Bunkers are an integral part of the infrastructure of enterprises in various industries processing bulk materials. Corrosion processes and the formation of dust deposits on the internal surfaces of bunkers are irreversible and often lead to disruptions in the technological process and equipment performance parameters, and in some cases, to accidents. The stability and continuity of technological processes for processing bulk materials largely depend on the cleanliness of the internal surfaces of bunkers. Even the best technical characteristics of technological equipment only indicate the technical capabili-ties of the operation of technological lines. Their reliable and effective operation can be ensured by proper maintenance of the condition of internal surfaces and cleaning from corrosion and deposits. Increased dustiness, poor visibility, and confined spaces significantly complicate the conditions for performing work by service personnel inside bunkers. The enclosed space inside bunkers is a very dangerous place not intended for the work of service personnel. In order to avoid endangering ser-vice personnel and prevent people from entering the bunker, methods are proposed to easily, quickly, and, most importantly, safely clean the surfaces inside the bunkers.
{"title":"A Cleaning of Internal Surfaces of Bunkers Without the Presence of Operating Personnel Inside the Bunker","authors":"V.A. Shapovalov, V.I. Lyashenko, A. Gurin","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bunkers are an integral part of the infrastructure of enterprises in various industries processing bulk materials. Corrosion processes and the formation of dust deposits on the internal surfaces of bunkers are irreversible and often lead to disruptions in the technological process and equipment performance parameters, and in some cases, to accidents. The stability and continuity of technological processes for processing bulk materials largely depend on the cleanliness of the internal surfaces of bunkers. Even the best technical characteristics of technological equipment only indicate the technical capabili-ties of the operation of technological lines. Their reliable and effective operation can be ensured by proper maintenance of the condition of internal surfaces and cleaning from corrosion and deposits. Increased dustiness, poor visibility, and confined spaces significantly complicate the conditions for performing work by service personnel inside bunkers. The enclosed space inside bunkers is a very dangerous place not intended for the work of service personnel. In order to avoid endangering ser-vice personnel and prevent people from entering the bunker, methods are proposed to easily, quickly, and, most importantly, safely clean the surfaces inside the bunkers.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"121 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the research on gas explosions, the emphasis has been and continues to be primarily on physical experiments conducted on various scaled-down models. Building models at actual size is often a resource-intensive task in terms of materials, time, and human resources. The rapid advancement of computational techniques has allowed, among other things, the transfer of gas explosion research into the virtual environment. For validating computerized simulations of this kind, physical experiments and specialized literature are still considered fundamental. However, one of the challenges posed by the virtualization process is the limitation of conducting simulations in fully or partially enclosed spaces, under initially imposed conditions, without the possibility of dynamically modifying these conditions based on the development of overpressures generated by the virtual explosion. This paper details a computerized experiment where the boundary conditions were successfully transformed into predefined pressure threshold surfaces, transitioning from rigid surfaces to surfaces capable of releasing the overpressures developed in fully or partially enclosed spaces. This approach aligns the results of these simulations with the real dynamic effects of gas explosion events.
{"title":"Computational Simulation of Methane Ignition in Enclosed Spaces","authors":"G. Florea, D. Petrilean","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the research on gas explosions, the emphasis has been and continues to be primarily on physical experiments conducted on various scaled-down models. Building models at actual size is often a resource-intensive task in terms of materials, time, and human resources. The rapid advancement of computational techniques has allowed, among other things, the transfer of gas explosion research into the virtual environment. For validating computerized simulations of this kind, physical experiments and specialized literature are still considered fundamental. However, one of the challenges posed by the virtualization process is the limitation of conducting simulations in fully or partially enclosed spaces, under initially imposed conditions, without the possibility of dynamically modifying these conditions based on the development of overpressures generated by the virtual explosion. This paper details a computerized experiment where the boundary conditions were successfully transformed into predefined pressure threshold surfaces, transitioning from rigid surfaces to surfaces capable of releasing the overpressures developed in fully or partially enclosed spaces. This approach aligns the results of these simulations with the real dynamic effects of gas explosion events.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"341 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristian Rădeanu, Ladislau Radermacher, G. Vasilescu, Claudius Popescu
The paper presents the results of the theoretical and practical research on the development of the infrastructure for assessing the risk of terrorist attacks associated with undesirable events such as major accidents that can occur at explosives storehouses. The scientific research was carried out within the framework of Project PN 16 43 02 15 - CORE Program titled “Researches regarding the increase of security degree in the technical infrastructures for storing explosives for civil uses”. The use of the DIRE version 1.0 software package specialized in the field of risk assessment of terrorist attacks on explosives storehouses has provided the necessary premises for an objective and highly accurate assessment of this type of risk in the technical infrastructure and the quantification of the degree of damage to the human component and on-site or neighbouring targets, as well as to the area in their proximity.
{"title":"Assessing the Risk of Terrorist Attacks Against Technical Infrastructures Intended for the Storage of Explosives For Civil Uses","authors":"Cristian Rădeanu, Ladislau Radermacher, G. Vasilescu, Claudius Popescu","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper presents the results of the theoretical and practical research on the development of the infrastructure for assessing the risk of terrorist attacks associated with undesirable events such as major accidents that can occur at explosives storehouses. The scientific research was carried out within the framework of Project PN 16 43 02 15 - CORE Program titled “Researches regarding the increase of security degree in the technical infrastructures for storing explosives for civil uses”. The use of the DIRE version 1.0 software package specialized in the field of risk assessment of terrorist attacks on explosives storehouses has provided the necessary premises for an objective and highly accurate assessment of this type of risk in the technical infrastructure and the quantification of the degree of damage to the human component and on-site or neighbouring targets, as well as to the area in their proximity.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"78 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occupational safety risk assessment is always the basic stage of the systematic approach of reducing the impact of undesired events (work injuries and occupational illnesses), by decreasing both their likelihood of occurrence and the gravity/severity of the generated impact. Eighteen years ago, when, as a consequence of the regulatory changes induced by our country’s accession into the European Union, the risk assessment became mandatory/compulsory. Since then some progress was factually realized in the spirit of applying different risk analysis techniques in all Romanian organizations. Even if there are many aspects that are requiring further improvement, an effectively validated and nationally accepted indigenous tool is nowadays available. This method was put in practice in this research paper, in order to analyse, evaluate and assess the safety risks related to several of the main activities/jobs in a diabase open pit mine exploiting construction stone in a certain province of the country. Based on the results obtained, it has become feasible to propose realistic measures aimed at preventing the identified and quantified risks located in the field of unacceptable risks and protecting exposed workers to their effects. The case study developed and synthesized in this article confirms the capability of the risk assessment process to facilitate the substantiation of the decisions regarding the allocation of resources towards the minimization of the risks encountered in the work processes by different categories of workers in the mining companies.
{"title":"Occupational Safety Risk Assessment for Wola Heavy-Duty Machinery Operator in a Romanian Diabase Open –Pit Mine","authors":"Raluca Cepreaga Moldoveanu, R. Moraru","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Occupational safety risk assessment is always the basic stage of the systematic approach of reducing the impact of undesired events (work injuries and occupational illnesses), by decreasing both their likelihood of occurrence and the gravity/severity of the generated impact. Eighteen years ago, when, as a consequence of the regulatory changes induced by our country’s accession into the European Union, the risk assessment became mandatory/compulsory. Since then some progress was factually realized in the spirit of applying different risk analysis techniques in all Romanian organizations. Even if there are many aspects that are requiring further improvement, an effectively validated and nationally accepted indigenous tool is nowadays available. This method was put in practice in this research paper, in order to analyse, evaluate and assess the safety risks related to several of the main activities/jobs in a diabase open pit mine exploiting construction stone in a certain province of the country. Based on the results obtained, it has become feasible to propose realistic measures aimed at preventing the identified and quantified risks located in the field of unacceptable risks and protecting exposed workers to their effects. The case study developed and synthesized in this article confirms the capability of the risk assessment process to facilitate the substantiation of the decisions regarding the allocation of resources towards the minimization of the risks encountered in the work processes by different categories of workers in the mining companies.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the hydraulic characteristics of ash suspensions, in particular the removal of ash from the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. The importance of this research is justified by the relevance of understanding hydrodynamic processes in suspensions, which is crucial for the efficiency of mineral resource processing. The study focuses on the investigation of the physico-chemical properties of suspensions, which is fundamental for the development and optimization of technological processes. The main goal of the article is to determine the discrepancies between theoretical calculations and experimental data in the context of the hydraulic characteristics of ash suspensions. Focusing on this issue, the research aims to make an important contribution to the accuracy of prediction and calculation of the behavior of suspensions, which has important practical applications. The research methodology includes a series of experiments to measure various hydraulic parameters of the suspension, including suspension density, solid phase weight content, and porosity. The experiments are based on a detailed analysis of ash samples collected from the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. It is established that theoretical formulas for determining hydraulic characteristics are well confirmed experimentally. The difference is due to the accuracy of measuring the density of the solid phase and errors in measuring weight and volume; it is sufficiently small and does not have a fundamental character.
{"title":"Experimental Verification of Calculation Formulas for Hydraulic Characteristics of Ash Suspension Removal","authors":"Vladyslav Kurilov","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the hydraulic characteristics of ash suspensions, in particular the removal of ash from the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. The importance of this research is justified by the relevance of understanding hydrodynamic processes in suspensions, which is crucial for the efficiency of mineral resource processing. The study focuses on the investigation of the physico-chemical properties of suspensions, which is fundamental for the development and optimization of technological processes. The main goal of the article is to determine the discrepancies between theoretical calculations and experimental data in the context of the hydraulic characteristics of ash suspensions. Focusing on this issue, the research aims to make an important contribution to the accuracy of prediction and calculation of the behavior of suspensions, which has important practical applications. The research methodology includes a series of experiments to measure various hydraulic parameters of the suspension, including suspension density, solid phase weight content, and porosity. The experiments are based on a detailed analysis of ash samples collected from the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. It is established that theoretical formulas for determining hydraulic characteristics are well confirmed experimentally. The difference is due to the accuracy of measuring the density of the solid phase and errors in measuring weight and volume; it is sufficiently small and does not have a fundamental character.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doru Cioclea, S. Radu, Alexandru Cămărășescu, Adrian Matei, Răzvan Drăgoescu
Human society is in full development. Proportionately, the industrial activity continuously develops and diversifies. Various technological processes also bring with them specific risks such as the one generated by the presence of carbon dioxide in closed premises. The effect of this gas on the human body is destructive and can reach situations incompatible with life. Preventive measures presuppose a good knowledge of how this gas disperses. This paper details the experimentation carried out to identify how carbon dioxide disperses.
{"title":"Determining the Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide Dispersion in Closed Spaces","authors":"Doru Cioclea, S. Radu, Alexandru Cămărășescu, Adrian Matei, Răzvan Drăgoescu","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Human society is in full development. Proportionately, the industrial activity continuously develops and diversifies. Various technological processes also bring with them specific risks such as the one generated by the presence of carbon dioxide in closed premises. The effect of this gas on the human body is destructive and can reach situations incompatible with life. Preventive measures presuppose a good knowledge of how this gas disperses. This paper details the experimentation carried out to identify how carbon dioxide disperses.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"15 S3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doru Cioclea, S. Radu, Alexandru Cămărășescu, Adrian Matei, Răzvan Drăgoescu
Carbon dioxide is a suffocating gas resulting either from industrial activities from combustion or explosion. There may also be carbon dioxide deposits under pressure, quartered in porous geological formations. This gas can show slow or violent releases with accumulation at ground level. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is both toxic and asphyxiating. This gas can accumulate in closed spaces and when it exceeds the concentration of 12% vol. it becomes lethal. For the protection of working personnel, it is necessary to identify and apply the most effective preventive measures. This requires an understanding of carbon dioxide’s behaviour during the build-up phase. The research gives a CFD analysis for determining the dynamics of carbon dioxide dispersion in a confined enclosure.
{"title":"CFD Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Dispersion Dynamics in Closed Spaces","authors":"Doru Cioclea, S. Radu, Alexandru Cămărășescu, Adrian Matei, Răzvan Drăgoescu","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Carbon dioxide is a suffocating gas resulting either from industrial activities from combustion or explosion. There may also be carbon dioxide deposits under pressure, quartered in porous geological formations. This gas can show slow or violent releases with accumulation at ground level. Carbon dioxide is a gas that is both toxic and asphyxiating. This gas can accumulate in closed spaces and when it exceeds the concentration of 12% vol. it becomes lethal. For the protection of working personnel, it is necessary to identify and apply the most effective preventive measures. This requires an understanding of carbon dioxide’s behaviour during the build-up phase. The research gives a CFD analysis for determining the dynamics of carbon dioxide dispersion in a confined enclosure.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"15 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stanislav Iev. Bartashevskyi, Valery А. Borodai, Olha Yu. Nesterova
An electromechanical method is proposed to avoid peak dynamic loads in a steady state, the condition of smooth start and emergency stop, as well as correction of the scraper conveyor productivity depending on the load flow level of the blasting combine, which will increase the reliability and reduce the energy and metal consumption of the transport link of the mining complex.
{"title":"Damping of Suddenly Changing Loads by Drive Means of the Driving Mechanism of the Scraper Conveyor","authors":"Stanislav Iev. Bartashevskyi, Valery А. Borodai, Olha Yu. Nesterova","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An electromechanical method is proposed to avoid peak dynamic loads in a steady state, the condition of smooth start and emergency stop, as well as correction of the scraper conveyor productivity depending on the load flow level of the blasting combine, which will increase the reliability and reduce the energy and metal consumption of the transport link of the mining complex.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"49 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work presents a history of the exploitation and processing of alluvial gold in Antiquity by the first civilizations of mankind. But those who developed and perfected this technology were the Romans, in Hispania and Britannia, where they mined gold both outcrops and underground. The technology they used was so advanced that it remained unchanged for more than a millennium.
{"title":"History of Gold in Antiquity","authors":"Ioan-Lucian Bolunduț","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The work presents a history of the exploitation and processing of alluvial gold in Antiquity by the first civilizations of mankind. But those who developed and perfected this technology were the Romans, in Hispania and Britannia, where they mined gold both outcrops and underground. The technology they used was so advanced that it remained unchanged for more than a millennium.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"26 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Radu, Florin Vîlceanu, M. Toderaș, Ilie Iucal, Alexandra Lihoacă, Stela Dinescu
The paper analyses the phenomenon of mining machinery fatigue, focusing on the Bucket Wheel Stacker-Reclaimer KsS 5600/3800x40 machine. To evaluate fatigue cycles under variable and non-periodic force conditions specific to this type of machine, Dirlik method and spectral analysis are applied. Dirlik method provides an innovative approach to stress spectrum analysis, taking into account the complex distribution of stress amplitudes during coal stacking operations and their deposition on the conveyor belt. Spectral analysis provides detailed insight into the frequency distribution in the dynamic response of Bucket Wheel Stacker-Reclaimer. This analysis allows the identification of the dominant frequencies associated with the charging and discharging cycles. The results obtained have significant implications for the optimisation of operations and the effective management of fatigue within this specific equipment.
{"title":"Contributions to the Analysis of Mining Equipment Fatigue Through the Dirlik Method and Spectral Analysis","authors":"S. Radu, Florin Vîlceanu, M. Toderaș, Ilie Iucal, Alexandra Lihoacă, Stela Dinescu","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper analyses the phenomenon of mining machinery fatigue, focusing on the Bucket Wheel Stacker-Reclaimer KsS 5600/3800x40 machine. To evaluate fatigue cycles under variable and non-periodic force conditions specific to this type of machine, Dirlik method and spectral analysis are applied. Dirlik method provides an innovative approach to stress spectrum analysis, taking into account the complex distribution of stress amplitudes during coal stacking operations and their deposition on the conveyor belt. Spectral analysis provides detailed insight into the frequency distribution in the dynamic response of Bucket Wheel Stacker-Reclaimer. This analysis allows the identification of the dominant frequencies associated with the charging and discharging cycles. The results obtained have significant implications for the optimisation of operations and the effective management of fatigue within this specific equipment.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"90 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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