Background: Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, originating from primitive retinal stem cells or cone precursor cells. It can be triggered by mutations of the RB1 gene or amplification of the MYCN gene. Rb may rarely present with polydactyly.
Methods: We conducted karyotype analysis, copy number variation sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing on the infant proband and his family. The clinical course and laboratory results of the proband's infant were documented and collected. We also reviewed the relevant literature.
Results: A 68-day-old boy presented with preaxial polydactyly and corneal edema. His intraocular pressure (IOP) was 40/19 mmHg, and color Doppler imaging revealed vitreous solid mass-occupying lesions with calcification in the right eye. Ocular CT showed flaky high-density and calcification in the right eye. This was classified as an International Retinoblastoma Staging System group E retinoblastoma with an indication for enucleation. Enucleation and orbital implantation were performed on the child's right eye. Karyotype analysis revealed an abnormal 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype, and the mother exhibited diploidy of the short arm of chromosome 15. The Alx-4 development factor, 13q deletion syndrome, and the PAPA2 gene have been reported as potential mechanisms for Rb combined with polydactyly.
Conclusion: We report the case of a baby boy with Rb and polydactyly exhibiting a 46, XY, 15pstk+ Karyotype. We discuss potential genetic factors related to both Rb and polydactyly. Furthermore, there is a need for further exploration into the impact of chromosomal polymorphisms in Rb with polydactyly.
{"title":"Retinoblastoma and polydactyly in a child with 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype-A case report and literature review.","authors":"Xiaohuan Pi, Qiming Zhang, Xinghua Wang, Fagang Jiang","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2414","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, originating from primitive retinal stem cells or cone precursor cells. It can be triggered by mutations of the RB1 gene or amplification of the MYCN gene. Rb may rarely present with polydactyly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted karyotype analysis, copy number variation sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing on the infant proband and his family. The clinical course and laboratory results of the proband's infant were documented and collected. We also reviewed the relevant literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 68-day-old boy presented with preaxial polydactyly and corneal edema. His intraocular pressure (IOP) was 40/19 mmHg, and color Doppler imaging revealed vitreous solid mass-occupying lesions with calcification in the right eye. Ocular CT showed flaky high-density and calcification in the right eye. This was classified as an International Retinoblastoma Staging System group E retinoblastoma with an indication for enucleation. Enucleation and orbital implantation were performed on the child's right eye. Karyotype analysis revealed an abnormal 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype, and the mother exhibited diploidy of the short arm of chromosome 15. The Alx-4 development factor, 13q deletion syndrome, and the PAPA2 gene have been reported as potential mechanisms for Rb combined with polydactyly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report the case of a baby boy with Rb and polydactyly exhibiting a 46, XY, 15pstk+ Karyotype. We discuss potential genetic factors related to both Rb and polydactyly. Furthermore, there is a need for further exploration into the impact of chromosomal polymorphisms in Rb with polydactyly.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-23DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2349
Joie O Olayiwola, Mohammad Marhabaie, Daniel Koboldt, Theodora Matthews, Amy Siemon, Danielle Mouhlas, Taylor Porter, George Kyle, Cortlandt Myers, Hui Mei, Ying-Chen Claire Hou, Melanie Babcock, Jesse Hunter, Kathleen M Schieffer, Yassmine Akkari, Shalini Reshmi, Catherine Cottrell, Mariam T Mathew, Marco L Leung
Background: Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is commonly utilized in the obstetrics setting. CMA is recommended when one or more fetal structural abnormalities is identified. CMA is also commonly used to determine genetic etiologies for miscarriages, fetal demise, and confirming positive prenatal cell-free DNA screening results.
Methods: In this study, we retrospectively examined 523 prenatal and 319 products-of-conception (POC) CMA cases tested at Nationwide Children's Hospital from 2011 to 2020. We reviewed the referral indications, the diagnostic yield, and the reported copy number variants (CNV) findings.
Results: In our cohort, the diagnostic yield of clinically significant CNV findings for prenatal testing was 7.8% (n = 41/523) compared to POC testing (16.3%, n = 52/319). Abnormal ultrasound findings were the most common indication present in 81% of prenatal samples. Intrauterine fetal demise was the common indication identified in POC samples. The most common pathogenic finding observed in all samples was isolated trisomy 21, detected in seven samples.
Conclusion: Our CMA study supports the clinical utility of prenatal CMA for clinical management and identifying genetic etiology in POC arrays. In addition, it provides insight to the spectrum of prenatal and POC CMA results as detected in an academic hospital clinical laboratory setting that serves as a reference laboratory.
{"title":"Clinically significant findings in a decade-long retrospective study of prenatal chromosomal microarray testing.","authors":"Joie O Olayiwola, Mohammad Marhabaie, Daniel Koboldt, Theodora Matthews, Amy Siemon, Danielle Mouhlas, Taylor Porter, George Kyle, Cortlandt Myers, Hui Mei, Ying-Chen Claire Hou, Melanie Babcock, Jesse Hunter, Kathleen M Schieffer, Yassmine Akkari, Shalini Reshmi, Catherine Cottrell, Mariam T Mathew, Marco L Leung","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2349","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is commonly utilized in the obstetrics setting. CMA is recommended when one or more fetal structural abnormalities is identified. CMA is also commonly used to determine genetic etiologies for miscarriages, fetal demise, and confirming positive prenatal cell-free DNA screening results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we retrospectively examined 523 prenatal and 319 products-of-conception (POC) CMA cases tested at Nationwide Children's Hospital from 2011 to 2020. We reviewed the referral indications, the diagnostic yield, and the reported copy number variants (CNV) findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our cohort, the diagnostic yield of clinically significant CNV findings for prenatal testing was 7.8% (n = 41/523) compared to POC testing (16.3%, n = 52/319). Abnormal ultrasound findings were the most common indication present in 81% of prenatal samples. Intrauterine fetal demise was the common indication identified in POC samples. The most common pathogenic finding observed in all samples was isolated trisomy 21, detected in seven samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our CMA study supports the clinical utility of prenatal CMA for clinical management and identifying genetic etiology in POC arrays. In addition, it provides insight to the spectrum of prenatal and POC CMA results as detected in an academic hospital clinical laboratory setting that serves as a reference laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10958178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongjun Song, Reham Abdel Haleem Abo Elwafa, Omneya Magdy Omar, Go Hun Seo, Hane Lee
Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (MIM: PS143890) is a genetic disorder characterized by an increase in blood cholesterol. LDLR is one of the genes which their defect contributes to the disorder. Affected individuals may carry a heterozygous variant or homozygous/compound heterozygous variants and those with biallelic pathogenic variants present more severe symptoms.
Method: We report an Egyptian family with familial hypercholesterolemia. Both the proband and parents have the disorder while a sibling is unaffected. Exome sequencing was performed to identify the causal variant.
Results: LINE-1 insertion in exon 7 of LDLR was identified. Both parents have a heterozygous variant while the proband has a homozygous variant. The unaffected sibling did not carry the variant.
Discussion: This insertion may contribute to the high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Egypt and the finding underscores the importance of implementing mobile element insertion caller in routine bioinformatics pipeline.
{"title":"A case report of an Egyptian family with familial hypercholesterolemia and an exonic LINE-1 insertion in LDLR.","authors":"Yongjun Song, Reham Abdel Haleem Abo Elwafa, Omneya Magdy Omar, Go Hun Seo, Hane Lee","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2410","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Familial hypercholesterolemia (MIM: PS143890) is a genetic disorder characterized by an increase in blood cholesterol. LDLR is one of the genes which their defect contributes to the disorder. Affected individuals may carry a heterozygous variant or homozygous/compound heterozygous variants and those with biallelic pathogenic variants present more severe symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We report an Egyptian family with familial hypercholesterolemia. Both the proband and parents have the disorder while a sibling is unaffected. Exome sequencing was performed to identify the causal variant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LINE-1 insertion in exon 7 of LDLR was identified. Both parents have a heterozygous variant while the proband has a homozygous variant. The unaffected sibling did not carry the variant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This insertion may contribute to the high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Egypt and the finding underscores the importance of implementing mobile element insertion caller in routine bioinformatics pipeline.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linli Liu, Yanbo Wang, Zhengzhong Zhang, Chunshui Yu, Jin Chen
Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal-dominant disorder, is characterized by hamartomas affecting multiple organ systems. The underlying etiology of TSC is the pathogenic variations of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. The phenotype variability of TSC could lead to missed diagnosis; therefore, the latest molecular diagnostic criteria for identifying a heterozygous pathogenic variant in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene filled this gap. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of numerous variants remains unverified, potentially leading to misinterpretations of their functional consequences.
Methods: In this study, a single patient presenting with atypical vitiligo-like skin lesions suspected to have TSC was enrolled. Targeted next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were employed to identify a pathogenic variant. Additionally, a minigene splicing assay was conducted to assess the impact of TSC1 c.1030-2A>T, located in intron 10, on RNA splicing.
Results: A novel TSC1: c.1030-2A>T heterozygosis variant was identified in intron 10. In vitro minigene assay revealed that the c.1030-2A>T variant caused exon 11 skipping, resulting in a frameshift in the absence of 112 base pairs of mature messenger RNA and premature termination after 174 base pairs (p.Ala344Glnfs*59).
Conclusion: The detection of this novel pathogenic TSC1 variant in the patient with atypical vitiligo-like skin lesions enrolled in our study ultimately resulted in the diagnosis of TSC. As a result, our study contributes to expanding the mutational spectrum of the TSC1 gene and refining the genotype-phenotype map of TSC.
{"title":"Identification of a novel TSC1 gene variant in a patient with atypical vitiligo-like skin lesions: Unveiling the hidden tuberous sclerosis complex.","authors":"Linli Liu, Yanbo Wang, Zhengzhong Zhang, Chunshui Yu, Jin Chen","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2403","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal-dominant disorder, is characterized by hamartomas affecting multiple organ systems. The underlying etiology of TSC is the pathogenic variations of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. The phenotype variability of TSC could lead to missed diagnosis; therefore, the latest molecular diagnostic criteria for identifying a heterozygous pathogenic variant in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene filled this gap. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of numerous variants remains unverified, potentially leading to misinterpretations of their functional consequences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a single patient presenting with atypical vitiligo-like skin lesions suspected to have TSC was enrolled. Targeted next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were employed to identify a pathogenic variant. Additionally, a minigene splicing assay was conducted to assess the impact of TSC1 c.1030-2A>T, located in intron 10, on RNA splicing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A novel TSC1: c.1030-2A>T heterozygosis variant was identified in intron 10. In vitro minigene assay revealed that the c.1030-2A>T variant caused exon 11 skipping, resulting in a frameshift in the absence of 112 base pairs of mature messenger RNA and premature termination after 174 base pairs (p.Ala344Glnfs*59).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The detection of this novel pathogenic TSC1 variant in the patient with atypical vitiligo-like skin lesions enrolled in our study ultimately resulted in the diagnosis of TSC. As a result, our study contributes to expanding the mutational spectrum of the TSC1 gene and refining the genotype-phenotype map of TSC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10912791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-17DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2341
Candice Cornelis, Aad Tibben, Eva Brilstra, Ineke Bolt, Marieke van Summeren, Nine Knoers, Annelien L Bredenoord
Background: Counseling for whole-exome sequencing (WES) could benefit from aligning parents' pre- and post-disclosure attitudes. A few studies have qualitatively compared parents' pre- and post-disclosure attitudes toward receiving WES results for their child in a diagnostic setting. This study explored these attitudes in the context of children with a developmental delay.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 27) of 16 children undergoing diagnostic WES in trio-analysis, both before and after receiving results.
Results: Three key insights emerged. First, the distinction between hoping and expecting was relevant for shaping parents' experiences with receiving results related to the primary indication. Second, parents of young children whose development of autonomous capacities was uncertain sometimes found themselves in a situation resembling a Catch-22 when confronted with decisions about unsolicited findings (UFs): an important reason for consenting to WES was to gain a better picture of how the child might develop, but in order to make responsible choices about UFs, some ideas of their child's development is needed. Third, default opt-ins and opt-outs helped parents fathom new kinds of considerations for accepting or declining UFs in different categories, thereby aiding decision-making.
Conclusion: Results from this study are relevant for counseling and policy development.
{"title":"Hope, but never expect? Comparing parents' pre- and post-disclosure attitudes toward return of results from diagnostic exome sequencing for their child.","authors":"Candice Cornelis, Aad Tibben, Eva Brilstra, Ineke Bolt, Marieke van Summeren, Nine Knoers, Annelien L Bredenoord","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2341","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Counseling for whole-exome sequencing (WES) could benefit from aligning parents' pre- and post-disclosure attitudes. A few studies have qualitatively compared parents' pre- and post-disclosure attitudes toward receiving WES results for their child in a diagnostic setting. This study explored these attitudes in the context of children with a developmental delay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 27) of 16 children undergoing diagnostic WES in trio-analysis, both before and after receiving results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three key insights emerged. First, the distinction between hoping and expecting was relevant for shaping parents' experiences with receiving results related to the primary indication. Second, parents of young children whose development of autonomous capacities was uncertain sometimes found themselves in a situation resembling a Catch-22 when confronted with decisions about unsolicited findings (UFs): an important reason for consenting to WES was to gain a better picture of how the child might develop, but in order to make responsible choices about UFs, some ideas of their child's development is needed. Third, default opt-ins and opt-outs helped parents fathom new kinds of considerations for accepting or declining UFs in different categories, thereby aiding decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results from this study are relevant for counseling and policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10958177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139747037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Liang Xing, Ziqiang Zeng, Yana Wang, Bo Pan, Xueshuang Huang
Background: Hemifacial macrosomia (HFM, OMIM 164210) is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease. FORKHEAD BOX I3 (FOXI3) is a susceptibility gene for HFM, and mice with loss of function of Foxi3 did exhibit a phenotype similar to craniofacial dysmorphism. However, the specific pathogenesis of HFM caused by FOXI3 deficiency remains unclear till now.
Method: In this study, we first constructed a Foxi3 deficiency (Foxi3-/- ) mouse model to verify the craniofacial phenotype of Foxi3-/- mice, and then used RNAseq data for gene differential expression analysis to screen candidate pathogenic genes, and conducted gene expression verification analysis using quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: By observing the phenotype of Foxi3-/- mice, we found that craniofacial dysmorphism was present. The results of comprehensive bioinformatics analysis suggested that the craniofacial dysmorphism caused by Foxi3 deficiency may be involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-related gene Akt2 was significantly increased in Foxi3-/- mice.
Conclusion: The craniofacial dysmorphism caused by the deficiency of Foxi3 may be related to the expression of Akt2 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This study laid a foundation for understanding the function of FOXI3 and the pathogenesis and treatment of related craniofacial dysmorphism caused by FOXI3 dysfunction.
{"title":"Identification of potential molecular mechanism related to craniofacial dysmorphism caused by FOXI3 deficiency.","authors":"Xiao-Liang Xing, Ziqiang Zeng, Yana Wang, Bo Pan, Xueshuang Huang","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2411","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemifacial macrosomia (HFM, OMIM 164210) is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease. FORKHEAD BOX I3 (FOXI3) is a susceptibility gene for HFM, and mice with loss of function of Foxi3 did exhibit a phenotype similar to craniofacial dysmorphism. However, the specific pathogenesis of HFM caused by FOXI3 deficiency remains unclear till now.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this study, we first constructed a Foxi3 deficiency (Foxi3<sup>-/-</sup> ) mouse model to verify the craniofacial phenotype of Foxi3<sup>-/-</sup> mice, and then used RNAseq data for gene differential expression analysis to screen candidate pathogenic genes, and conducted gene expression verification analysis using quantitative real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By observing the phenotype of Foxi3<sup>-/-</sup> mice, we found that craniofacial dysmorphism was present. The results of comprehensive bioinformatics analysis suggested that the craniofacial dysmorphism caused by Foxi3 deficiency may be involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway-related gene Akt2 was significantly increased in Foxi3<sup>-/-</sup> mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The craniofacial dysmorphism caused by the deficiency of Foxi3 may be related to the expression of Akt2 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This study laid a foundation for understanding the function of FOXI3 and the pathogenesis and treatment of related craniofacial dysmorphism caused by FOXI3 dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although proteinuria is long recognized as an independent risk factor for progressive chronic kidney diseases, not all forms of proteinuria are detrimental to kidney function, one of which is isolated proteinuria caused by cubilin (CUBN)-specific mutations. CUBN encodes an endocytic receptor, initially found to be responsible for the Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS; OMIM #261100) characterized by a combined phenotype of megaloblastic anemia and proteinuria.
Methods: After analyzing their clinical and pathological characterizations, next-generation sequencing for renal disease genes or whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on four patients with non-progressive isolated proteinuria. CUBN biallelic pathogenic variants were identified and further analyzed by cDNA-PCR sequencing, immunohistochemistry, minigene assay, and multiple in silico prediction tools, including 3D protein modeling.
Results: Here, we present four patients with isolated proteinuria caused by CUBN C-terminal biallelic pathogenic variants, all of which showed no typical IGS symptoms, such as anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Their urine protein levels fluctuated between +~++ and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were normal or slightly higher. Mild mesangial hypercellularity was found in three children's renal biopsies. A homozygous splice-site variant of CUBN (c.6821+3 (IVS44) A>G) was proven to result in the exon 44 skipping and premature translation termination by cDNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Compound heterozygous mutations were identified among the other three children, including another novel splice-site variant (c.10764+1 (IVS66) G>A) causing the retention of first 4 nucleotides in intron 66 by minigene assay, two unreported missense mutations (c.4907G>A (p.R1636Q); c. 9095 A>G (p.Y3032C)), and two reported missense mutations in China (c.8938G>A (p.D2980N); c. 9287T>C (p.L3096P)), locating behind the vitamin B12-binding domain, affecting CUB11, CUB16, CUB22, CUB23, and CUB27 domains, respectively.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that above CUBN mutations may cause non-progressive and isolated proteinuria, expanding the variant spectrum of CUBN and benefiting our understanding of proteinuria and renal function.
{"title":"Identification of novel pathogenic variants of CUBN in patients with isolated proteinuria.","authors":"Huihui Yang, Lanfen He, Hongjian Gong, Chunhui Wan, Juanjuan Ding, Panli Liao, Xiaowen Wang","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2353","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although proteinuria is long recognized as an independent risk factor for progressive chronic kidney diseases, not all forms of proteinuria are detrimental to kidney function, one of which is isolated proteinuria caused by cubilin (CUBN)-specific mutations. CUBN encodes an endocytic receptor, initially found to be responsible for the Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS; OMIM #261100) characterized by a combined phenotype of megaloblastic anemia and proteinuria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After analyzing their clinical and pathological characterizations, next-generation sequencing for renal disease genes or whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on four patients with non-progressive isolated proteinuria. CUBN biallelic pathogenic variants were identified and further analyzed by cDNA-PCR sequencing, immunohistochemistry, minigene assay, and multiple in silico prediction tools, including 3D protein modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we present four patients with isolated proteinuria caused by CUBN C-terminal biallelic pathogenic variants, all of which showed no typical IGS symptoms, such as anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Their urine protein levels fluctuated between +~++ and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were normal or slightly higher. Mild mesangial hypercellularity was found in three children's renal biopsies. A homozygous splice-site variant of CUBN (c.6821+3 (IVS44) A>G) was proven to result in the exon 44 skipping and premature translation termination by cDNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Compound heterozygous mutations were identified among the other three children, including another novel splice-site variant (c.10764+1 (IVS66) G>A) causing the retention of first 4 nucleotides in intron 66 by minigene assay, two unreported missense mutations (c.4907G>A (p.R1636Q); c. 9095 A>G (p.Y3032C)), and two reported missense mutations in China (c.8938G>A (p.D2980N); c. 9287T>C (p.L3096P)), locating behind the vitamin B12-binding domain, affecting CUB11, CUB16, CUB22, CUB23, and CUB27 domains, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrate that above CUBN mutations may cause non-progressive and isolated proteinuria, expanding the variant spectrum of CUBN and benefiting our understanding of proteinuria and renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10941600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2330
Seung Woo Ryu, Ji-Hee Yoon, Dong-Wook Kim, Beomman Han, Heonjong Han, Joohyun Han, Hane Lee, Go Hun Seo, Beom Hee Lee
Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder, caused by a loss-of-function of either TSC1 or TSC2 gene. However, in 10%-15% TSC patients there is no pathogenic variant identified in either TSC1 or TSC2 genes based on standard clinical testing.
Methods: In this study, genome sequencing was performed for families with clinical diagnosis of TSC with negative results from TSC1 and TSC2 single-gene tests.
Results: Herein, we report a family presenting a classical TSC phenotype with an unusual, complex structural variant involving the TSC1 gene: an intrachromosomal inverted insertion in the long arm of chromosome 9. We speculate that the inverted 9q33.3q34.13 region was inserted into the q31.2 region with the 3'-end of the breakpoint of the inversion being located within the TSC1 gene, resulting in premature termination of TSC1.
Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrate the utility of genome sequencing for the identification of complex chromosomal rearrangement. Because the breakpoints are located within the deep intronic/intergenic region, this copy-neutral variant was missed by the TSC1 and TSC2 single-gene tests and contributed to an unknown etiology. Together, this finding suggests that complex structural variants may be underestimated causes for the etiology of TSC.
{"title":"Identification of a complex intrachromosomal inverted insertion in the long arm of chromosome 9 as a cause of tuberous sclerosis complex in a Korean family.","authors":"Seung Woo Ryu, Ji-Hee Yoon, Dong-Wook Kim, Beomman Han, Heonjong Han, Joohyun Han, Hane Lee, Go Hun Seo, Beom Hee Lee","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2330","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder, caused by a loss-of-function of either TSC1 or TSC2 gene. However, in 10%-15% TSC patients there is no pathogenic variant identified in either TSC1 or TSC2 genes based on standard clinical testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, genome sequencing was performed for families with clinical diagnosis of TSC with negative results from TSC1 and TSC2 single-gene tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Herein, we report a family presenting a classical TSC phenotype with an unusual, complex structural variant involving the TSC1 gene: an intrachromosomal inverted insertion in the long arm of chromosome 9. We speculate that the inverted 9q33.3q34.13 region was inserted into the q31.2 region with the 3'-end of the breakpoint of the inversion being located within the TSC1 gene, resulting in premature termination of TSC1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, we demonstrate the utility of genome sequencing for the identification of complex chromosomal rearrangement. Because the breakpoints are located within the deep intronic/intergenic region, this copy-neutral variant was missed by the TSC1 and TSC2 single-gene tests and contributed to an unknown etiology. Together, this finding suggests that complex structural variants may be underestimated causes for the etiology of TSC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10958175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2274
Amjad Khan, Bushra Al Shamsi, Maryam Al Shehhi, Amna A Kashgari, Aaisha Al Balushi, Fahad A Al Dihan, Mohannad A Alghamdi, Abothnain Manal, Ana C González-Álvarez, Stefan T Arold, Wafaa Eyaid
Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome (WRS; MIM 264090) is an extremely rare and highly heterogeneous syndrome that is inherited in a recessive fashion. The patients have hallmark features such as prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, short stature, a progeroid appearance, hypotonia, facial dysmorphology, hypomyelination leukodystrophy, and mental impairment. Biallelic disease-causing variants in the RNA polymerase III subunit A (POLR3A) have been associated with WRS. Here, we report the first identified cases of WRS syndrome with novel phenotypes in three consanguineous families (two Omani and one Saudi) characterized by biallelic variants in POLR3A. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified one novel homozygous missense variant (NM_007055: c.2456C>T; p. Pro819Leu) in two Omani families and one novel homozygous variant (c.1895G>T; p Cys632Phe) in Saudi family that segregates with the disease in the POLR3A gene. In silico homology modeling of wild-type and mutated proteins revealed a substantial change in the structure and stability of both proteins, demonstrating a possible effect on function. By identifying the homozygous variants in the exon 14 and 18 of the POLR3A gene, our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the phenotype-genotype relationship and molecular etiology of WRS syndrome.
维德曼-劳滕斯特劳赫综合征(Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome,WRS;MIM 264090)是一种极其罕见的高度异质性综合征,为隐性遗传。患者具有产前和产后生长迟缓、身材矮小、早衰、肌张力低下、面部畸形、骨髓营养不良性白质营养不良和智力障碍等特征。RNA 聚合酶 III 亚基 A(POLR3A)中的双拷贝致病变体与 WRS 有关。在这里,我们报告了在三个近亲家庭(两个阿曼家庭和一个沙特家庭)中发现的首例具有新表型的 WRS 综合征病例,其特征是 POLR3A 的双链变体。通过全外显子组测序,我们在两个阿曼家族中发现了一个新的同源错义变体(NM_007055:c.2456C>T; p. Pro819Leu),在沙特家族中发现了一个新的同源变体(c.1895G>T; p Cys632Phe),该变体与 POLR3A 基因中的疾病分离。对野生型蛋白和突变型蛋白进行硅同源建模后发现,这两种蛋白的结构和稳定性都发生了很大变化,表明可能对功能产生了影响。通过确定 POLR3A 基因第 14 和 18 号外显子的同源变异,我们的研究结果将有助于更好地理解 WRS 综合征的表型-基因型关系和分子病因。
{"title":"Further delineation of Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome linked with POLR3A.","authors":"Amjad Khan, Bushra Al Shamsi, Maryam Al Shehhi, Amna A Kashgari, Aaisha Al Balushi, Fahad A Al Dihan, Mohannad A Alghamdi, Abothnain Manal, Ana C González-Álvarez, Stefan T Arold, Wafaa Eyaid","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2274","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome (WRS; MIM 264090) is an extremely rare and highly heterogeneous syndrome that is inherited in a recessive fashion. The patients have hallmark features such as prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, short stature, a progeroid appearance, hypotonia, facial dysmorphology, hypomyelination leukodystrophy, and mental impairment. Biallelic disease-causing variants in the RNA polymerase III subunit A (POLR3A) have been associated with WRS. Here, we report the first identified cases of WRS syndrome with novel phenotypes in three consanguineous families (two Omani and one Saudi) characterized by biallelic variants in POLR3A. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified one novel homozygous missense variant (NM_007055: c.2456C>T; p. Pro819Leu) in two Omani families and one novel homozygous variant (c.1895G>T; p Cys632Phe) in Saudi family that segregates with the disease in the POLR3A gene. In silico homology modeling of wild-type and mutated proteins revealed a substantial change in the structure and stability of both proteins, demonstrating a possible effect on function. By identifying the homozygous variants in the exon 14 and 18 of the POLR3A gene, our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the phenotype-genotype relationship and molecular etiology of WRS syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10958179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The MYH3-associated myosinopathies comprise a spectrum of rare neuromuscular disorders mainly characterized by distal arthrogryposis with or without other features like pterygia and vertebrae fusion. CPSKF1B (contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome1B) is the only known autosomal recessiveMYH3-associated myosinopathy so far, with no more than two dozen cases being reported.
Materials and methods: A boy with CPSKF1B was recruited and subjected to a comprehensive clinical and imaging evaluation. Genetic detection with whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the patient and extended family members to identify the causative variation. A series of in silico and in vitro investigations were carried out to verify the pathogenicity of the two variants of the identified compound heterozygous variation.
Results: The patient exhibited moderate CPSKF1B symptoms including multiarticular contractures, webbed neck, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion. WES detected a compound heterozygous MYH3 variation consisting of two variants, namely NM_002470.4: c.3377A>G; p. (E1126G) and NM_002470.4: c.5161-2A>C. It was indicated that the NM_002470.4: c.3377A>G; p. (E1126G) variant mainly impaired the local hydrogen bond formation and impacted the TGF-B pathway, while the NM_002470.4: c.5161-2A>C variant could affect the normal splicing of pre-mRNA, resulting in the appearance of multiple abnormal transcripts.
Conclusions: The findings of this study expanded the mutation spectrum of CPSKF1B, provided an important basis for the counseling of the affected family, and also laid a foundation for the functional study of MYH3 mutations.
背景:MYH3相关肌球蛋白病是一种罕见的神经肌肉疾病,主要特征是远端关节畸形,伴有或不伴有翼状胬肉和脊椎融合等其他特征。CPSKF1B(挛缩、翼状胬肉和脊椎跗骨融合综合征1B)是迄今所知的唯一一种常染色体隐性MYH3相关肌营养不良症,目前报道的病例不超过二十多例:招募了一名患有 CPSKF1B 的男孩,并对其进行了全面的临床和影像学评估。对患者和大家庭成员进行了全外显子组测序(WES)基因检测,以确定致病变异。为了验证已确定的复合杂合变异中两个变异的致病性,进行了一系列的硅学和体外研究:结果:患者表现出中度 CPSKF1B 症状,包括多关节挛缩、颈部蹼状和脊柱跗关节融合。WES检测到一个复合杂合子MYH3变异,由两个变异体组成,即NM_002470.4: c.3377A>G; p. (E1126G)和NM_002470.4: c.5161-2A>C。结果表明,NM_002470.4:c.3377A>G; p. (E1126G)变异主要损害局部氢键的形成,影响TGF-B通路,而NM_002470.4:c.5161-2A>C变异可影响前mRNA的正常剪接,导致多个异常转录本的出现:本研究的发现扩大了CPSKF1B的突变谱,为患病家庭的咨询提供了重要依据,同时也为MYH3突变的功能研究奠定了基础。
{"title":"Functional assessment of a novel biallelic MYH3 variation causing CPSKF1B (contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome1B).","authors":"Qing-Bing He, Cai-Hong Wu, Dong-Lan Sun, Jia-Yu Yuan, Hua-Ying Hu, Kai Yang, Wen-Qi Chen, You-Sheng Yan, Guang-Yue Yin, Jing Zhang, Ya-Zhou Li","doi":"10.1002/mgg3.2401","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mgg3.2401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The MYH3-associated myosinopathies comprise a spectrum of rare neuromuscular disorders mainly characterized by distal arthrogryposis with or without other features like pterygia and vertebrae fusion. CPSKF1B (contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome1B) is the only known autosomal recessiveMYH3-associated myosinopathy so far, with no more than two dozen cases being reported.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A boy with CPSKF1B was recruited and subjected to a comprehensive clinical and imaging evaluation. Genetic detection with whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the patient and extended family members to identify the causative variation. A series of in silico and in vitro investigations were carried out to verify the pathogenicity of the two variants of the identified compound heterozygous variation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient exhibited moderate CPSKF1B symptoms including multiarticular contractures, webbed neck, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion. WES detected a compound heterozygous MYH3 variation consisting of two variants, namely NM_002470.4: c.3377A>G; p. (E1126G) and NM_002470.4: c.5161-2A>C. It was indicated that the NM_002470.4: c.3377A>G; p. (E1126G) variant mainly impaired the local hydrogen bond formation and impacted the TGF-B pathway, while the NM_002470.4: c.5161-2A>C variant could affect the normal splicing of pre-mRNA, resulting in the appearance of multiple abnormal transcripts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study expanded the mutation spectrum of CPSKF1B, provided an important basis for the counseling of the affected family, and also laid a foundation for the functional study of MYH3 mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18852,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}