National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery最新文献

Introduction: Contemporary incisions used to access the frontozygomatic (FZ) sutures are the lateral brow and upper blepharoplasty incisions which are associated with specific limitations and complications. The authors describe the use of sub-brow incision as an alternate approach for exposure of the FZ region.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study involving patients requiring surgical management of zygomatico maxillary complex (ZMC) fractures with fixation at FZ suture alone or along with fixation at infra-orbital rim and/or zygomaticomaxillary buttress. A sub-brow incision was used to expose the fracture and fixation was done with a 4-hole miniplate. The parameters evaluated were specific to the FZ region (sub-brow incision), namely surgical access, bleeding, fracture exposure time, post-operative scar, and pain. Each patient was reviewed on 1^st, 5^th, 7^th, 10^th, 30^th, and 90^th day.

Results: The study sample included eight male patients. The mean age was 30 years. The sub-brow incision demonstrated favorable postoperative outcomes; adequate exposure was achieved in all 8 patients. The scar formation was found to be higher on the 7^th day and the least scar formation was seen by the third month. The mean pain score was found to be high on first post-operative day and the least pain was seen by the 10^th day. The mean score of surgical field bleeding was found to be 1.75 which signified mild bleeding according to Fromme's scale. The mean time taken for adequate exposure of the fracture was 6.62 min. All the assessment parameters were statistically significant (P value <0.01).

Conclusion: Sub-brow incision is an effective approach for ORIF of zygomatic fractures at FZ suture. The technique is quick, simple, and associated with minimal complications.

Background: Opioids such as fentanyl are being used frequently in the management of postoperative period, whereas non-opioid drugs such as dexmedetomidine are now commonly being used as adjuvants during the perioperative period to hasten the fast recovery and better outcome in the post-operative period because of their anesthetic and analgesic property. The recovery profile was measured by the emergence of anesthesia and pain characteristics. We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in the surgery of head and neck cancer patients.

Methods: Prospective double-blind study on 60 patients with the American Society Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II were randomly divided into two groups. Group DM received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg over 10 min followed by a maintenance dose of 0.5 µg/kg/h and Group FM received a loading dose of fentanyl 2 µg/kg/h for over 10 min followed by 1 µg/kg/h maintenance dose. Data were analyzed using a Chi-square test or Student's 't' test.

Results: The group DM was hemodynamic stable as compared to group FM. The perturbation during extubation emergence was significantly lower in group DM as compared to that in group FM. A total of four patients were severely agitated in group FM, whereas it was absent in group DM. Severe agitation was significantly different between Group FM and Group DM. The visual analog scale (VAS) was lower among patients of Group DM as compared to Group FM at all times except at 4 h.

Conclusions: The infusion of dexmedetomidine was better in controlling emergence agitation, postoperative pain, and achieving peri-operative hemodynamic stability as compared to fentanyl.

This systematic review mainly focuses on the effects of curcumin on oral cancer cells at the molecular level and summarizes the results of the studies. We searched and analyzed various databases such as Pub Med, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus. Searches were conducted from 2006 to 2021. This systematic review evaluated various effects of curcumin on oral cancer at the molecular level. All the studies related to the effects of curcumin on oral cancer, both in-vivo and in-vitro, were included. After abstract and text screening a total of 13 articles were finally selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All most all the included studies reported that after treating the cell lines with curcumin there is a reduction in cell proliferation and cell growth, analyzed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Curcumin also induces S phase cell cycle arrest and also prevents Tregs migration. The curcumin reverses the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) back to mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET). From this review, it is concluded that curcumin inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, and induced apoptosis via modulating multiple signaling pathways in oral cancer cell lines. But further clinical trials are needed for a detailed evaluation of the effects of curcumin on patients with oral cancer.

Study design: Randomized Control Trial.

Objective: A prospective, clinico-radiographic, comparative study was planned to evaluate the treatment outcome and postoperative complications in isolated mandibular angle fractures using 2.0-mm system single linear 4 hole with gap miniplate versus 4 hole rectangular grid plate, both stabilized with 4 8-mm monocortical screws.

Methods: Thirty patients with isolated mandibular angle fractures were randomly categorized into two groups with 15 patients each. Group 1 patients were treated with single 2.0 mm × 4 hole linear miniplate along the superior border and Group 2 patients were treated with a 2.0 mm × 4 hole rectangular grid plate on lateral cortex of mandible. Pain, swelling, occlusion, bite force, maximum inter-incisal opening, intraoperative time, facial nerve injury, fracture stability, and postoperative complications were assessed and compared at regular intervals up to 12 months.

Results: There was no major difference in terms of treatment outcome in both systems and both were equally effective without any statistically significant difference in any of the parameters. None of the patients presented with any of the complications except for postoperative infection which was reported by 1 patient from each group at 3 months postoperatively and were managed conservatively.

Conclusion: Both plating systems are equally effective; however, the rectangular grid plate could be a safe and effective alternative to the single miniplate when adaptation and fixation is not possible along the external oblique ridge of the mandible (e.g., fracture with bone loss along the superior border).

Background: General anesthesia remains the most popular technique for ambulatory surgeries with patients, surgeons, and anesthesia providers. The supraglottic airway (SGA) devices result in fewer incidences of sore throat, laryngospasm, coughing, and hoarseness as compared to inserting a tracheal tube. This study was conducted to compare two second-generation SGA devices, LMA ProSeal and I-gel airway, in anesthetized patients on spontaneous ventilation during daycare procedures to establish the superior SGA device.

Methodology: This prospective randomized study was done on 90 patients of either sex aged 15-60 years, ASA grade I-II, Mallampatti grade I and II, and BMI between 20 and 30 kg/m² scheduled for elective surgeries of duration less than 90 min. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups-group A (I-gel) and group B (LMA ProSeal). Insertion parameters, hemodynamic responses, oxygenation, ventilation, peak airway pressure (PAP), and postoperative complications were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0 statistical analysis software.

Results: Mean insertion time of LMA ProSeal was found to be significantly higher as compared to I-gel (33.27 ± 3.88 vs 18.49 ± 3.18 s; P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the groups in the number of attempts and of operators attempted for insertion, as well as in hemodynamic response, oxygenation, and ventilation. Postoperative complications were lesser in group A.

Conclusion: I-gel is an easy-to-insert cuffless SGA device requiring lesser time for insertion, provides adequate ventilation with lesser postoperative complications and thus appears to be better than LMA ProSeal.

Purpose and objectives: One of the main causes of the increasing oral cancer (OC) burden in India is a lack of awareness and a significant gap in knowledge about risk factors and symptomology of OC.

Materials and methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about OC among 500 random patients presenting for care at a tertiary hospital in western Rajasthan which serves a wide area of western, northern, and central Rajasthan.

Results: A total of 446 participants, among which 83.6% were males enrolled in the study. Much to our despair, the results showed 35.23% of the participants (P = 0.007) started their habit at age <15 years. Nearly 60.3% of the participants were well aware of the harmful temporary or permanent effects of the tobacco. Around 40.85% of the participants taking tobacco products were ignorant about their changes in the tissues (site of tobacco placement). TV and Radio (50.5%) were the main source of information of the ill effects of tobacco and form a major contribution in public awareness. More than 90% of the participants had read the warnings on the tobacco packets. No doubt participants have knowledge about the ill effects of tobacco still there was a lack in behavioral modifications for tobacco cessation, leading to nonsuccess in quitting, with actual nonunderstanding about the ill effects of tobacco and overall lack of belief in the tobacco control measures.

Conclusion: Our findings have found a gap in the awareness efforts of OC for the general population and will make public health professionals, clinicians, policymakers, and government a better judge and motivate them to strengthen existing national tobacco control efforts.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of the adult population of the Bhoi community of Nimapara block in Puri district of Odisha.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 433 adults Bhois using a multistage randomized sampling method in Nimapara Block of Dhanua Gram Panchayat, Puri District. Data were collected using the modified WHO Oral Health Assessment Form, 2013. Number and percentages were derived using MS Excel and SPSS package version 26.0. Comparison between discrete and continuous data was done using the Chi-square test and ANOVA. The P value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: The mean Decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) for all study participants was 3.94 ± 3.106. The average DMFT scores for males and females were 3.89 ± 2.938 and 4.0 ± 3.30 respectively. The average shallow and deep pocket presences were 1.20 ± 0.680 and 1.90 ± 0.310, respectively. The mean calculus was 2.13 ± 0.476. The highest loss of attachment of 6 to 8 mm was seen in 92 (21.2%) subjects.

Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases was high. As there is a lack of knowledge about oral hygiene maintenance, proper health education should be administered.