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Revisiting the isolation source after the first discovery: Myconymphaea yatsukahoi on excrements of Lithobiomorpha (Chilopoda). 继首次发现的分离源:石足目动物粪便上的yatsukahomyconymhaea。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.04.003
Yusuke Takashima, Mai Suyama, Kohei Yamamoto, Tomohiko Ri, Kazuhiko Narisawa, Yousuke Degawa

Myconymphaea yatsukahoi is a fungus that has only been isolated once from a forest in the Sugadaira Research Station, Nagano, Japan. Over 20 y have passed since its first discovery but since then it has not been rediscovered. Here, we re-isolated M. yatsukahoi from the type locality and another location, Tambara Moor, Gunma, Japan. Sporophores of this species were detected by direct field observation in Sugadaira and by induction from soil from Tambara. We attempted to narrow down isolation sources of this species by investigating the excrements of Lithobiomorpha and Scolopendromorpha centipedes, which are frequently found in the two locations where the species is distributed. In both locations, we found M. yatsukahoi in the excrements of Lithobiomorpha but not Scolopendromorpha. Myconymphaea yatsukahoi appears to be a coprophilous fungus and the excrements of the predators living in soil may be promising isolation sources for understanding the hidden diversity of kickxellalean fungi.

yatsukahoi myconphhaea是一种真菌,仅从日本长野Sugadaira研究站的森林中分离出一次。自从它第一次被发现以来,已经过去了20多年,但从那时起,它就没有被重新发现过。在这里,我们从类型地点和另一个地点,Tambara Moor, Gunma, Japan重新分离了M. yatsukahoi。采用田间直接观察法和坦巴拉土壤诱导法分别在苏加德拉地区和坦巴拉地区检测到本种的孢子体。我们试图通过调查在该物种分布的两个地点经常发现的石生蜈蚣和蜈蚣的粪便来缩小该物种的分离来源。在这两个地点,我们都在石生morpha粪便中发现了M. yatsukahoi,而在Scolopendromorpha粪便中没有发现。myconymhaea yatsukahoi似乎是一种亲粪真菌,生活在土壤中的捕食者的排泄物可能是了解踢球菌隐藏多样性的有希望的分离来源。
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引用次数: 1
Characterization of fungal microbial diversity in Tibetan sheep, Tibetan gazelle and Tibetan antelope in the Qiangtang region of Tibet. 西藏羌塘地区藏羊、藏瞪羚和藏羚羊真菌微生物多样性特征
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.004
Zhenda Shang, Zhankun Tan, Qinghui Kong, Peng Shang, Honghui Wang, Wangjie Zhaxi, Ciren Zhaxi, Suozhu Liu

Due to the high crude fiber content, straw of various crops is difficult to become a high quality forage resource. The degradation of cellulose in nature mainly depends on the cellulase secreted by microbes, which degrade cellulose into small molecular substances through chemical action, and the microbes that secrete cellulase mainly include some bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, etc. The large and diverse microbial population contained in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in nutrient digestion. At present, many cellulose-degrading strains have been screened and obtained from animal digestive system and feces, such as Bacillus subtilis from the feces of Panda, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from the cecum of goose. In this study, the fungal diversity was analysed in the fresh faeces of Tibetan sheep, Tibetan gazelle and Tibetan antelope in Qiangtang, Tibet. Results showed that the structure and species of gut fungi are different in three animals, which may be related to the different physiological functions among different animals, e.g., Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle have stronger tolerance to rough feeding than Tibetan sheep. This study will lay a foundation for cellulose-degrading fungal development and provides technical support for improving rough feeding tolerance of Tibetan sheep.

由于各种作物秸秆粗纤维含量高,难以成为优质的饲料资源。自然界中纤维素的降解主要依靠微生物分泌的纤维素酶,通过化学作用将纤维素降解成小分子物质,而分泌纤维素酶的微生物主要包括一些细菌、真菌和放线菌等。哺乳动物胃肠道中庞大而多样的微生物种群在营养物质消化中起着重要作用。目前,已经从动物消化系统和粪便中筛选获得了许多纤维素降解菌株,如从熊猫粪便中提取的枯草芽孢杆菌,从鹅盲肠中提取的解淀粉芽孢杆菌。本研究对西藏羌塘地区藏羊、藏羚羊和藏羚羊新鲜粪便中的真菌多样性进行了分析。结果表明,三种动物肠道真菌的结构和种类不同,这可能与不同动物的生理功能不同有关,如藏羚羊和藏羚羊对粗饲料的耐受性强于藏羊。本研究将为纤维素降解真菌的发育奠定基础,为提高藏羊的粗饲耐受性提供技术支持。
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引用次数: 2
Puccinia caricis-smilacis, a new caricicolous rust fungus producing spermogonial and aecial stages on Smilax china in Japan. 一种在日本菝葜上产生精子期和特殊期的新型讽刺锈菌。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.08.002
Taiga Kasuya, Kentaro Hosaka, Makoto Kakishima

Puccinia caricis-smilacis, a new species of caricicolous rust fungus was described based on morphological characteristics and nuclear rDNA sequences from Japan. The heteroecious life cycle of P. caricis-smilacis was elucidated via field observations, inoculation experiments and molecular analyses. This rust fungus produces uredinial and telial stages on Carex fibrillosa, and spermogonial and aecial stages on Smilax china.

根据形态特征和核rDNA序列,对一种日本锈菌进行了描述。通过田间观察、接种试验和分子分析等方法,初步阐明了该菌的杂种生活史。该锈菌在毛苔上产生尿道和端部阶段,在菝葜上产生精原和端部阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Physiological characteristics of pure cultures of a white-colored truffle Tuber japonicum. 白色块菌纯培养物的生理特性研究。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.01.002
Shota Nakano, Akihiko Kinoshita, Keisuke Obase, Noritaka Nakamura, Hitomi Furusawa, Kyotaro Noguchi, Takashi Yamanaka

A white-colored truffle Tuber japonicum, indigenous to Japan, is an ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus. To clarify the physiological characteristics of this fungus, we investigated the influence of culture medium, temperature, and sources of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) on the growth of five strains. Tuber japonicum strains grew better on malt extract and modified Melin-Norkrans medium, and showed peak growth at 20 °C or 25 °C. This fungus utilized inorganic (NH4 + and NO3 -) and organic N sources (casamino acids, glutamine, peptone, urea, and yeast extract). Additionally, this fungus utilized various C sources, such as monosaccharide (arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose, and mannose), disaccharide (maltose, sucrose, and trehalose), polysaccharide (dextrin and soluble starch), and sugar alcohol (mannitol). However, nutrient sources that promote growth and their effects on growth promotion widely varied among strains. This can result from the strain difference in enzyme activities involved in the assimilation and metabolism of these sources.

日本块菌原产于日本,是一种子囊外菌根真菌。为了阐明该真菌的生理特性,我们研究了培养基、温度、氮碳来源对5株真菌生长的影响。块茎菌株在麦芽提取物和改良Melin-Norkrans培养基上生长较好,在20°C和25°C时生长达到峰值。这种真菌利用无机氮(NH4 +和NO3 -)和有机氮(酪胺酸、谷氨酰胺、蛋白胨、尿素和酵母提取物)。此外,这种真菌利用各种C来源,如单糖(阿拉伯糖、果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖)、双糖(麦芽糖、蔗糖和海藻糖)、多糖(糊精和可溶性淀粉)和糖醇(甘露醇)。然而,促进生长的营养来源及其对促进生长的影响在菌株之间差异很大。这可能是由于参与这些来源的同化和代谢的酶活性的菌株差异造成的。
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引用次数: 1
Mushroom poisoning in Thailand between 2003 and 2017. 2003年至2017年泰国蘑菇中毒事件。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.08.003
Sayanh Somrithipol, Umpawa Pinruan, Sujinda Sommai, Phongsawat Khamsuntorn, Janet Jennifer Luangsa-Ard

The frequent occurrence of mushroom poisoning cases in the wet season in Thailand has long been recognized but has never been quantitatively analyzed. This study aims to analyze mushroom poisoning cases in Thailand between 2003 and 2017 and focused on their association with the rainfall. The results revealed 22,571 cases and 106 deaths in this period. Cases were higher for females than males, adults than children, and agriculturists than people in other occupations. Cases were higher in the northeastern and northern regions than in the central, south, and east regions. There are strong effects of seasonality on mushroom poisoning cases. Over the 15-y period, 17,337 cases occurred in the wet season (May-Sep) compared with 5,234 cases in the dry season (Oct-Apr). The number of monthly poisoning cases were high in men, mature adults, agriculturists, people living in the rural areas and people living in the Northeastern and Northern provinces. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was shown between the number of monthly poisoning cases and the amount of monthly rainfall.

泰国雨季蘑菇中毒事件的频繁发生早已为人们所认识,但从未进行过定量分析。这项研究旨在分析2003年至2017年期间泰国的蘑菇中毒案件,并重点研究它们与降雨的关系。结果显示,在此期间有22571例病例和106例死亡。女性的发病率高于男性,成年人高于儿童,农民高于其他职业的人。东北部和北部地区的病例高于中部、南部和东部地区。季节性对蘑菇中毒案件有很强的影响。15 a间,雨季(5- 9月)发病17337例,旱季(10 - 4月)发病5234例。每月中毒病例数在男性、成年人、农学家、农村居民以及东北和北部省份的居民中较高。月中毒病例数与月降雨量呈显著正相关。
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引用次数: 1
Novel acid trehalase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 37 from Pleurotus sp.: cloning, expression and characterization. 侧耳菌糖苷水解酶37家族新型酸性海藻糖酶的克隆、表达与特性研究。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.09.001
Gaku Tsutsumi, Chikako Kuroki, Kengo Kamei, Mizuho Kusuda, Masami Nakazawa, Tatsuji Sakamoto, Mariko Ishikawa, Shinji Harada, Hitoshi Kobayashi, Kenji Ouchi, Satoshi Inatomi, Minoru Sakaguchi, Takeo Iwamoto, Mitsuhiro Ueda

The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Pleurotus sp. 90 kDa protein was in good agreement with the corresponding sequence of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 37 protein (trehalase) from P. ostreatus PC 15 v2.0. The length of the Pleurotus sp. trehalase gene was 2247 bp, encoding a protein of 749 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 81.2 kDa. The molecular mass of the recombinant enzyme was estimated to be about 117 kDa by SDS-PAGE. We found that the recombinant enzyme comprised an N-glycosylated sugar chain and that its optimum pH and temperature were 4.5 and 40 ºC, respectively. Moreover, this enzyme exhibited high activity against trehalose exclusively. We found that the enzyme is novel acid trehalase belonging to GH family 37.

Pleurotus sp. 90 kDa蛋白n端氨基酸序列与P. ostreatus PC 15 v2.0中糖苷水解酶(GH)家族37蛋白(海藻酶)的相应序列一致。该基因全长2247 bp,编码749个氨基酸,预测分子量为81.2 kDa。经SDS-PAGE分析,重组酶的分子量约为117 kDa。我们发现重组酶由一个n -糖基化糖链组成,其最适pH和温度分别为4.5和40℃。此外,该酶对海藻糖具有较高的特异性活性。我们发现该酶是一种新型的酸性海藻化酶,属于GH家族37。
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引用次数: 0
Crepidotus yuanchui sp. nov. and C. caspari found in subalpine areas of China. 中国亚高山地区发现的元川Crepidotus sp. 11 .和卡斯帕利Crepidotus caspari。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.10.004
Qin Na, Zewei Liu, Hui Zeng, Xianhao Cheng, Yupeng Ge

Only a few Crepidotus species have been previously reported from subalpine areas of China. Members of Crepidotus possessing an orange-yellow pileus are rare in China as well. Here, we describe Crepidotus yuanchui, a new species characterized by an orange-yellow pileus, ovoid basidiospores, and abundant cylindric to narrowly utriform cheilocystidia. This species is widely distributed above 2000 m asl in Yunnan Province. In addition, C. caspari, which is a distinct species based on its combined characteristics of smooth basidiospores and clamp connections, is newly recorded and detailed from subalpine China. The results of phylogenetic analyses of ITS + nLSU sequences based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods support the recognition of these two species. Photographs, descriptions, line drawings, and comparisons of related species are provided.

在中国亚高山地区只报道过少数几种Crepidotus。拥有橙黄色毛的Crepidotus成员在中国也很罕见。在此,我们描述了一个以橙黄色的毛、卵球形担子孢子和丰富的圆筒状至窄三分形的唇囊为特征的新种——原水Crepidotus yuanchui。本种广泛分布于云南省海拔2000米以上。此外,在中国亚高山地区新记录并详细记录了以光滑担子孢子和夹紧连接为特征的独特种caspari。基于极大似然和贝叶斯推理方法的ITS + nLSU序列系统发育分析结果支持这两个物种的识别。提供了相关物种的照片、描述、线条图和比较。
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引用次数: 4
Tuber torulosum: A new truffle species decorated with moniliform cystidia from Japan. 圆块菌:日本块菌一新种。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.10.005
Akihiko Kinoshita, Kohei Yamamoto, Toshiyuki Tainaka, Toshifumi Handa, Akiyoshi Yamada

We describe a new truffle species, Tuber torulosum, based on molecular and morphological analyses. This species forms a single globose ascospore per ascus, pale yellow in color, as do Japanese T. flavidosporum and Chinese T. turmericum and T. xanthomonosporum in the Japonicum clade of the Tuber phylogeny. However, it can be distinguished from them microscopically by its whitish tomentose mycelium that partially covers the ascoma surface and the mesh size of its spore ornamentation. Cystidia are moniliform and yellowish to reddish. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer and partial large subunit regions of ribosomal DNA also supports T. torulosum as a distinct species. On the basis of our results, we provide a key to species in the Japonicum clade.

基于分子和形态分析,我们描述了一种新的松露物种——Tuber torulosum。本种每个子囊形成一个球状的子囊孢子,颜色为淡黄色,与块茎系统发育的日本分支中的日本T. flavidosporum和中国T. turmericum和T. xanthomonosporum一样。然而,在显微镜下,它的白色绒毛菌丝体部分覆盖在子囊表面,孢子纹饰的网孔大小可以与它们区分开来。囊体呈念珠状,淡黄至淡红。利用核糖体DNA的内部转录间隔区和部分大亚基区域进行的分子系统发育分析也支持T. torulosum是一个独特的物种。根据我们的研究结果,我们提供了一个日本科物种分类的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Two new species of Steccherinum (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern China based on morphology and DNA sequence data. 基于形态和DNA序列数据的中国南方Steccherinum (Polyporales,担子菌科)二新种。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.02.002
Jun-Hong Dong, Ya-Xing Wu, Chang-Lin Zhao

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Steccherinum hirsutum and S. yunnanense spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Sequences of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit region of nuculear ribosomal RNA gene of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. Steccherinum hirsutum is characterized by an annual growth habit, stipitate basidiocarps with scarlet to red, odontioid hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae negative in Melzer's reaction, and acyanophilous basidiospores measuring 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.5 µm. Steccherinum yunnanense is distinguished by resupinate basidiomata with odontioid hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, strongly encrusted cystidia and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (3.5-4.5 × 2-3.5 µm). The phylogenetic analyses comfirmed that two new species nest in Steccherinum, in the residual polyporoid clade.

基于形态学特征和分子证据的结合,提出了两种新的木栖真菌种——毛毛Steccherinum hirsutum和云南S. yunnanense spp. nov.。生成研究样本核糖体RNA基因内部转录间隔区和大亚基区序列,采用最大似然、最大简约和贝叶斯推理方法进行系统发育分析。hirsutum的特点是一年生生长,具柄的担子果呈深红色至红色,齿状膜面,二聚体菌丝系统,Melzer反应为阴性,夹紧生菌丝,无芽孢孢子大小为2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.5µm。云南steccherium nannanense的特征是:具有齿状膜表面的复生担子孢子,具有夹紧的生菌丝的二聚体菌丝系统,强包覆的囊胞和椭圆形,透明,薄壁,光滑的担子孢子(3.5-4.5 × 2-3.5µm)。系统发育分析证实,在残余的多孢子枝中,有两个新种在Steccherinum中筑巢。
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引用次数: 2
Lamproderma vietnamense: a new species of myxomycetes with reticulate spores from Phia Oắc - Phia Đén National Park (northern Vietnam) supported by molecular phylogeny and morphological analysis. 越南Lamproderma Lamproderma viet ense:越南北部菲亚Oắc -菲亚Đén国家公园一种具有网状孢子的黏菌新种——分子系统发育和形态分析支持。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.003
Yuri K Novozhilov, Ilya S Prikhodko, Nadezhda A Fedorova, Oleg N Shchepin, Vladimir I Gmoshinskiy, Martin Schnittler

A new species of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes), described herein as L. vietnamense, was recovered in the field on ground litter from mountain subtropical forests (Phia Oắc - Phia Đén National Park) of northern Vietnam. Morphological details were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The species is characterized by a distinct and unique combination of morphological features, including a bright blue, shiny and very thin membranous peridium, a small dome-shaped columella, rigid, straight, branched, brown capillitial threads which gradually become pale at the periphery and finally colorless at the tips and small-meshed, banded-reticulate spores with 9-12 meshes across the spore diameter and solid walls without perforations 0.3-0.5 µm high. The stability of the taxonomic characters of L. vietnamense is supported by two well-developed collections found in 2018 and 2019. Partial sequences of three molecular markers (SSU, EF1α, COI) for both collections are identical. A two-gene phylogeny of the first two markers displays the two known accessions as a well-separated entity and indicates affinity of the new species with L. columbinum (the type taxon of the genus), L. violaceum, and several nivicolous Lamproderma species.

在越南北部山地亚热带森林(菲亚Oắc -菲亚Đén国家公园)的地面凋落物上发现了一种新的板皮菌(黏菌属),称为越南乳杆菌。用光镜和扫描电镜观察形态学细节。本种具有明显而独特的形态特征组合,包括亮蓝色、有光泽且非常薄的膜质被膜,小圆顶状的小柱头,坚硬、直、分枝、棕色的柱头线,在外围逐渐变淡,最终在尖端无色,孢子直径为9-12孔,实壁无孔,高0.3-0.5µm。2018年和2019年发现的两个发育良好的品种支持了越南乳杆菌分类特征的稳定性。三个分子标记(SSU, EF1α, COI)的部分序列相同。前两个标记的双基因系统发育表明,这两个已知的物种是一个分离良好的实体,并表明新物种与L. columbinum(该属的模式分类群)、L. violaceum和几个nivicolous Lamproderma物种有亲缘关系。
{"title":"<i>Lamproderma vietnamense</i>: a new species of myxomycetes with reticulate spores from Phia Oắc - Phia Đén National Park (northern Vietnam) supported by molecular phylogeny and morphological analysis.","authors":"Yuri K Novozhilov,&nbsp;Ilya S Prikhodko,&nbsp;Nadezhda A Fedorova,&nbsp;Oleg N Shchepin,&nbsp;Vladimir I Gmoshinskiy,&nbsp;Martin Schnittler","doi":"10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new species of <i>Lamproderma</i> (<i>Myxomycetes</i>), described herein as <i>L. vietnamense</i>, was recovered in the field on ground litter from mountain subtropical forests (Phia Oắc - Phia Đén National Park) of northern Vietnam. Morphological details were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The species is characterized by a distinct and unique combination of morphological features, including a bright blue, shiny and very thin membranous peridium, a small dome-shaped columella, rigid, straight, branched, brown capillitial threads which gradually become pale at the periphery and finally colorless at the tips and small-meshed, banded-reticulate spores with 9-12 meshes across the spore diameter and solid walls without perforations 0.3-0.5 µm high. The stability of the taxonomic characters of <i>L. vietnamense</i> is supported by two well-developed collections found in 2018 and 2019. Partial sequences of three molecular markers (SSU, EF1α, COI) for both collections are identical. A two-gene phylogeny of the first two markers displays the two known accessions as a well-separated entity and indicates affinity of the new species with <i>L. columbinum</i> (the type taxon of the genus), <i>L. violaceum</i>, and several nivicolous <i>Lamproderma</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18780,"journal":{"name":"Mycoscience","volume":"63 4","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/52/a7/MYC-63-149.PMC10043568.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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