National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery最新文献

Sandwich osteotomy is a technique for vertical augmentation based on the principle of a graft being placed between two pedicled native bones. The inherent vascularization helps in graft consolidation. The aim is to review the bone height gained, implant survival and pitfalls with sandwich osteotomy. The PICO model was used to identify the suitable studies for the review. Oxford level of evidence, Newcastle Ottawa Scale and Cochrane's tool for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was applied for identifying study quality. Meta-analysis was performed with the help of RevMan. Funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias and bias during article selection. Difference in means was used as principal summary measure. Fixed effects model with inverse variance statistics was used. I2test statistics was applied to identify study heterogeneity. Forest plots were produced for the outcome variables with 95% confidence interval (CI) and overall treatment effects and subgroup effects at a significance level of 0.05. The overall implant survival rate ranged from 90%-100% and prosthetic survival rate from 87%-95%. An overall 6-10mm of bone can be gained in the anterior mandible and 4-8mm in the posterior mandible. A total of 1030 implants were placed of which 988 implants survived after the mean follow up periods (odds ratio: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.49-1.21). Implant survival is independent of the graft being used. Vertical augmentation in the posterior mandible is limited compared to anterior owing to the presence of inferior alveolar nerve and the keratinized tissue deficiency.

Pediatric maxillofacial trauma is a rare entity, which is primarily the reason for an individual surgeon's inexperience in managing such injuries. More so, maxillary injuries are infrequent. Pediatric maxillofacial injuries are usually a result of blunt force trauma such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, bicycle injuries, sports-related injuries, assault, and child abuse. The atypical pattern of facial injuries in the pediatric population necessitates each surgeon to approach individual cases with a unique and innovative technique of management, while still following the basic principles of surgical management of maxillofacial injuries. Since facial trauma and surgical interventions both have the potential to lead to disturbance in growth and development, management should be as conservative as possible. The foundation of any surgical intervention must be developed keeping in perspective, the future growth, and development of dentofacial structures. Pediatric facial trauma management is in itself a disconcerting situation for a maxillofacial surgeon, but when a special needs child is involved it becomes an even more perplex decision. We present a case of maxillary trauma in a pediatric patient with global developmental delay, the treatment dilemma, and a review of current literature.

Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to compare the esthetic outcome of extended cervicomastoid approach with reconstruction with conventional approach (modified Blair's incision) for parotid surgery.

Materials and methods: 48 patients were enrolled and grouped into A: surgery through extended cervicomastoid incision with sternocleidomastoid reconstruction and B: surgery through modified Blair's incision. After parotid surgery, patients were followed up to 6 months on the basis of flap ischemia, patient satisfaction, and cosmesis (visual analog scale [VAS]).

Results: In our study, preauricular depression over the face was present in 4.2% and 95.8% patients Group A and B at 6 months, respectively (P < 0.001) and retromandibular depression (70.8%) in Group B (P < 0.001). Subjective Frey's syndrome was present in 8.3% of patients of Group B (P > 0.05). The mean value of VAS between the two groups was 1.08 ± 0.28 and 3.29 ± 0.62 at 6 months (P = 0.001) while mean change was significantly (P = 0.03) higher in Group A (1.00 ± 0.00) as compared to Group B (0.20 ± 0.72) from postoperative to 6 months, respectively. Patient of Group A had good satisfaction level (62.5% and 91.7%) at 6 weeks and 6 months while Group B patients had fair satisfaction level (87.5%) at 6 weeks and poor satisfaction level 79.2% at 6 months.

Conclusion: Parotidectomy through extended cervicomastoid incision with sternocleidomastoid flap reconstruction experienced lower rates of postoperative complications, flap necrosis, and gustatory sweating in comparison to cervicomastoid facial approach, and thus, the previous incision is esthetically superior that allows cheek contour reconstruction with no increase in operative time or postoperative complications.

Introduction: Patients suffering temporomandibular joint internal disc derangement (IDD) ignore appointments after the first examination or after the first or second sessions of initial treatment. The dropout rate for these patients varies from 36% to 78% as per literature. Unfortunately, very few studies have investigated the dropout rate of these patients. Hence, the present study was undertaken to find out the dropout rate among these kinds of patients.

Material and methods: A retrospective study was done from June 2008 to December 2017 by collecting the records of the patients who were diagnosed to have IDD. Outcome variables included were age, sex, distance traveled, occupation, and education.

Results: Out of 1021 patients 766 patients were included in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at <0.05. In this study, there is slight male predominance (52.8%) and 63.1% (21-40 years) were among young adults and the patients in the age group of 21-30 years had shown good compliance, Postgraduate has shown the highest follow-up rate when compared with graduates and school level and the difference was found to be statistically significant. People in the job had shown good compliance when compared with business class and retired people and the patients within 50 km had shown the maximum follow-up with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01).

Conclusion: This study has shown that the dropout rate of treatment in temporomandibular joint disorder is affected by age, sex, distance traveled, occupation, and education.

[This corrects the article on p. 248 in vol. 13, PMID: 36051797.].

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a severe respiratory disorder syndrome which originated in Wuhan city as a global public health emergency, and the pandemic declaration by the WHO was made on March 11, 2020. Persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 are frequently asymptomatic, yet they have high respiratory viral loads, and they are major purveyors of viral spread. These factors have led to the current explosion of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. Vaccines could play an important role by preventing severe diseases and increasing population immunity and reducing the ongoing health crisis. There is wealth of information for the review available since it is a current topic of interest. Initially, Google Scholar was utilized to take an initial sample of what types of articles are available. We searched other databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and COCHRANE LIBRARY for research articles published up to March 2021, with no language restrictions. We found seven peer-reviewed publications available on the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: AZD1222 (AstraZeneca/University of Oxford), a ChAdOx1-based vaccine with a reported efficacy of 70.4% and two mRNA-based vaccines: BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) with a reported efficacy of 95% and mRNA-1273 (Moderna/NIAID) with a reported efficacy of 94.1%. Internet was used as a source because of its limitless networking of resources. Sources used from the internet were written by professionals in their fields and published on reliable sites, in referred publications, or on professional organization sites. The cited references were within the last 2 years.

Background: The development of the skin stapling technique for surgical wound closure is less time-consuming than the conventional sutures.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of skin staples and 4-0 prolene conventional suture in closure of extraoral surgical wounds in neck region in elective maxillofacial surgery.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a total of 60 patients, who were equally divided into three groups. In Group 1, wound closure was done using skin staples; in Group 2, wound closure was done using 4-0 prolene suture, and in Group 3, wound closure was done using both skin staples and 4-0 prolene suture. These groups were compared in terms of rate of wound closure; early postoperative pain; pain on the removal of staple and suture; rate of removal of staple and suture; scar evaluation by the clinician, patient, and two-blind observers on 15^th day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results: The rate of closure was significantly faster in staple group than in suture group. There was no significant difference in the postoperative pain, pain on removal and rate of removal between the two methods of closure. However, within the groups, more postoperative pain was observed in wound with incision length of >5 cm. Initially, on 10^th postoperative day, the appearance of scar was significantly better in suture group but after 6 months, scar was better in staple group.

Conclusion: The staple method of wound closure appears to be better than conventional suture in terms of rate of closure and scar appearance.

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment typically lasts 18-24 months, but depending on the conditions, it can take a longer duration. In recent years, accelerated orthodontics has been the subject of extensive research to shorten the duration of treatment. In distraction osteogenesis (DO), the surgically created joints are slowly and controllably displaced over time by gradual traction. This results in simultaneous growth of soft tissues and bone volumes at the osteotomy site. The DO field is currently experiencing a modern surge of research and development that has been able to implement numerous innovative and revolutionary distraction systems. In this study, we are comparing two different rates of dentoalveolar distraction.

Materials and methods: With the use of custom-made distractors, we will compare the different ranges of activation of distractors and their dental effects. Participants are separated into two groups based on 0.4 mm/day activation and 0.5 mm/day activation.

Results: During the study period, the average tooth movement rate for Group 1 was 0.52 mm and for Group 2 was 0.58 mm. Group 1 completed canine distraction in 11.42 ± 1.81 days and Group 2 in 10.05 ± 1.68 days.

Conclusions: Retraction days decreased in Group 2, due to increased activation of the distractor. The anchorage loss in Group 2 was higher than that in Group 1, which was 1.39 mm lower. Unlike decreased activation, the mean tooth movement of Group 1 is higher than Group 2.

Background: Despite the life-threatening risk that corona virus disease (COVID-19) poses to dentists, their role in suppressing its transmission and the need to deliver dental care to the patients is inevitable. In this regard, it is essential to determine the awareness and knowledge among Indian dental students regarding COVID-19 and to assess their preparedness to handle the current situation.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 408 dental undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) students from private and government dental teaching hospitals. A closed-ended online questionnaire containing crucial elements of COVID management during dental procedures was given to the participants assessing their knowledge and perception pertaining to COVID-19 regarding dental practice. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed for statistical analysis. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The study consisted of 64.71% UG and 35.29% PG dental students, with a mean age of 25.75 ± 3.69 years and M: F ratio of 0.5:1. COVID-19 knowledge increased significantly with age (P = 0.0055) and educational level (P < 0.01). Awareness was also significantly greater in students from government institutions in comparison with private colleges (P < 0.001), with 91.67% of participants being aware of the transmission routes. However, familiarity with survival of virus in aerosols, considerations regarding the use of masks, and strategies for confirmed/suspected COVID-19 health-care workers to return to work after recovery were seen in only 35%, 53.9%, and 38.9% of the students, respectively.

Conclusion: COVID-19 awareness among Indian dental students is significantly related to their education level. The lacunae in this knowledge need to be filled by adequate training by incorporating it as a part of their education.