Abstract The paper presents the state-of-the-art on the microwave assisted mechanical rock cutting by presenting actual findings and tendencies in the field in international literature, and the activities performed during the intermediate stage and the results obtained by the team from the University of Petroşani as partner within the ERAMIN-ERANET-MIWACUT research project.
{"title":"Romanian Carbonate Rocks Cuttability Assessment Using Linear Cutting Tester","authors":"Andrei Andraș, F. Popescu","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents the state-of-the-art on the microwave assisted mechanical rock cutting by presenting actual findings and tendencies in the field in international literature, and the activities performed during the intermediate stage and the results obtained by the team from the University of Petroşani as partner within the ERAMIN-ERANET-MIWACUT research project.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"29 1","pages":"50 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78891371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Often, excavations of natural slopes are necessary in the site area for the construction of civil or industrial objectives. The execution of such works requires special attention, from the design phase, regarding the stability of the slope in the initial state, but also after excavation and identification, if necessary, of technical solutions to increase the stability reserve, thus ensuring the security during the execution of works but also of future constructions. Such a situation was encountered in the case of Anina Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), when, in the absence of proper investigations of the slope to be excavated, there was a landslide that interrupted the site activities, and which, to some extent, jeopardized the objectives already built. In this context, at the level of 2015, slope stabilization works were designed and executed, works that proved to be insufficient. In 2021, it was necessary to conduct a new stability study in order to analyze the possibilities of continuing the construction of the treatment plant. This paper presents the results obtained during this study, as well as a series of conclusions and interpretations, regarding the technical condition of the slope in different hypotheses.
{"title":"Investigations on the Stability of the Right Slope in the Area of Anina Wastewater Treatment Plant","authors":"F. Faur, M. Lazar, C. Danciu, I. Apostu","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Often, excavations of natural slopes are necessary in the site area for the construction of civil or industrial objectives. The execution of such works requires special attention, from the design phase, regarding the stability of the slope in the initial state, but also after excavation and identification, if necessary, of technical solutions to increase the stability reserve, thus ensuring the security during the execution of works but also of future constructions. Such a situation was encountered in the case of Anina Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), when, in the absence of proper investigations of the slope to be excavated, there was a landslide that interrupted the site activities, and which, to some extent, jeopardized the objectives already built. In this context, at the level of 2015, slope stabilization works were designed and executed, works that proved to be insufficient. In 2021, it was necessary to conduct a new stability study in order to analyze the possibilities of continuing the construction of the treatment plant. This paper presents the results obtained during this study, as well as a series of conclusions and interpretations, regarding the technical condition of the slope in different hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"85 1","pages":"7 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80547514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Worldwide, the demand for raw materials and materials is constantly increasing, being proportional to the growth of the population. In this sense, the demand and production of solid fuels such as coal has grown steadily. At the level of the European Union, due to the restrictive coal extraction policy, production has steadily decreased and coal-producing countries have had to implement closure programs with strict deadlines. As mining networks shrink, there is an intensification of risk factors due to changes in the ventilation system. The paper presents the restructuring of a complex ventilation network.
{"title":"Restructuring Simulation of the Ventilation Network","authors":"É. Biró, S. Radu, Doru Cioclea, Ion Gherghe","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Worldwide, the demand for raw materials and materials is constantly increasing, being proportional to the growth of the population. In this sense, the demand and production of solid fuels such as coal has grown steadily. At the level of the European Union, due to the restrictive coal extraction policy, production has steadily decreased and coal-producing countries have had to implement closure programs with strict deadlines. As mining networks shrink, there is an intensification of risk factors due to changes in the ventilation system. The paper presents the restructuring of a complex ventilation network.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"36 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88185362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In their raw forms, clay minerals are found with a number of inherent impurities which make them unsuitable for most industrial applications. In order to overcome this problem and add value to clay minerals, beneficiation process is an indispensable solution. This study investigates effect of wet beneficiation process on the characteristics of a local clay mined from Getso village of Kano State, Nigeria. Mineralogical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. Chemical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Physicochemical characterization of the clay was carried out using pH meter and density analysis conducted using density bottle. XRD analysis of Getso clay showed that the raw clay had 8 wt% kaolinite and 51% quartz. Wet beneficiation resulted into 53% improvement of the kaolinite content and 47% reduction of quartz impurity. The XRF analysis has shown that silica-alumina ratio of the raw Getso clay was 1.55 and this reduced to 1.49 after beneficiation. The physicochemical characterization of the clay has shown that Getso clay is neutral, the raw clay and beneficiated clay had average pH values of 7.5 and 7.3, respectively. Specific gravity values of the raw and beneficiated clay were 2.24 and 2.04, respectively. The beneficiation process had been effective as substantial increase in kaolinte content was observed and a reasonable decrese in the impurity contents was observed from the raw to the beneficiated clay. The Garnet content was completely reduced to zero while quartz, clinochlore and orthoclase were reduced by 24%, 9% and 13% respectively. The clay obtained after the beneficiation be serve as good raw material for production of whitewares, high grade ceramics in synthesis of zeolitic materials.
{"title":"Effect of Beneficiation on the Characterization of Getso Kaolin","authors":"N. Salahudeen, A. Mukhtar","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In their raw forms, clay minerals are found with a number of inherent impurities which make them unsuitable for most industrial applications. In order to overcome this problem and add value to clay minerals, beneficiation process is an indispensable solution. This study investigates effect of wet beneficiation process on the characteristics of a local clay mined from Getso village of Kano State, Nigeria. Mineralogical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. Chemical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Physicochemical characterization of the clay was carried out using pH meter and density analysis conducted using density bottle. XRD analysis of Getso clay showed that the raw clay had 8 wt% kaolinite and 51% quartz. Wet beneficiation resulted into 53% improvement of the kaolinite content and 47% reduction of quartz impurity. The XRF analysis has shown that silica-alumina ratio of the raw Getso clay was 1.55 and this reduced to 1.49 after beneficiation. The physicochemical characterization of the clay has shown that Getso clay is neutral, the raw clay and beneficiated clay had average pH values of 7.5 and 7.3, respectively. Specific gravity values of the raw and beneficiated clay were 2.24 and 2.04, respectively. The beneficiation process had been effective as substantial increase in kaolinte content was observed and a reasonable decrese in the impurity contents was observed from the raw to the beneficiated clay. The Garnet content was completely reduced to zero while quartz, clinochlore and orthoclase were reduced by 24%, 9% and 13% respectively. The clay obtained after the beneficiation be serve as good raw material for production of whitewares, high grade ceramics in synthesis of zeolitic materials.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"34 1","pages":"72 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79622480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic response over time of the excavator boom during operation. For a start, we determined the variation in time of the forces acting on the rotor shaft, due to the excavation. These forces have high values and a slow variation over time, which depends on the rotation speed of the bucket wheel and the number of buckets installed on it. A virtual model of the BWE boom was proposed, for which the dynamic response in time due to the excavation forces was determined, for a point in the main cabin of the BWE. A virtual sensor has been attached to this point corresponding to seat of the operator. The simulation of the dynamic response over time was performed taking into account a global damping of 2% of the critical damping. The simulation was performed both for the excavation of a homogeneous material and for the case of a shock (a sudden appearance of an inclusion of hard material during the cutting of the homogeneous material).
{"title":"Simulation of the Vibrations Produced to the Human Body During Operation of the Bucket Wheel Excavators. A Case Study of ERc 1400-30/7 Type Excavator","authors":"Ildiko Brînaș","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic response over time of the excavator boom during operation. For a start, we determined the variation in time of the forces acting on the rotor shaft, due to the excavation. These forces have high values and a slow variation over time, which depends on the rotation speed of the bucket wheel and the number of buckets installed on it. A virtual model of the BWE boom was proposed, for which the dynamic response in time due to the excavation forces was determined, for a point in the main cabin of the BWE. A virtual sensor has been attached to this point corresponding to seat of the operator. The simulation of the dynamic response over time was performed taking into account a global damping of 2% of the critical damping. The simulation was performed both for the excavation of a homogeneous material and for the case of a shock (a sudden appearance of an inclusion of hard material during the cutting of the homogeneous material).","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"1 1","pages":"33 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79307113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The rock salt deposit from Ocnele Mari - Coceneşti was mined by the method with rooms and small square pillars, at the levels + 226m and + 210m. Although the saline is not deep, certain instability phenomena (cracks, exfoliations) have occurred in the resistance structures (pillars, ceilings), especially in the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E. These instability phenomena were also highlighted following the 3D finite element numerical modelling. In order to prevent the degradation of the mining excavations and the resistance structures, the affected surfaces were supported with anchors and reinforced shotcrete. The ceiling of the consolidated section of the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E is monitored by the systematic measurement, on topographic landmarks mounted on the ceiling, of the vertical and horizontal displacements.
摘要采用+ 226m和+ 210m层位的小方柱房法开采Ocnele Mari - coceneti岩盐矿床。虽然含盐量不深，但阻力结构(矿柱、顶板)出现了一定的失稳现象(裂缝、剥落)，特别是在G31-33定向室、地平线210E。在三维有限元数值模拟之后，这些不稳定现象也得到了强调。为防止矿山开挖和阻力结构的退化，对受影响的地表进行锚杆和喷射混凝土加固。G31-33定向房加固段吊顶水平210E，通过安装在吊顶上的地形标志，系统测量吊顶的垂直和水平位移。
{"title":"Improving the Stability of the Directional Room G 31-33, Horizon 210 - East, Ocnele Mari-Coceneṣti Salt Mine, By Reinforcement with Anchors and Shotcrete","authors":"D. Marian, I. Onica","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rock salt deposit from Ocnele Mari - Coceneşti was mined by the method with rooms and small square pillars, at the levels + 226m and + 210m. Although the saline is not deep, certain instability phenomena (cracks, exfoliations) have occurred in the resistance structures (pillars, ceilings), especially in the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E. These instability phenomena were also highlighted following the 3D finite element numerical modelling. In order to prevent the degradation of the mining excavations and the resistance structures, the affected surfaces were supported with anchors and reinforced shotcrete. The ceiling of the consolidated section of the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E is monitored by the systematic measurement, on topographic landmarks mounted on the ceiling, of the vertical and horizontal displacements.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"31 1","pages":"19 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83105095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Local clay mineral was mined from Okpella Town, Etsako Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Mineralogical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray diffraction analyzer. Chemical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analyzer and the pH analysis of the clay was carried out using pH meter. The mineralogical analysis revealed that the clay was majorly a dolomite mineral having 72% dolomite. The impurities present are 18% cristobalite, 4.1% garnet, 5% calcite and 1% quicklime. The pH analysis of the clay revealed that the clay was acidic having average pH value of 3.9. The pH determined for the 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:10 samples were 3.61, 3.85, 3.85, 4.05 and 4.09, respectively.
{"title":"Mineralogical, Physicochemical and Morphological Characterization of Okpella Clay","authors":"N. Salahudeen, Aminat Oluwafisayo Abodunrin","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Local clay mineral was mined from Okpella Town, Etsako Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Mineralogical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray diffraction analyzer. Chemical characterization of the clay was carried out using X-ray fluorescence analyzer and the pH analysis of the clay was carried out using pH meter. The mineralogical analysis revealed that the clay was majorly a dolomite mineral having 72% dolomite. The impurities present are 18% cristobalite, 4.1% garnet, 5% calcite and 1% quicklime. The pH analysis of the clay revealed that the clay was acidic having average pH value of 3.9. The pH determined for the 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:10 samples were 3.61, 3.85, 3.85, 4.05 and 4.09, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"23 1","pages":"78 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81393229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents a synthesis of the research consisting in a complex capitalization of a brucitic limestone deposit from Romania, in environmental protection, respectively of the complex processing possibilities for using the final products could in a very well defined direction such as: the getting of MgO with 99% purity from a brucitic concentrate with 38-40% MgO content; the getting of a fertilizer containing struvite, limestone and microelements with benefit effects on the acid soils amelioration and on plants growth. The research allowed the establishing of a complex system of three technologies, respectively, one of brucitic limestone processing, the second of magnesia obtaining by brucitic concentrate leaching with carbon dioxide and the third, that of getting a double-role agricultural fertilizer (manure for plants growth and acid soils neutralizer).
{"title":"Complex Technologies of Brucitic Limestone Capitalization","authors":"E. Traistă, C. Bădulescu","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents a synthesis of the research consisting in a complex capitalization of a brucitic limestone deposit from Romania, in environmental protection, respectively of the complex processing possibilities for using the final products could in a very well defined direction such as: the getting of MgO with 99% purity from a brucitic concentrate with 38-40% MgO content; the getting of a fertilizer containing struvite, limestone and microelements with benefit effects on the acid soils amelioration and on plants growth. The research allowed the establishing of a complex system of three technologies, respectively, one of brucitic limestone processing, the second of magnesia obtaining by brucitic concentrate leaching with carbon dioxide and the third, that of getting a double-role agricultural fertilizer (manure for plants growth and acid soils neutralizer).","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"18 1","pages":"80 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74731487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nadutyi, O. Tytov, Dmytrii Kolosov, V. Sukhariev, Taras Usatyi
Abstract The distribution of power consumption of centrifugal two-shaft disintegrator for impact and shear destruction of material as functions of its technological and structural parameters, as well as parameters of material being ground, has been substantiated. An analytical apparatus has been developed to determine the degree of influence of each factor. Factors affecting the absolute value of the consumed power of the disintegrator have also been established. The results of the work make it possible to optimize the technological process in order to reduce the yield of bream fragments of destruction, which is observed when the share of energy of shear deformations increases, in order to obtain cuboid fractions of disintegration products. They allow to create a methodology for determining the rational parameters of a centrifugal double-shaft disintegrator.
{"title":"Energy Analysis of Impact-Shear Interaction of Counter Flows of Ground Loose Material in Centrifugal Disintegrator","authors":"V. Nadutyi, O. Tytov, Dmytrii Kolosov, V. Sukhariev, Taras Usatyi","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The distribution of power consumption of centrifugal two-shaft disintegrator for impact and shear destruction of material as functions of its technological and structural parameters, as well as parameters of material being ground, has been substantiated. An analytical apparatus has been developed to determine the degree of influence of each factor. Factors affecting the absolute value of the consumed power of the disintegrator have also been established. The results of the work make it possible to optimize the technological process in order to reduce the yield of bream fragments of destruction, which is observed when the share of energy of shear deformations increases, in order to obtain cuboid fractions of disintegration products. They allow to create a methodology for determining the rational parameters of a centrifugal double-shaft disintegrator.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"27 1","pages":"30 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87083444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Traistă, C. Bădulescu, M. Lazar, Camelia Traistă
Abstract Metallurgical slag is one of the most common industrial wastes. Many of these wastes are not stable over time, by reacting with water and air, continuously generating emissions of heavy metals. Metallurgical slag processing is necessary for at least two reasons: reducing pollutant emissions and broadening the raw material base. The recovery of these slags is very difficult because they are the result of metallurgical processes that aimed to fix metals considered impurities in chemical matrices as stable as possible. This paper presents the initial research on the behavior of metallurgical slags against different leaching technologies.
{"title":"Research on the Recovery of Copper from Metallurgical Slag","authors":"E. Traistă, C. Bădulescu, M. Lazar, Camelia Traistă","doi":"10.2478/minrv-2021-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metallurgical slag is one of the most common industrial wastes. Many of these wastes are not stable over time, by reacting with water and air, continuously generating emissions of heavy metals. Metallurgical slag processing is necessary for at least two reasons: reducing pollutant emissions and broadening the raw material base. The recovery of these slags is very difficult because they are the result of metallurgical processes that aimed to fix metals considered impurities in chemical matrices as stable as possible. This paper presents the initial research on the behavior of metallurgical slags against different leaching technologies.","PeriodicalId":18788,"journal":{"name":"Mining Revue","volume":"30 1","pages":"40 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73761479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：