Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00271-5
Ting Chen, C. Winefield
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of both long and short read transcriptomes of a clonal and a seed-propagated model species reveal the prerequisites for transcriptional activation of autonomous and non-autonomous transposons in plants","authors":"Ting Chen, C. Winefield","doi":"10.1186/s13100-022-00271-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00271-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65814814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2205.04103
Samuel Nalin, Guillaume Theyssier
This paper is about turedos, which are Turing machine whose head can move in the plane (or in a higher-dimensional space) but only in a selfavoiding way, by putting marks (letters) on visited positions and moving only to unmarked, therefore unvisited, positions. The key parameter of turedos is their lookup radius: the distance up to which the head can look around in order to make its decision of where to move to and what mark to write. In this paper we study the hierarchy of turedos according to their lookup radius and the dimension of space using notions of simulation up to spatio-temporal rescaling (a standard approach in cellular automata or self-assembly systems). We establish that there is a rich interplay between the turedo parameters and the notion of simulation considered. We show in particular, for the most liberal simulations, the existence of 3D turedos of radius 1 that are intrinsically universal for all radii, but that this is impossible in dimension 2, where some radius 2 turedo are impossible to simulate at radius 1. Using stricter notions of simulation, intrinsic universality becomes impossible, even in dimension 3, and there is a strict radius hierarchy. Finally, when restricting to radius 1, universality is again possible in dimension 3, but not in dimension 2, where we show however that a radius 3 turedo can simulate all radius 1 turedos.
{"title":"On Turedo Hierarchies and Intrinsic Universality","authors":"Samuel Nalin, Guillaume Theyssier","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2205.04103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.04103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about turedos, which are Turing machine whose head can move in the plane (or in a higher-dimensional space) but only in a selfavoiding way, by putting marks (letters) on visited positions and moving only to unmarked, therefore unvisited, positions. The key parameter of turedos is their lookup radius: the distance up to which the head can look around in order to make its decision of where to move to and what mark to write. In this paper we study the hierarchy of turedos according to their lookup radius and the dimension of space using notions of simulation up to spatio-temporal rescaling (a standard approach in cellular automata or self-assembly systems). We establish that there is a rich interplay between the turedo parameters and the notion of simulation considered. We show in particular, for the most liberal simulations, the existence of 3D turedos of radius 1 that are intrinsically universal for all radii, but that this is impossible in dimension 2, where some radius 2 turedo are impossible to simulate at radius 1. Using stricter notions of simulation, intrinsic universality becomes impossible, even in dimension 3, and there is a strict radius hierarchy. Finally, when restricting to radius 1, universality is again possible in dimension 3, but not in dimension 2, where we show however that a radius 3 turedo can simulate all radius 1 turedos.","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"26 1 1","pages":"6:1-6:18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86102084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00272-4
Goubert, Clement, Craig, Rory J., Bilat, Agustin F., Peona, Valentina, Vogan, Aaron A., Protasio, Anna V.
<p> <b>Correction to: Mobile DNA 13, 7 (2022)</b> </p><p> <b>https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-021-00259-7</b> </p><p>Following the publication of the original article [1] the author reported that Additional files 3, 4 and 5 in the published article are corrupted.</p><p>The original article [1] has been updated.</p><ol><li data-counter="1."><p>Goubert C, Craig RJ, Bilat AF, et al. A beginner’s guide to manual curation of transposable elements. Mobile DNA. 2022;13:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-021-00259-7.</p><p>Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar </p></li></ol><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" role="img" width="16"><use xlink:href="#global-icon-download" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></use></svg></p><h3>Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada</p><p>Clement Goubert</p></li><li><p>Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada</p><p>Clement Goubert</p></li><li><p>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK</p><p>Rory J. Craig</p></li><li><p>Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay</p><p>Agustin F. Bilat</p></li><li><p>Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden</p><p>Valentina Peona & Aaron A. Vogan</p></li><li><p>Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB1 2PQ, UK</p><p>Anna V. Protasio</p></li><li><p>Christ’s College, St Andrews Street, Cambridge, CB2 3BU, UK</p><p>Anna V. Protasio</p></li></ol><span>Authors</span><ol><li><span>Clement Goubert</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Rory J. Craig</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Agustin F. Bilat</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Valentina Peona</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Aaron A. Vogan</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Anna V. Protasio</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li></ol><h3>Corresponding author</h3><p>Correspondence to Anna V. Protasio.</p><p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons lic
更正:Mobile DNA 13,7 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-021-00259-7Following原文发表[1]作者报告发表文章中的附加文件3,4和5被损坏。原文[1]已更新。郭伯特C, Craig RJ, Bilat AF，等。一个初学者的指南手动策展转座元素。移动的DNA。2022年,第13章第7节。https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-021-00259-7.Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar下载参考资料所属单位加拿大麦吉尔大学计算基因组学中心，蒙特利尔，quacimet，加拿大麦吉尔大学人类遗传学系，蒙特利尔，quacimet，加拿大爱丁堡大学进化生物学研究所，爱丁堡，eh93fl，英国蒙得维的亚，República，蒙得维的亚乌普萨拉大学生物学系，Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36，瑞典乌普萨拉valentina Peona &;Aaron A. vogan病理学系，剑桥网球场路，cb12pq, UKAnna V. ProtasioChrist 's College，剑桥圣安德鲁斯街，cb23bu;UKAnna诉ProtasioAuthorsClement GoubertView publicationsYou作者也可以搜索PubMed的作者在谷歌ScholarRory j . CraigView publicationsYou作者也可以搜索PubMed的作者在谷歌ScholarAgustin f . BilatView publicationsYou作者也可以搜索PubMed的作者在谷歌ScholarValentina PeonaView publicationsYou作者也可以搜索PubMed的作者在谷歌ScholarAaron a VoganView publicationsYou作者也可以搜索这个作者PubMed Google ScholarAnna V. Protasio查看作者出版物你也可以在PubMed Google scholarsearch这个作者对应作者Anna V. Protasio的通信。开放获取本文遵循知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议，该协议允许以任何媒介或格式使用、共享、改编、分发和复制，只要您适当地注明原作者和来源，提供知识共享许可协议的链接，并注明是否进行了更改。本文中的图像或其他第三方材料包含在文章的知识共享许可协议中，除非在材料的署名中另有说明。如果材料未包含在文章的知识共享许可中，并且您的预期用途不被法律法规允许或超过允许的用途，您将需要直接获得版权所有者的许可。要查看本许可的副本，请访问http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/。知识共享公共领域免责条款(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)适用于本文中提供的数据，除非在数据的署名中另有说明。转载及许可转载请注明出处:古伯特，C，克雷格，r.j.，比拉特，A.F.等。更正:一个新手指南手动策展转座元素。移动DNA 13,15(2022)。https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00272-4Download citation出版日期:2022年5月4日doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00272-4Share这篇文章任何你分享以下链接的人都可以阅读到这篇文章:获取可共享的链接对不起，本文目前没有可共享的链接。复制到剪贴板由Springer Nature shareit内容共享计划提供
{"title":"Correction: A beginner’s guide to manual curation of transposable elements","authors":"Goubert, Clement, Craig, Rory J., Bilat, Agustin F., Peona, Valentina, Vogan, Aaron A., Protasio, Anna V.","doi":"10.1186/s13100-022-00272-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00272-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000<b>Correction to: Mobile DNA 13, 7 (2022)</b>\u0000</p><p>\u0000<b>https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-021-00259-7</b>\u0000</p><p>Following the publication of the original article [1] the author reported that Additional files 3, 4 and 5 in the published article are corrupted.</p><p>The original article [1] has been updated.</p><ol><li data-counter=\"1.\"><p>Goubert C, Craig RJ, Bilat AF, et al. A beginner’s guide to manual curation of transposable elements. Mobile DNA. 2022;13:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-021-00259-7.</p><p>Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar </p></li></ol><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#global-icon-download\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><h3>Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada</p><p>Clement Goubert</p></li><li><p>Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada</p><p>Clement Goubert</p></li><li><p>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK</p><p>Rory J. Craig</p></li><li><p>Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay</p><p>Agustin F. Bilat</p></li><li><p>Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden</p><p>Valentina Peona & Aaron A. Vogan</p></li><li><p>Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB1 2PQ, UK</p><p>Anna V. Protasio</p></li><li><p>Christ’s College, St Andrews Street, Cambridge, CB2 3BU, UK</p><p>Anna V. Protasio</p></li></ol><span>Authors</span><ol><li><span>Clement Goubert</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Rory J. Craig</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Agustin F. Bilat</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Valentina Peona</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Aaron A. Vogan</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Anna V. Protasio</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li></ol><h3>Corresponding author</h3><p>Correspondence to Anna V. Protasio.</p><p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons lic","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00266-2
Rodriguez, Matias, Makałowski, Wojciech
Transposable elements (TEs) are major genomic components in most eukaryotic genomes and play an important role in genome evolution. However, despite their relevance the identification of TEs is not an easy task and a number of tools were developed to tackle this problem. To better understand how they perform, we tested several widely used tools for de novo TE detection and compared their performance on both simulated data and well curated genomic sequences. As expected, tools that build TE-models performed better than k-mer counting ones, with RepeatModeler beating competitors in most datasets. However, there is a tendency for most tools to identify TE-regions in a fragmented manner and it is also frequent that small TEs or fragmented TEs are not detected. Consequently, the identification of TEs is still a challenging endeavor and it requires a significant manual curation by an experienced expert. The results will be helpful for identifying common issues associated with TE-annotation and for evaluating how comparable are the results obtained with different tools.
{"title":"Software evaluation for de novo detection of transposons","authors":"Rodriguez, Matias, Makałowski, Wojciech","doi":"10.1186/s13100-022-00266-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00266-2","url":null,"abstract":"Transposable elements (TEs) are major genomic components in most eukaryotic genomes and play an important role in genome evolution. However, despite their relevance the identification of TEs is not an easy task and a number of tools were developed to tackle this problem. To better understand how they perform, we tested several widely used tools for de novo TE detection and compared their performance on both simulated data and well curated genomic sequences. As expected, tools that build TE-models performed better than k-mer counting ones, with RepeatModeler beating competitors in most datasets. However, there is a tendency for most tools to identify TE-regions in a fragmented manner and it is also frequent that small TEs or fragmented TEs are not detected. Consequently, the identification of TEs is still a challenging endeavor and it requires a significant manual curation by an experienced expert. The results will be helpful for identifying common issues associated with TE-annotation and for evaluating how comparable are the results obtained with different tools.","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00269-z
Lingqi Kong, Karabi Saha, Yu-Chen Hu, Jada N. Tschetter, Chase E Habben, Leanne S. Whitmore, Chang-fu Yao, Xi A. Ge, Ping Ye, Simon J. Newkirk, Wenfeng An
{"title":"Subfamily-specific differential contribution of individual monomers and the tether sequence to mouse L1 promoter activity","authors":"Lingqi Kong, Karabi Saha, Yu-Chen Hu, Jada N. Tschetter, Chase E Habben, Leanne S. Whitmore, Chang-fu Yao, Xi A. Ge, Ping Ye, Simon J. Newkirk, Wenfeng An","doi":"10.1186/s13100-022-00269-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00269-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65814702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00270-6
Juan Paolo A. Sicat, Paul Visendi, Steven O. Sewe, S. Bouvaine, S. Seal
{"title":"Characterization of transposable elements within the Bemisia tabaci species complex","authors":"Juan Paolo A. Sicat, Paul Visendi, Steven O. Sewe, S. Bouvaine, S. Seal","doi":"10.1186/s13100-022-00270-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00270-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65814761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.18.488675
G. M. Pasquesi, Conor J. Kelly, Andrea D. Ordonez, E. Chuong
Background Bats are a major reservoir of zoonotic viruses, and there has been growing interest in characterizing bat-specific features of innate immunity and inflammation. Recent studies have revealed bat-specific adaptations affecting interferon (IFN) signaling and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), but we still have a limited understanding of the genetic mechanisms that have shaped the evolution of bat immunity. Here we investigated the transcriptional and epigenetic dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) during the type I IFN response in little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus ) primary embryonic fibroblast cells, using RNA-seq and CUT&RUN. Results We found multiple bat-specific TEs that undergo both locus-specific and family-level transcriptional induction in response to IFN. Our transcriptome reassembly identified multiple ISGs that have acquired novel exons from bat-specific TEs, including NLRC5 , SLNF5 and a previously unannotated isoform of the IFITM2 gene. We also identified examples of TE-derived regulatory elements, but did not find strong evidence supporting genome-wide epigenetic activation of TEs in response to IFN. Conclusion Collectively, our study uncovers numerous TE-derived transcripts, proteins, and alternative isoforms that are induced by IFN in Myotis lucifugus cells, highlighting candidate loci that may contribute to bat-specific immune function.
{"title":"Transcriptional dynamics of transposable elements in the type I IFN response in Myotis lucifugus cells","authors":"G. M. Pasquesi, Conor J. Kelly, Andrea D. Ordonez, E. Chuong","doi":"10.1101/2022.04.18.488675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.18.488675","url":null,"abstract":"Background Bats are a major reservoir of zoonotic viruses, and there has been growing interest in characterizing bat-specific features of innate immunity and inflammation. Recent studies have revealed bat-specific adaptations affecting interferon (IFN) signaling and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), but we still have a limited understanding of the genetic mechanisms that have shaped the evolution of bat immunity. Here we investigated the transcriptional and epigenetic dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) during the type I IFN response in little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus ) primary embryonic fibroblast cells, using RNA-seq and CUT&RUN. Results We found multiple bat-specific TEs that undergo both locus-specific and family-level transcriptional induction in response to IFN. Our transcriptome reassembly identified multiple ISGs that have acquired novel exons from bat-specific TEs, including NLRC5 , SLNF5 and a previously unannotated isoform of the IFITM2 gene. We also identified examples of TE-derived regulatory elements, but did not find strong evidence supporting genome-wide epigenetic activation of TEs in response to IFN. Conclusion Collectively, our study uncovers numerous TE-derived transcripts, proteins, and alternative isoforms that are induced by IFN in Myotis lucifugus cells, highlighting candidate loci that may contribute to bat-specific immune function.","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47153365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00268-0
Yan, Jiaxiu, Zhao, Yifei, Du, Juan, Wang, Yu, Wang, Shaohua, Wang, Qing, Zhao, Xu, Xu, Wei, Zhao, Ke
Type 1 long interspersed elements, or LINE-1, are the only retroelements that replicate autonomously in human cells. The retrotransposition process of LINE-1 can trigger the activation of the innate immune system and has been proposed to play a role in the development of several autoimmune diseases, including Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). In contrast, all known AGS-associated proteins, except MDA5, have been reported to affect LINE-1 activity. Thus, MDA5 is likely to also function as a LINE-1 suppressor. MDA5 was found to potently suppress LINE-1 activity in a reporter-based LINE-1 retrotransposition assay. Although MDA5 is an endogenous RNA sensor able to activate the innate immune system, increased interferon (IFN) expression only contributed in part to MDA5-mediated LINE-1 suppression. Instead, MDA5 potently regulated the promoter activity of LINE-1 5′-UTR, as confirmed by transiently expressed myc-tagged MDA5 or knockdown of endogenous MDA5 expression. Consequently, MDA5 effectively reduced the generation of LINE-1 RNA and the subsequent expression of LINE-1 ORF1p and ORF2p. Interestingly, despite MDA5 being a multi-domain protein, the N-terminal 2CARD domain alone is sufficient to interact with LINE-1 5′-UTR and inhibit LINE-1 promoter activity. Our data reveal that MDA5 functions as a promoter regulator; it directly binds to the LINE-1 5′-UTR and suppresses its promoter activity. Consequently, MDA5 reduces LINE-1 RNA and protein levels, and ultimately inhibits LINE-1 retrotransposition. In contrast, MDA5-induced IFN expression only plays a mild role in MDA5-mediated LINE-1 suppression. In addition, the N-terminal 2CARD domain was found to be a functional region for MDA5 upon inhibition of LINE-1 replication. Thus, our data suggest that besides being an initiator of the innate immune system, MDA5 is also an effector against LINE-1 activity, potentially forming a feedback loop by suppressing LINE-1-induced innate immune activation.
{"title":"RNA sensor MDA5 suppresses LINE-1 retrotransposition by regulating the promoter activity of LINE-1 5′-UTR","authors":"Yan, Jiaxiu, Zhao, Yifei, Du, Juan, Wang, Yu, Wang, Shaohua, Wang, Qing, Zhao, Xu, Xu, Wei, Zhao, Ke","doi":"10.1186/s13100-022-00268-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00268-0","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 long interspersed elements, or LINE-1, are the only retroelements that replicate autonomously in human cells. The retrotransposition process of LINE-1 can trigger the activation of the innate immune system and has been proposed to play a role in the development of several autoimmune diseases, including Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). In contrast, all known AGS-associated proteins, except MDA5, have been reported to affect LINE-1 activity. Thus, MDA5 is likely to also function as a LINE-1 suppressor. MDA5 was found to potently suppress LINE-1 activity in a reporter-based LINE-1 retrotransposition assay. Although MDA5 is an endogenous RNA sensor able to activate the innate immune system, increased interferon (IFN) expression only contributed in part to MDA5-mediated LINE-1 suppression. Instead, MDA5 potently regulated the promoter activity of LINE-1 5′-UTR, as confirmed by transiently expressed myc-tagged MDA5 or knockdown of endogenous MDA5 expression. Consequently, MDA5 effectively reduced the generation of LINE-1 RNA and the subsequent expression of LINE-1 ORF1p and ORF2p. Interestingly, despite MDA5 being a multi-domain protein, the N-terminal 2CARD domain alone is sufficient to interact with LINE-1 5′-UTR and inhibit LINE-1 promoter activity. Our data reveal that MDA5 functions as a promoter regulator; it directly binds to the LINE-1 5′-UTR and suppresses its promoter activity. Consequently, MDA5 reduces LINE-1 RNA and protein levels, and ultimately inhibits LINE-1 retrotransposition. In contrast, MDA5-induced IFN expression only plays a mild role in MDA5-mediated LINE-1 suppression. In addition, the N-terminal 2CARD domain was found to be a functional region for MDA5 upon inhibition of LINE-1 replication. Thus, our data suggest that besides being an initiator of the innate immune system, MDA5 is also an effector against LINE-1 activity, potentially forming a feedback loop by suppressing LINE-1-induced innate immune activation.","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00264-4
Scott J Teresi, Michael B. Teresi, P. Edger
{"title":"TE Density: a tool to investigate the biology of transposable elements","authors":"Scott J Teresi, Michael B. Teresi, P. Edger","doi":"10.1186/s13100-022-00264-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00264-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65814689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We carry out a review of the history and biological activities of one domesticated gene in higher primates, SETMAR, by discussing current controversies. Our purpose is to open a new outlook that will serve as a framework for future work about SETMAR, possibly in the field of cognition development. What is newly important about SETMAR can be summarized as follows: (1) the whole protein sequence is under strong purifying pressure; (2) its role is to strengthen existing biological functions rather than to provide new ones; (3) it displays a tissue-specific pattern of expression, at least for the alternative-splicing it undergoes. Studies reported here demonstrate that SETMAR protein(s) may be involved in essential networks regulating replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, during embryogenesis, SETMAR appears to contribute to brain development. Our review underlines for the first time that SETMAR directly interacts with genes involved in brain functions related to vocalization and vocal learning. These findings pave the way for future works regarding SETMAR and the development of cognitive abilities in higher primates.
{"title":"SETMAR, a case of primate co-opted genes: towards new perspectives","authors":"Lié, Oriane, Renault, Sylvaine, Augé-Gouillou, Corinne","doi":"10.1186/s13100-022-00267-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-022-00267-1","url":null,"abstract":"We carry out a review of the history and biological activities of one domesticated gene in higher primates, SETMAR, by discussing current controversies. Our purpose is to open a new outlook that will serve as a framework for future work about SETMAR, possibly in the field of cognition development. What is newly important about SETMAR can be summarized as follows: (1) the whole protein sequence is under strong purifying pressure; (2) its role is to strengthen existing biological functions rather than to provide new ones; (3) it displays a tissue-specific pattern of expression, at least for the alternative-splicing it undergoes. Studies reported here demonstrate that SETMAR protein(s) may be involved in essential networks regulating replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, during embryogenesis, SETMAR appears to contribute to brain development. Our review underlines for the first time that SETMAR directly interacts with genes involved in brain functions related to vocalization and vocal learning. These findings pave the way for future works regarding SETMAR and the development of cognitive abilities in higher primates.","PeriodicalId":18854,"journal":{"name":"Mobile DNA","volume":"14 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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