M. Delayat, M. Lazar, Sabin-Ioan Irimie, S. Irimie
Abstract Global warming and climate changes, as well as the contribution of fossil fuel to the accentuation of these phenomena are realities almost unanimously accepted. Therefore, the reduction of the coal ratio in the energy mix and its replacement with forms of energy without emissions is being discussed more and more frequently. Nevertheless, it is important that the impact generated in the environment by the alternative energy sources related to energy production does not exceed the shortcomings created by the steam power plants, as it seems to be the case of micro hydropower plants (MHC) located on the superior flow of mountain rivers. As it is difficult to compare the impact on the environment generated by two completely different energy sources, two indictors were defined and used in this sense that consider their ecological, economic and social performance. As a result of the evaluation of the impact and of the comparison criteria, the two indicators were used in the two chosen case studies, resulting that a steam power plant that operates in cogeneration has a superior eco-energy efficiency to a micro hydropower plant. Thus, following the carried-out studies, we believe that MHC can be recommended only under special circumstances such as providing electric power to areas difficult to reach without them injecting the produced energy into the National Energy System (SEN).
{"title":"Eco-Energetic Efficiency – Comparative Analysis of Steam Power Plants Versus Micro Hydropower Plants","authors":"M. Delayat, M. Lazar, Sabin-Ioan Irimie, S. Irimie","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global warming and climate changes, as well as the contribution of fossil fuel to the accentuation of these phenomena are realities almost unanimously accepted. Therefore, the reduction of the coal ratio in the energy mix and its replacement with forms of energy without emissions is being discussed more and more frequently. Nevertheless, it is important that the impact generated in the environment by the alternative energy sources related to energy production does not exceed the shortcomings created by the steam power plants, as it seems to be the case of micro hydropower plants (MHC) located on the superior flow of mountain rivers. As it is difficult to compare the impact on the environment generated by two completely different energy sources, two indictors were defined and used in this sense that consider their ecological, economic and social performance. As a result of the evaluation of the impact and of the comparison criteria, the two indicators were used in the two chosen case studies, resulting that a steam power plant that operates in cogeneration has a superior eco-energy efficiency to a micro hydropower plant. Thus, following the carried-out studies, we believe that MHC can be recommended only under special circumstances such as providing electric power to areas difficult to reach without them injecting the produced energy into the National Energy System (SEN).","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"4 1","pages":"83 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82035735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As part of the company Geoscan Service S.R.L., I was contacted to investigate the possibility of using resistivity, refraction seismic data and MASW seismic to identify the stratification up to 15m deep so that the client could choose the type of drilling rig for installing the conductor in order to drill two water injection wells. The main problem in the choice of geophysical methods was the lack of detailed geological data for calibrating the obtained results, as the presence of groundwater, the thicknesses of the deluvial layer and the bedrock. The choice of geophysical methods and the work procedure are carried out according to the international standards in force, ASTM D6429-99 “Standard guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical Methods”, ASTM D5777-00 “Standard guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method for Subsurface Investigation, “Standard Guide for Using the Direct Current Resistivity Method for Subsurface Site Characterization”, STAS 1242/7-84 “Geophysical research of the land by seismic methods”.
作为Geoscan Service srl公司的一部分，我被联系来研究使用电阻率、折射地震数据和MASW地震数据来识别15m深地层的可能性，以便客户可以选择安装导管的钻机类型，以便钻两口注水井。选择地球物理方法的主要问题是缺乏详细的地质数据来校准所获得的结果，如地下水的存在，洪积层和基岩的厚度。地球物理方法的选择和工作程序按照现行国际标准ASTM D6429-99《地表地球物理方法选择标准指南》、ASTM D5777-00《地下勘测用地震折射法标准指南》、《地下场地表征用直流电阻率法标准指南》、STAS 1242/7-84《用地震方法进行陆地地球物理研究》进行。
{"title":"Geophysical Analyses on the Geomechanical Characteristics of the Soil for Choices of the Drilling Rig, in the Area of Târgu Ocna, Bacău County, Romania","authors":"Laurențiu-Ștefan Popescu, Adrian Ceptureanu","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As part of the company Geoscan Service S.R.L., I was contacted to investigate the possibility of using resistivity, refraction seismic data and MASW seismic to identify the stratification up to 15m deep so that the client could choose the type of drilling rig for installing the conductor in order to drill two water injection wells. The main problem in the choice of geophysical methods was the lack of detailed geological data for calibrating the obtained results, as the presence of groundwater, the thicknesses of the deluvial layer and the bedrock. The choice of geophysical methods and the work procedure are carried out according to the international standards in force, ASTM D6429-99 “Standard guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical Methods”, ASTM D5777-00 “Standard guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method for Subsurface Investigation, “Standard Guide for Using the Direct Current Resistivity Method for Subsurface Site Characterization”, STAS 1242/7-84 “Geophysical research of the land by seismic methods”.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"66 1","pages":"48 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81042606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the risks connected to fires underground is the throttle effect which may cause unforeseen smoke spread. This paper investigates the throttle effect for a blower fan and an exhaust fan case in a mine drift. The aim of the paper is to perform a parametric study on the throttle effect, varying influencing parameters such as the heat release rate and fan flow velocity. Data from fire experiments in a model-scale mine drift and results from CFD simulations were used during the study. It was found that the differences between the two fan cases were significant both in magnitude and occasionally in direction. For the base cases the throttle effect as well as the backlayering were more severe in the exhaust fan case. When increasing the heat release rate to 116 kW an increasing backlayering resulted, but the throttle effect was found to increase for the exhaust fan case and decrease for the blower fan case. The throttle effect decreased in the blower fan case as the gas density decrease levelled off, but the flow velocity increased even further, causing an increase in the downstream mass flow rate. This finding was confirmed by similar experimental results in model-scale mine drifts. The resulting mass flow rate induced by the fire plume changes was found to be higher than the externally imposed increase of the fan flow velocity. When increasing the distance between the fire and the exhaust fan, the backlayering increased and the throttle effect decreased.
{"title":"The Throttle Effect – Blower Fan Versus Exhaust Fan","authors":"R. Hansen","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the risks connected to fires underground is the throttle effect which may cause unforeseen smoke spread. This paper investigates the throttle effect for a blower fan and an exhaust fan case in a mine drift. The aim of the paper is to perform a parametric study on the throttle effect, varying influencing parameters such as the heat release rate and fan flow velocity. Data from fire experiments in a model-scale mine drift and results from CFD simulations were used during the study. It was found that the differences between the two fan cases were significant both in magnitude and occasionally in direction. For the base cases the throttle effect as well as the backlayering were more severe in the exhaust fan case. When increasing the heat release rate to 116 kW an increasing backlayering resulted, but the throttle effect was found to increase for the exhaust fan case and decrease for the blower fan case. The throttle effect decreased in the blower fan case as the gas density decrease levelled off, but the flow velocity increased even further, causing an increase in the downstream mass flow rate. This finding was confirmed by similar experimental results in model-scale mine drifts. The resulting mass flow rate induced by the fire plume changes was found to be higher than the externally imposed increase of the fan flow velocity. When increasing the distance between the fire and the exhaust fan, the backlayering increased and the throttle effect decreased.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"74 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90601153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents the level of heavy metal contamination in the areas located in the vicinity of the mining perimeters in Baia Mare and Băiuț and the risk of their expansion in the future. Heavy metal contamination was analysed on water samples from wells, plants and milk from animals that consumed water from polluted streams.
{"title":"Determinations and Interpretations of the Contents of Heavy Metals from Food and Water Test Samples from Locations Near the Mining Perimeters of Baia Mare and Băiuț Area","authors":"A. Bud","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents the level of heavy metal contamination in the areas located in the vicinity of the mining perimeters in Baia Mare and Băiuț and the risk of their expansion in the future. Heavy metal contamination was analysed on water samples from wells, plants and milk from animals that consumed water from polluted streams.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"52 1","pages":"16 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81773723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Bulqiza chrome mine is one of the most important chromium mines and mining activities in Albania. It is the deepest mine in the Balkans and possibly even in Europe. Recently, the inner shaft of the mine reached a depth of 1000 m, measured from the surface, or −180 m below sea level. Like all deep metal mines, this mine also faces a different set of challenges during its development. The first and most important challenge is that of improving the degree of geological research and knowledge of this mine and assessment of geological resources and reserves according to JORC Code 2012 edition. In addition, a series of other challenges related to increasing the depth of the mine represent the object of this paper: rock and ore stability and the underground voids support; improvement of mining methods and technologies; groundwater and its pumping; temperature, air parameters and mine ventilation. Among other things, these problems were solved using various computation and simulation programs.
{"title":"New Challenges to the Deep Development of the Bulqiza Chrome Mines","authors":"Edmond Goskolli","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bulqiza chrome mine is one of the most important chromium mines and mining activities in Albania. It is the deepest mine in the Balkans and possibly even in Europe. Recently, the inner shaft of the mine reached a depth of 1000 m, measured from the surface, or −180 m below sea level. Like all deep metal mines, this mine also faces a different set of challenges during its development. The first and most important challenge is that of improving the degree of geological research and knowledge of this mine and assessment of geological resources and reserves according to JORC Code 2012 edition. In addition, a series of other challenges related to increasing the depth of the mine represent the object of this paper: rock and ore stability and the underground voids support; improvement of mining methods and technologies; groundwater and its pumping; temperature, air parameters and mine ventilation. Among other things, these problems were solved using various computation and simulation programs.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"42 1","pages":"29 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80738298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Any underground work requires the knowledge and application of appropriate techniques and technologies in all stages of implementation of such a project. An important problem in the design of underground works is the knowledge of the characteristics and behaviour of the massif in which the work will be carried out. It depends on the choice of the excavation solution appropriate to the existing real conditions, which will influence the duration of the work and the costs associated with it. The objective of this paper was to analyse and compare the total deformations of the contour of the underground work, assuming that the work is performed by sequential excavation method (S.E.M.): excavation in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction. The finite element numerical simulation method was used for the convergence analysis, which showed that the total displacements of the tunnel gallery wall are smaller for the horizontal sequential excavation (SEM) variant, both for the hypothesis of coefficient of pressure in state of rest having the value K0 = 0.6, as well as for the hypothesis in which K0 = 2.27.
{"title":"Finite Element Method for Designing Large Section Underground Works by Sequential Excavation Method. Study Case: Lugoj-Deva Road Tunnel","authors":"M. Toderaș","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Any underground work requires the knowledge and application of appropriate techniques and technologies in all stages of implementation of such a project. An important problem in the design of underground works is the knowledge of the characteristics and behaviour of the massif in which the work will be carried out. It depends on the choice of the excavation solution appropriate to the existing real conditions, which will influence the duration of the work and the costs associated with it. The objective of this paper was to analyse and compare the total deformations of the contour of the underground work, assuming that the work is performed by sequential excavation method (S.E.M.): excavation in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction. The finite element numerical simulation method was used for the convergence analysis, which showed that the total displacements of the tunnel gallery wall are smaller for the horizontal sequential excavation (SEM) variant, both for the hypothesis of coefficient of pressure in state of rest having the value K0 = 0.6, as well as for the hypothesis in which K0 = 2.27.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"203 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74755472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents a brief history of Bronze Age gold to the Middle Ages, as well as its properties, minerals and deposits, alloys, uses and recycling.
摘要本文简要介绍了青铜器时代至中世纪黄金的历史，以及其性质、矿藏、合金、用途和回收利用。
{"title":"Gold: Properties, Minerals, Alloys, Uses and Recycling","authors":"Ioan-Lucian Bolunduț","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents a brief history of Bronze Age gold to the Middle Ages, as well as its properties, minerals and deposits, alloys, uses and recycling.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"11 1","pages":"42 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87449720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Topography has an important role in the realization of underground mining works, hydro-technical constructions, roads, etc. Appropriate topographic measurements and processing are required to trace these objectives in the necessary safety and efficiency conditions. An appropriate topographic basis must first be established for which scientific analyzes focusing mainly on topographical guidance elements are required. It is considered an independent polygonal route, easy to achieve and with superior quality effects.
{"title":"Analysis of Orientation Accuracies in Underground Polygonal Routes","authors":"Ofelia-Larisa Filip, A. Filip","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Topography has an important role in the realization of underground mining works, hydro-technical constructions, roads, etc. Appropriate topographic measurements and processing are required to trace these objectives in the necessary safety and efficiency conditions. An appropriate topographic basis must first be established for which scientific analyzes focusing mainly on topographical guidance elements are required. It is considered an independent polygonal route, easy to achieve and with superior quality effects.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"42 1","pages":"49 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89363790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article gives an overview of solid waste and tailing generated by the mining activity over the years in Albania. It presents the geographical distribution of the disposal areas giving a quantitative and qualitative assessment of this waste. It reveals that the best approach to deal with mining waste is their recycling to recover lost mineral products deposited in the mining waste and tailing dam. This loss is due to the type of technology used over the years in mines and to the low efficiency of the processing equipment; nonetheless, the new treatment methods can represent a great potential for the recycling industries in the mining activity. At the same time the rehabilitation of the disposal areas is of great importance.
{"title":"Mineral Waste, Recycling and Rehabilitation of their Disposal Areas","authors":"Jorgaq Thanas, Aida Bode, Sokol Mati","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article gives an overview of solid waste and tailing generated by the mining activity over the years in Albania. It presents the geographical distribution of the disposal areas giving a quantitative and qualitative assessment of this waste. It reveals that the best approach to deal with mining waste is their recycling to recover lost mineral products deposited in the mining waste and tailing dam. This loss is due to the type of technology used over the years in mines and to the low efficiency of the processing equipment; nonetheless, the new treatment methods can represent a great potential for the recycling industries in the mining activity. At the same time the rehabilitation of the disposal areas is of great importance.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"10 1","pages":"35 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81830527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the most important wastes in iron metallurgy is the blast furnace sludge. This sludge consists of fine particles of iron ore, coke and fine particles of flux. The furnace sludge is characterized by the chemical composition similar to that of the furnace load, the major difference being the concentration of zinc and lead. Due to the similarity with the blast furnace load, this material, after pelletization, can be recycled in the technological process. However, this recirculation is limited by the zinc content, which significantly disrupts the operation of the furnace. This paper presents tests to reduce the zinc content of the furnace sludge by hydrometallurgical and pyrometalurgical processes.
{"title":"Research Regarding Iron Sludge Recovery Technology","authors":"E. Traistă, Camelia Traistă","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the most important wastes in iron metallurgy is the blast furnace sludge. This sludge consists of fine particles of iron ore, coke and fine particles of flux. The furnace sludge is characterized by the chemical composition similar to that of the furnace load, the major difference being the concentration of zinc and lead. Due to the similarity with the blast furnace load, this material, after pelletization, can be recycled in the technological process. However, this recirculation is limited by the zinc content, which significantly disrupts the operation of the furnace. This paper presents tests to reduce the zinc content of the furnace sludge by hydrometallurgical and pyrometalurgical processes.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"95 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85712193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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