellata与sinensis和highlandensis有亲缘关系,但在担子孢子颜色、担子孢子形状和栖息地方面与前者有所不同。一个同型标本显示相对紧密的薄片,无脉,担子孢子略大(4.5 ~ 6.5 × 2.5 ~ 3µm)。在MA和PDA培养基上培养的丝菌体产生4.5-8.5 × 2.5-3µm的节孢子,具有分裂分裂和溶裂分裂作用,在MA和MYG培养基上偶尔有衣原体孢子被晶体覆盖。
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引用次数: 1
Two new species of Fulvifomes (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae) on threatened or near threatened tree species in Japan. 日本受威胁或近威胁树种上富尔维门属二新种(担子菌科,膜毛菌科)。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.04.002
Tsutomu Hattori, Yuko Ota, Kozue Sotome

We describe two new species of Fulvifomes based on morphological observations and phylogenetic investigations. Both species were identified as Phellinus rimosus by former mycologists, but both are morphologically distinct from authenticated specimen of P. rimosus. Fulvifomes boninensis is characterized by perennial basidiomata, a sulcate pileus surface becoming rimose, lack of a distinct crust on the pileus surface, subdimitic hyphal system in the context, and ellipsoid basidiospores. This species is endemic to the Bonin Islands, Japan, and is specific to the host Morus boninensis, a red-listed tree species. Fulvifomes imazekii is characterized by perennial basidiomata, sulcate and velutinous pileus surface, lack of a crust on the pileus surface, dimitic hyphal system in the context, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. This species is specific to Berchemiella berchemiaefolia, and is known only from Mt. Yokogura-yama, in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Fulvifomes boninensis and F. imazekii are considered threatened, because of their high host specificity each with a threatened tree species as well as the limited distribution of the former and the extremely small number of "mature individuals" of the latter. The following new combinations were also proposed: Fulvifomes aulaxinus, F. pappianus, and F. tepperi.

在形态学观察和系统发育研究的基础上,我们描述了富尔维门属的两个新种。这两种植物都被以前的真菌学家鉴定为狐毛淋,但在形态上与狐毛淋的鉴定标本不同。富尔维富斯的特征是多年生担子瘤,有槽状的菌毛表面变成了乳脂状,菌毛表面没有明显的外壳,菌丝系统为亚二分体,孢子呈椭球状。这个物种是日本博宁群岛特有的,是宿主桑树特有的,桑树是一种被列入红色名录的树种。imazekii Fulvifomes imazekii的特征是多年生担子瘤,菌毛表面有槽状和绒毛状,菌毛表面无硬壳,菌丝系统双裂,孢子大致呈椭球状。本种为berchemella berchemaefolia所特有,仅产于日本高知县的横库山(Mt. Yokogura-yama)。boninensis和F. imazekii被认为是受威胁的,因为它们的寄主高度特异性都是受威胁的树种,而且前者的分布有限,后者的“成熟个体”数量极少。还提出了以下新组合:黄颡鱼(fulviformes aulaxinus)、黄颡鱼(F. pappianus)和黄颡鱼(F. tepperi)。
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引用次数: 3
Revisiting the isolation source after the first discovery: Myconymphaea yatsukahoi on excrements of Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda). 继首次发现的分离源:石足目动物粪便上的yatsukahomyconymhaea。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.04.003
Yusuke Takashima, Mai Suyama, Kohei Yamamoto, Tomohiko Ri, Kazuhiko Narisawa, Yousuke Degawa

Myconymphaea yatsukahoi is a fungus that has only been isolated once from a forest in the Sugadaira Research Station, Nagano, Japan. Over 20 y have passed since its first discovery but since then it has not been rediscovered. Here, we re-isolated M. yatsukahoi from the type locality and another location, Tambara Moor, Gunma, Japan. Sporophores of this species were detected by direct field observation in Sugadaira and by induction from soil from Tambara. We attempted to narrow down isolation sources of this species by investigating the excrements of Lithobiomorpha and Scolopendromorpha centipedes, which are frequently found in the two locations where the species is distributed. In both locations, we found M. yatsukahoi in the excrements of Lithobiomorpha but not Scolopendromorpha. Myconymphaea yatsukahoi appears to be a coprophilous fungus and the excrements of the predators living in soil may be promising isolation sources for understanding the hidden diversity of kickxellalean fungi.

yatsukahoi myconphhaea是一种真菌,仅从日本长野Sugadaira研究站的森林中分离出一次。自从它第一次被发现以来,已经过去了20多年,但从那时起,它就没有被重新发现过。在这里,我们从类型地点和另一个地点,Tambara Moor, Gunma, Japan重新分离了M. yatsukahoi。采用田间直接观察法和坦巴拉土壤诱导法分别在苏加德拉地区和坦巴拉地区检测到本种的孢子体。我们试图通过调查在该物种分布的两个地点经常发现的石生蜈蚣和蜈蚣的粪便来缩小该物种的分离来源。在这两个地点,我们都在石生morpha粪便中发现了M. yatsukahoi,而在Scolopendromorpha粪便中没有发现。myconymhaea yatsukahoi似乎是一种亲粪真菌,生活在土壤中的捕食者的排泄物可能是了解踢球菌隐藏多样性的有希望的分离来源。
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引用次数: 1
Characterization of fungal microbial diversity in Tibetan sheep, Tibetan gazelle and Tibetan antelope in the Qiangtang region of Tibet. 西藏羌塘地区藏羊、藏瞪羚和藏羚羊真菌微生物多样性特征
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.004
Zhenda Shang, Zhankun Tan, Qinghui Kong, Peng Shang, Honghui Wang, Wangjie Zhaxi, Ciren Zhaxi, Suozhu Liu

Due to the high crude fiber content, straw of various crops is difficult to become a high quality forage resource. The degradation of cellulose in nature mainly depends on the cellulase secreted by microbes, which degrade cellulose into small molecular substances through chemical action, and the microbes that secrete cellulase mainly include some bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, etc. The large and diverse microbial population contained in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in nutrient digestion. At present, many cellulose-degrading strains have been screened and obtained from animal digestive system and feces, such as Bacillus subtilis from the feces of Panda, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from the cecum of goose. In this study, the fungal diversity was analysed in the fresh faeces of Tibetan sheep, Tibetan gazelle and Tibetan antelope in Qiangtang, Tibet. Results showed that the structure and species of gut fungi are different in three animals, which may be related to the different physiological functions among different animals, e.g., Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle have stronger tolerance to rough feeding than Tibetan sheep. This study will lay a foundation for cellulose-degrading fungal development and provides technical support for improving rough feeding tolerance of Tibetan sheep.

由于各种作物秸秆粗纤维含量高,难以成为优质的饲料资源。自然界中纤维素的降解主要依靠微生物分泌的纤维素酶,通过化学作用将纤维素降解成小分子物质,而分泌纤维素酶的微生物主要包括一些细菌、真菌和放线菌等。哺乳动物胃肠道中庞大而多样的微生物种群在营养物质消化中起着重要作用。目前,已经从动物消化系统和粪便中筛选获得了许多纤维素降解菌株,如从熊猫粪便中提取的枯草芽孢杆菌,从鹅盲肠中提取的解淀粉芽孢杆菌。本研究对西藏羌塘地区藏羊、藏羚羊和藏羚羊新鲜粪便中的真菌多样性进行了分析。结果表明,三种动物肠道真菌的结构和种类不同,这可能与不同动物的生理功能不同有关,如藏羚羊和藏羚羊对粗饲料的耐受性强于藏羊。本研究将为纤维素降解真菌的发育奠定基础,为提高藏羊的粗饲耐受性提供技术支持。
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引用次数: 2
Two new species of Sistotrema s.l. (Cantharellales) from Japan with descriptions of their ectomycorrhizae. 标题日本鹿角菌属二新种及其外生菌根描述。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.02.003
Ryo Sugawara, Nana Shirasuka, Tatsuki Yamamoto, Kosuke Nagamune, Kaito Oguchi, Nitaro Maekawa, Kozue Sotome, Akira Nakagiri, Shuji Ushijima, Naoki Endo

We describe two new species of resupinate Sistotrema sensu lato (Cantharellales) collected in Japan: S. flavorhizomorphae and S. chloroporum. Both species have urniform basidia with more than four sterigmata and monomitic hyphal system, oil-rich hyphae in subiculum, which is typical for this genus. Sistotrema chloroporum is characterized by poroid hymenophore partly yellowish-green, basidia 4-6-spored, medium-sized basidiospores (4.5-6.5 × 3.5-6 µm), and broadleaf forest habitat. Sistotrema flavorhizomorphae is characterized by hydnoid-irpicoid hymenophore, bright yellowish rhizomorphs, basidia 6-8-spored, small basidiospores (3-3.5 × 2.5-3 µm), and pine forest habitat. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the fungal nrDNA ITS and LSU and the rpb2 sequences supported that both species were distinct and grouped with other ectomycorrhizal Sistotrema and Hydnum species, but their generic boundary was unclear. Mycorrhizae underneath basidiomes of both species were identified and described via molecular techniques. Mycorrhizae of S. chloroporum have similar characteristics to those of other Sistotrema s.l. and Hydnum species, i.e., S. confluens and H. repandum, whereas S. flavorhizomorphae has a distinct morpho-anatomy, for example, a distinct pseudoparenchymatous mantle. Comprehensive characterizations of basidiomes and mycorrhizae improve the taxonomic analysis of mycorrhizal species of Sistotrema s.l.

本文报道了在日本发现的2个新种:S. flavorhizomorphae和S. chloroporum。两种均有均匀的担子,有4个以上的孢子和单菌丝系统,下托富含油的菌丝,这是本属的典型特征。绿孔Sistotrema chloroporum的特征是多孔膜孢子部分黄绿色,担子孢子4-6孢子,中型担子孢子(4.5-6.5 × 3.5-6µm),阔叶林生境。其特征是:膜包膜呈水螅状,根状花序淡黄色,担子孢子6-8孢子,担子孢子小(3-3.5 × 2.5-3µm),生长于松林。从真菌nrDNA ITS和LSU以及rpb2序列推断的系统发育树支持这两个物种是不同的,并与其他外生菌根Sistotrema和hyum物种归为一类,但它们的属界不明确。利用分子技术对两种植物担子壳下的菌根进行了鉴定和描述。S. chloroporum的菌根与其他Sistotrema s.l.和Hydnum物种(即S. confluens和H. repandum)的菌根具有相似的特征,而S. flavorhizomorphae具有独特的形态解剖结构,例如,独特的假实质膜。担子子和菌根的综合鉴定有助于提高对Sistotrema s.l菌根种类的分类分析。
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引用次数: 2
Puccinia caricis-smilacis, a new caricicolous rust fungus producing spermogonial and aecial stages on Smilax china in Japan. 一种在日本菝葜上产生精子期和特殊期的新型讽刺锈菌。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.08.002
Taiga Kasuya, Kentaro Hosaka, Makoto Kakishima

Puccinia caricis-smilacis, a new species of caricicolous rust fungus was described based on morphological characteristics and nuclear rDNA sequences from Japan. The heteroecious life cycle of P. caricis-smilacis was elucidated via field observations, inoculation experiments and molecular analyses. This rust fungus produces uredinial and telial stages on Carex fibrillosa, and spermogonial and aecial stages on Smilax china.

根据形态特征和核rDNA序列,对一种日本锈菌进行了描述。通过田间观察、接种试验和分子分析等方法,初步阐明了该菌的杂种生活史。该锈菌在毛苔上产生尿道和端部阶段,在菝葜上产生精原和端部阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Physiological characteristics of pure cultures of a white-colored truffle Tuber japonicum. 白色块菌纯培养物的生理特性研究。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.01.002
Shota Nakano, Akihiko Kinoshita, Keisuke Obase, Noritaka Nakamura, Hitomi Furusawa, Kyotaro Noguchi, Takashi Yamanaka

A white-colored truffle Tuber japonicum, indigenous to Japan, is an ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus. To clarify the physiological characteristics of this fungus, we investigated the influence of culture medium, temperature, and sources of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) on the growth of five strains. Tuber japonicum strains grew better on malt extract and modified Melin-Norkrans medium, and showed peak growth at 20 °C or 25 °C. This fungus utilized inorganic (NH4 + and NO3 -) and organic N sources (casamino acids, glutamine, peptone, urea, and yeast extract). Additionally, this fungus utilized various C sources, such as monosaccharide (arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose, and mannose), disaccharide (maltose, sucrose, and trehalose), polysaccharide (dextrin and soluble starch), and sugar alcohol (mannitol). However, nutrient sources that promote growth and their effects on growth promotion widely varied among strains. This can result from the strain difference in enzyme activities involved in the assimilation and metabolism of these sources.

日本块菌原产于日本,是一种子囊外菌根真菌。为了阐明该真菌的生理特性,我们研究了培养基、温度、氮碳来源对5株真菌生长的影响。块茎菌株在麦芽提取物和改良Melin-Norkrans培养基上生长较好,在20°C和25°C时生长达到峰值。这种真菌利用无机氮(NH4 +和NO3 -)和有机氮(酪胺酸、谷氨酰胺、蛋白胨、尿素和酵母提取物)。此外,这种真菌利用各种C来源,如单糖(阿拉伯糖、果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖)、双糖(麦芽糖、蔗糖和海藻糖)、多糖(糊精和可溶性淀粉)和糖醇(甘露醇)。然而,促进生长的营养来源及其对促进生长的影响在菌株之间差异很大。这可能是由于参与这些来源的同化和代谢的酶活性的菌株差异造成的。
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引用次数: 1
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