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Morphological characteristics of ectomycorrhizas formed by in vitro synthesis between conifer seedlings and Tuber mycelial strains of the Puberulum clade isolated in Japan. 在日本分离的针叶树苗和块根菌丝体菌株之间通过离体合成形成的外生菌根的形态特征。
IF 1.5 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-20 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.11.002
Keisuke Obase

Seedlings of Pinus densiflora and Abies sachalinensis were inoculated with Tuber mycelial strains of the Puberulum clade in vitro to examine the morphological characteristics of their ectomycorrhizas. Axenically germinated seedlings were inoculated with the mycelia of five taxa from the Puberulum clade and grown in glass jars for 4 mo in an illuminated incubator. The seedlings were successfully colonized by the inoculated Tuber strains, as confirmed by the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer barcoding of the synthesized ectomycorrhizas. The ectomycorrhizas were characterized by a pale yellow to brown color, short needle-shaped cystidia, and net-like hyphal arrangement, and epidermoid cells on the mantle surface; notably, these features are similar to the ectomycorrhizas of various Puberulum clade members. As the ectomycorrhizas of different Tuber species are indistinguishable by morphological characters, molecular techniques are necessary to identify ectomycorrhizas formed by Tuber species within the Puberulum clade.

在体外将松树(Pinus densiflora)和沙棘(Abies sachalinensis)的幼苗接种到 Puberulum 支系的块菌菌丝株上,以研究其外生菌根的形态特征。将轴向发芽的幼苗接种到 Puberulum 支系五个类群的菌丝体中,并在玻璃罐中的光照培养箱中培养 4 个月。通过对合成的外生菌根进行核糖体内部转录间隔条形编码,证实接种的块根菌株成功地在幼苗上定植。这些外生菌根的特征是淡黄色至棕色、短针状子囊菌、网状菌丝排列以及菌盖表面的表皮细胞;值得注意的是,这些特征与 Puberulum 各支系成员的外生菌根相似。由于不同块根菌种的外生菌根在形态特征上无法区分,因此有必要采用分子技术来鉴定块根菌支系中块根菌种形成的外生菌根。
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引用次数: 0
Euantennaria pleioblasti sp. nov. (Euantennariaceae) and Metacapnodium cf. quinqueseptatum (Metacapnodiaceae), two mixed sooty moulds in subicula on Pleioblastus sp. in Taiwan. 真天线菌(Euantennaria pleinoblasti sp.nov.)(真天线菌科)和Metacapnodium cf.quingesepatum(Metacapnodiaceae),台湾Pleioblastus sp.的两种混合煤烟霉菌。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.01.003
Junta Sugiyama, Tsuyoshi Hosoya

Black subicula, comprising a mixture of two sooty moulds of Euantennariaceae and Metacapnodiaceae, on Pleioblastus were collected in Batongguan, alt. ca. 2800 m, Nantou County, Taiwan in 1984. The former sooty mould is described and illustrated as Euantennaria pleioblasti sp. nov., an asexually typified species of the genus, as currently circumscribed with the application of the single name nomenclature for pleomorphic fungi. It is characterized by cylindrical, finely to coarsely roughened hyphae and black synnemata bearing massive fusiform, straight, mostly 11-14-septate phragmoconidia in a subglobose to obovoid head; its reliable sexual morph is obscure. The latter was identified as Metacapnodium cf. quinqueseptatum. It features the capnobotrys- and capnophialophora-like asexual morphs, in addition to the sexual morph with 5-7-septate ascospores. These sooty mould taxa are newly added to the mycobiota of Taiwan.

1984年在台湾南投县八通关约2800 m处的百生菇上发现了一种由原藤科和原藤科两种黑霉混合而成的黑斑菌。前黑霉被描述和说明为Euantennaria pleioblasti sp. nov.,这是该属的一种无性典型种,目前被限制为多形性真菌的单一名称命名法。它的特征是圆柱形的,细到粗粗的菌丝和黑色的联胞,在近球形到倒卵形的头状花序中有大量梭形的,直的,大多数11-14隔的分生孢子;它可靠的性形态是模糊的。后者被鉴定为Metacapnodium cf. quinqueseptatum。除了有性形态的5-7分隔的子囊孢子外,它还具有类似capnobotrys和capnophialophhora的无性形态。这些烟霉分类群是台湾新增加的真菌群。
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引用次数: 0
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Exobasidium pentasporium causing witches' broom of Rhododendron species. 杜鹃花中引起女巫帚病的五孢子外胚的分类与系统发育。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.002
Saho Shibata, Yuuri Hirooka

Exobasidium pentasporium was first found on Rhododendron kaempferi in Nikko, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan and described only with a brief mentions and illustration of a specimen in 1896. This fungus causes a witches' broom disease of Rhododendron species. To stabilize the concept of this species, the specimen in the protologue was located, carefully examined, and illustrated. In addition, the name was epitypified based on a newly collected topotype specimen. A phylogenetic tree using ITS and LSU sequences showed that our isolates of E. pentasporium grouped with other Exobasidium species on Rhododendron forming a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support and were unrelated to E. nobeyamense, another causal agent of witches' broom disease on Rhododendron species.

Exobasidium pentasporium最早发现于1896年日本枥木县日光市的山杜鹃花(kaempferi)上,仅对标本进行了简要的描述和说明。这种真菌引起杜鹃花的女巫帚病。为了稳定这一物种的概念,在原始目录中的标本被定位,仔细检查,并说明。此外,该名称是基于一个新收集的地形标本的典型。利用ITS和LSU序列进行的系统发育树分析表明,该菌株与其他杜鹃花上的Exobasidium属形成一个单系分支,具有较强的统计学支持,与杜鹃花上的另一个致病因子E. nobeyamense无关。
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引用次数: 0
Micropsalliota pileocystidiata (Agaricaceae), a new species from Maharashtra, India. 文章标题印度马哈拉施特拉邦一新种——毛囊小石蜡藻(木耳科)。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.001
Prashant B Patil, Sharda Vaidya, Satish Maurya, Nitinkumar P Patil

A new species of Micropsalliota is described from tropical region of Maharashtra, India. The species is recognized on the basis of morphological details and its phylogenetic placement is determined by using of nrITS and nrLSU sequence data analyses. Micropsalliota pileocystidiata is characterised by its robust basidiomes covered by reddish brown appressed fibrillose squamules, ellipsoid to amygdaliform basidiospores, pyriform pileocystidia and clavate, utriform to broadly utriform or sometimes ellipsoid cheilo- and pleurocystidia.

描述了印度马哈拉施特拉邦热带地区的一新种。利用nrITS和nrLSU序列数据分析确定了该物种的系统发育位置。小柱头孢子的特征是其结实的担子孢子被红褐色附着的纤维状鳞片覆盖,椭球状到杏仁状的担子孢子,梨形和棒状的毛囊孢子,三形到宽三形或有时椭球状的毛囊孢子和胸膜囊孢子。
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引用次数: 0
Description of a new species of Gerhardtia (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) from Japan based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses and live culture characteristics. 基于形态、分子系统发育分析和活体培养特征的日本野苔属一新种描述。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.09.001
Naoki Endo, Moe Takahashi, Kosuke Nagamune, Kaito Oguchi, Ryo Sugawara, Kozue Sotome, Akira Nakagiri, Nitaro Maekawa

We describe a new species of Gerhardtia from Japan based on basidiomata morphology, live culture characteristics, and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Gerhardtia venosolamellata is found on broad-leaf litter, and is characterized by tricholomatoid to marasmioid basidiomata, an off-white to pale salmon-pink pileus surface with faint marginal striae, subdistant lamellae with lateral veins, a tomentose to strigose stipe base with hyphal strands generating arthroconidia measuring 4-7 × 2-3 µm, cyanophilic, elongate-ellipsoid to cylindrical, slightly verrucose or undulate basidiospores measuring 4.5-6 × 2.5-3 µm, and cyanophilic basidia measuring 25-35 × 5-6 µm and containing siderophilous granules. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of the fungal nrDNA indicates that G. venosolamellata is related to G. sinensis and G. highlandensis, but differs from the former with respect to basidiomata color, basidiospore shape, and habitat. An isotype specimen of G. highlandensis exhibited relatively close lamellae without veins, and slightly larger basidiospores (4.5-6.5 × 2.5-3 µm). Cultured mycelia of G. venosolamellata produced arthroconidia measuring 4.5-8.5 × 2.5-3 µm with both schizolytic and rhexolytic secession on MA and PDA media, and chlamydospores occasionally covered with crystals on MA and MYG media.

根据担子瘤形态、活培养特征和分子系统发育分析,描述了一种来自日本的Gerhardtia新种。生生于阔叶枯落物上,其特征为:绒瘤状到麻瘤状担子孢子,灰白色到浅橙红色的菌毛表面有微弱的边缘条纹,近距离的片层有侧脉,被绒毛状到糙伏毛的柄基部,菌丝链产生的节孢子长4-7 × 2-3 μ m,嗜蓝的,长椭圆形到圆柱形,微疣状或波状的担子孢子长4.5-6 × 2.5-3 μ m,嗜蓝担子大小为25-35 × 5-6µm,含有嗜铁颗粒。基于真菌nrDNA内部转录间隔区和大亚基区域的系统发育分析表明,venosolamellata与sinensis和highlandensis有亲缘关系,但在担子孢子颜色、担子孢子形状和栖息地方面与前者有所不同。一个同型标本显示相对紧密的薄片,无脉,担子孢子略大(4.5 ~ 6.5 × 2.5 ~ 3µm)。在MA和PDA培养基上培养的丝菌体产生4.5-8.5 × 2.5-3µm的节孢子,具有分裂分裂和溶裂分裂作用,在MA和MYG培养基上偶尔有衣原体孢子被晶体覆盖。
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引用次数: 1
Taxonomic revision of the Typhula ishikariensis complex. 石氏伤寒复合体的分类学修订。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.03.003
Tamotsu Hoshino, Oleg B Tkachenko, Motoaki Tojo, Anne Marte Tronsmo, Taiga Kasuya, Naoyuki Matsumoto

Typhula ishikariensis and the related fungi were separated into three biological species by morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as DNA sequences and mating reactions. We propose that the T. ishikariensis complex should be divided into three species (T. ishikariensis, T. canadensis and T. hyperborea) and two varieties (T. ishikariensis var. ishikariensis and var. idahoensis). Typhula hyperborea was reappraised to be recognized also as a separate species of the T. ishikariensis complex.

根据形态和生理特征、DNA序列和交配反应,将石kariensis及其相关真菌划分为3个生物种。我们认为石kariensis复合体可分为3个种(T. ishikariensis、T. canadensis和T. hyperborea)和2个变种(T. ishikariensis var. ishikariensis和var. idahoensis)。对大北伤寒进行了重新评价,认为它也是石kariensis复合体的一个独立种。
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引用次数: 3
Phylogeny and taxonomy of Erysiphe berberidis (s. lat.) revisited. 小檗属植物的系统发育与分类研究。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.07.00
Li Liu, Michael Bradshaw, Uwe Braun, Monika Götz, Seyed Akbar Khodaparast, Tie-Zhi Liu, Timur S Bulgakov, Hamideh Darsaraei, Wolfgang Karl Hofbauer, Yu Li, Shu-Yan Liu

Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have been conducted on powdery mildew specimens on different Berberis and Mahonia spp. from Asia, Europe and North America. The present study showed that collections of Erysiphe berberidis exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity of the sexual morph, in contrast to their morphologically, rather uniform, asexual morph. In phylogenetic tree, all sequences cluster in a large strongly supported clade, without any indication and support for further differentiation into cryptic species. There are three morphological types within E. berberidis s. lat. that contain consistent differences. Until future multi-locus analyses will be available, we prefer to treat these 'morphological types' as varieties. These include Erysiphe berberidis var. berberidis, E. berberidis var. asiatica, and E. berberidis var. dimorpha comb. nov. (≡ Microsphaera berberidis var. dimorpha, M. berberidicola, and M. multappendicis). To fix the application of species name E. berberidis, an appropriate epitype was designated, with an ITS sequences.

对来自亚洲、欧洲和北美的小檗属和马洪属的白粉病标本进行了系统发育和形态学分析。本研究表明,与形态上较为统一的无性形态相比,小檗属植物的有性形态具有高度的形态可塑性。在系统发育树中,所有的序列都聚集在一个大的、被强烈支持的支系中,没有任何进一步分化为隐种的迹象和支持。小檗有三种形态类型。包含一致的差异。在未来的多位点分析可用之前,我们倾向于将这些“形态类型”视为品种。其中包括小檗、亚洲小檗和小檗。11月(≡小檗小叶变种、小檗小叶小叶、多枝小叶小叶小叶小叶)。为了确定小檗属植物的种名,指定了一个合适的表型,并进行了ITS序列分析。
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引用次数: 2
Soil propagule banks of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Larix cajanderi above the treeline in the Siberian Arctic. 西伯利亚北极地区林木线以上与北方落叶松相关的外生菌根真菌的土壤繁殖体库。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.05.002
Yumiko Miyamoto, Trofim C Maximov, Alexander Kononov, Atsuko Sugimoto

Microbial symbionts are essential for plant niche expansion into novel habitats. Dormant propagules of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi are thought to play an important role in seedling establishment in invasion fronts; however, propagule bank communities above the treeline are poorly understood in the Eurasian Arctic, where treelines are expected to advance under rapid climate change. To investigate the availability of EM fungal propagules, we collected 100 soil samples from Arctic tundra sites and applied bioassay experiments using Larix cajanderi as bait seedlings. We detected 11 EM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by obtaining entire ITS regions. Suillus clintonianus was the most frequently observed OTU, followed by Cenococcum geophilum and Sebacinales OTU1. Three Suillus and one Rhizopogon species were detected in the bioassay seedlings, indicating the availability of Larix-specific suilloid spores at least 30 km from the contemporary treeline. Spores of S. clintonianus and S. spectabilis remained infective after preservation for 14 mo and heat treatment at 60 °C, implying the durability of the spores. Long-distance dispersal capability and spore resistance to adverse conditions may represent ecological strategies employed by suilloid fungi to quickly associate with emerging seedlings of compatible hosts in treeless habitats.

共生微生物是植物生态位向新生境扩展的必要条件。外生菌根真菌(EM)的休眠繁殖体被认为在入侵前线的幼苗建立中起重要作用;然而,在欧亚北极地区,人们对树木线以上的繁殖库群落知之甚少,在快速的气候变化下,树木线预计会向前推进。为了研究EM真菌繁殖体的有效性,我们在北极冻土带采集了100个土壤样品,并以落叶松(Larix cajanderi)作为诱饵幼苗进行了生物测定实验。通过获取整个ITS区域,我们检测到11个EM真菌操作分类单位(otu)。最常见的OTU是clinillus clintonianus,其次是cenococum geophilum和Sebacinales OTU1。在生物测定的幼苗中检测到3种水蛭和1种根瘤菌,表明落叶松特有的水蛭孢子在离当代林木线至少30公里的地方存在。clintonianus和S. spectabilis孢子在保存14个月和60℃热处理后仍具有感染性,说明孢子具有持久性。远距离传播能力和孢子对不利条件的抗性可能代表了水蛭真菌在无树生境中与相容寄主的新兴幼苗快速结合的生态策略。
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引用次数: 1
Two new species of Sistotrema s.l. (Cantharellales) from Japan with descriptions of their ectomycorrhizae. 标题日本鹿角菌属二新种及其外生菌根描述。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.02.003
Ryo Sugawara, Nana Shirasuka, Tatsuki Yamamoto, Kosuke Nagamune, Kaito Oguchi, Nitaro Maekawa, Kozue Sotome, Akira Nakagiri, Shuji Ushijima, Naoki Endo

We describe two new species of resupinate Sistotrema sensu lato (Cantharellales) collected in Japan: S. flavorhizomorphae and S. chloroporum. Both species have urniform basidia with more than four sterigmata and monomitic hyphal system, oil-rich hyphae in subiculum, which is typical for this genus. Sistotrema chloroporum is characterized by poroid hymenophore partly yellowish-green, basidia 4-6-spored, medium-sized basidiospores (4.5-6.5 × 3.5-6 µm), and broadleaf forest habitat. Sistotrema flavorhizomorphae is characterized by hydnoid-irpicoid hymenophore, bright yellowish rhizomorphs, basidia 6-8-spored, small basidiospores (3-3.5 × 2.5-3 µm), and pine forest habitat. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the fungal nrDNA ITS and LSU and the rpb2 sequences supported that both species were distinct and grouped with other ectomycorrhizal Sistotrema and Hydnum species, but their generic boundary was unclear. Mycorrhizae underneath basidiomes of both species were identified and described via molecular techniques. Mycorrhizae of S. chloroporum have similar characteristics to those of other Sistotrema s.l. and Hydnum species, i.e., S. confluens and H. repandum, whereas S. flavorhizomorphae has a distinct morpho-anatomy, for example, a distinct pseudoparenchymatous mantle. Comprehensive characterizations of basidiomes and mycorrhizae improve the taxonomic analysis of mycorrhizal species of Sistotrema s.l.

本文报道了在日本发现的2个新种:S. flavorhizomorphae和S. chloroporum。两种均有均匀的担子,有4个以上的孢子和单菌丝系统,下托富含油的菌丝,这是本属的典型特征。绿孔Sistotrema chloroporum的特征是多孔膜孢子部分黄绿色,担子孢子4-6孢子,中型担子孢子(4.5-6.5 × 3.5-6µm),阔叶林生境。其特征是:膜包膜呈水螅状,根状花序淡黄色,担子孢子6-8孢子,担子孢子小(3-3.5 × 2.5-3µm),生长于松林。从真菌nrDNA ITS和LSU以及rpb2序列推断的系统发育树支持这两个物种是不同的,并与其他外生菌根Sistotrema和hyum物种归为一类,但它们的属界不明确。利用分子技术对两种植物担子壳下的菌根进行了鉴定和描述。S. chloroporum的菌根与其他Sistotrema s.l.和Hydnum物种(即S. confluens和H. repandum)的菌根具有相似的特征,而S. flavorhizomorphae具有独特的形态解剖结构,例如,独特的假实质膜。担子子和菌根的综合鉴定有助于提高对Sistotrema s.l菌根种类的分类分析。
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引用次数: 2
Two new species of Fulvifomes (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae) on threatened or near threatened tree species in Japan. 日本受威胁或近威胁树种上富尔维门属二新种(担子菌科,膜毛菌科)。
IF 1.4 4区 生物学 Q4 MYCOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2022.04.002
Tsutomu Hattori, Yuko Ota, Kozue Sotome

We describe two new species of Fulvifomes based on morphological observations and phylogenetic investigations. Both species were identified as Phellinus rimosus by former mycologists, but both are morphologically distinct from authenticated specimen of P. rimosus. Fulvifomes boninensis is characterized by perennial basidiomata, a sulcate pileus surface becoming rimose, lack of a distinct crust on the pileus surface, subdimitic hyphal system in the context, and ellipsoid basidiospores. This species is endemic to the Bonin Islands, Japan, and is specific to the host Morus boninensis, a red-listed tree species. Fulvifomes imazekii is characterized by perennial basidiomata, sulcate and velutinous pileus surface, lack of a crust on the pileus surface, dimitic hyphal system in the context, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. This species is specific to Berchemiella berchemiaefolia, and is known only from Mt. Yokogura-yama, in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Fulvifomes boninensis and F. imazekii are considered threatened, because of their high host specificity each with a threatened tree species as well as the limited distribution of the former and the extremely small number of "mature individuals" of the latter. The following new combinations were also proposed: Fulvifomes aulaxinus, F. pappianus, and F. tepperi.

在形态学观察和系统发育研究的基础上,我们描述了富尔维门属的两个新种。这两种植物都被以前的真菌学家鉴定为狐毛淋,但在形态上与狐毛淋的鉴定标本不同。富尔维富斯的特征是多年生担子瘤,有槽状的菌毛表面变成了乳脂状,菌毛表面没有明显的外壳,菌丝系统为亚二分体,孢子呈椭球状。这个物种是日本博宁群岛特有的,是宿主桑树特有的,桑树是一种被列入红色名录的树种。imazekii Fulvifomes imazekii的特征是多年生担子瘤,菌毛表面有槽状和绒毛状,菌毛表面无硬壳,菌丝系统双裂,孢子大致呈椭球状。本种为berchemella berchemaefolia所特有,仅产于日本高知县的横库山(Mt. Yokogura-yama)。boninensis和F. imazekii被认为是受威胁的,因为它们的寄主高度特异性都是受威胁的树种,而且前者的分布有限,后者的“成熟个体”数量极少。还提出了以下新组合:黄颡鱼(fulviformes aulaxinus)、黄颡鱼(F. pappianus)和黄颡鱼(F. tepperi)。
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引用次数: 3
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