Shoto Fukui, Mia Hamada, Taiki Kusano, Shohei Kodera, Rikimaru Tanigo, Kazuaki Tanaka, N. Oka, Yukiko Nishizaki
There are many researches that devise the appearance of agents that recommend products, but there are not many researches that focus on the environment in which a robot and a person interact. In this research, we examined whether there are differences in the impression on the robot and the change in the degree of interest in the product under the face-to-face condition and the 90° condition when the robot explains the product. As a result, there was no significant difference in the degree of interest in the products between the two conditions, but in the evaluation of the impression on the robot, it was found that the 90° condition was more likely to be felt as 'obedient" and "humorous" significantly. Therefore, it was found that although the 90° condition gives a better impression on the robot than the face-to-face condition, it does not affect the degree of interest in the product explained by the robot.
{"title":"Sales Talk of a Robot at a Flanking Position Gives Positive Impressions to a Human Customer","authors":"Shoto Fukui, Mia Hamada, Taiki Kusano, Shohei Kodera, Rikimaru Tanigo, Kazuaki Tanaka, N. Oka, Yukiko Nishizaki","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3352804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3352804","url":null,"abstract":"There are many researches that devise the appearance of agents that recommend products, but there are not many researches that focus on the environment in which a robot and a person interact. In this research, we examined whether there are differences in the impression on the robot and the change in the degree of interest in the product under the face-to-face condition and the 90° condition when the robot explains the product. As a result, there was no significant difference in the degree of interest in the products between the two conditions, but in the evaluation of the impression on the robot, it was found that the 90° condition was more likely to be felt as 'obedient\" and \"humorous\" significantly. Therefore, it was found that although the 90° condition gives a better impression on the robot than the face-to-face condition, it does not affect the degree of interest in the product explained by the robot.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122486075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated whether Japanese adults' beliefs about friendship and morality toward robots differing in appearance (i.e., humanoid, dog-like, and egg-shaped) related to their animism tendencies and empathy. University students responded to questionnaires regarding three animism tendencies (i.e., general animism or a tendency to believe souls or gods in nonliving things, aliveness animism or a tendency to consider nonliving things as live entities, and agentic animisms or a tendency to attribute biological, artifactual, psychological, perceptual, and naming properties) and empathy. We found that friendship and morality were related to slightly different animism tendencies and empathy even though they shared some major factors. Aliveness animism, as well as a tendency to attribute perceptual and name properties toward robots, might be necessary for an individual to believe that robots could be social agents. Participants who responded that robots could be their friends showed a tendency to feel a soul in manmade objects and a strong self-oriented emotional reactivity, whereas participants who answered that robots were moral beings showed a tendency to exhibit strong emotional susceptibility. We discuss implications of these results and reasons why people feel that robots have a mind or consciousness.
{"title":"The Role of Animism Tendencies and Empathy in Adult Evaluations of Robot","authors":"M. Okanda, Kosuke Taniguchi, S. Itakura","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3351891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3351891","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated whether Japanese adults' beliefs about friendship and morality toward robots differing in appearance (i.e., humanoid, dog-like, and egg-shaped) related to their animism tendencies and empathy. University students responded to questionnaires regarding three animism tendencies (i.e., general animism or a tendency to believe souls or gods in nonliving things, aliveness animism or a tendency to consider nonliving things as live entities, and agentic animisms or a tendency to attribute biological, artifactual, psychological, perceptual, and naming properties) and empathy. We found that friendship and morality were related to slightly different animism tendencies and empathy even though they shared some major factors. Aliveness animism, as well as a tendency to attribute perceptual and name properties toward robots, might be necessary for an individual to believe that robots could be social agents. Participants who responded that robots could be their friends showed a tendency to feel a soul in manmade objects and a strong self-oriented emotional reactivity, whereas participants who answered that robots were moral beings showed a tendency to exhibit strong emotional susceptibility. We discuss implications of these results and reasons why people feel that robots have a mind or consciousness.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123344755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pimwalun Witchawanitchanun, Zeynep Yücel, Akito Monden, P. Leelaprute
This study explores estimation of grasping region of objects from gaze data. Our study distinguishes from previous works by accounting for "grasping uniformity" of the objects. In particular, we consider three types of graspable objects: (i) with a well-defined graspable part (e.g. handle), (ii) without a grip but with an intuitive grasping region, (iii) without any grip or intuitive grasping region. We assume that these types define how "uniform" grasping region is across different graspers. In experiments, we use "Learning to grasp" data set and apply the method of [Pramot et al. 2018] for estimating grasping region from gaze data. We compute similarity of estimations and ground truth annotations for the three types of objects regarding subjects (a) who perform free viewing and (b) who view the images with the intention of grasping. In line with many previous studies, similarity is found to be higher for non-graspers. An interesting finding is that the difference in similarity (between free viewing and motivated to grasp) is higher for type-iii objects; and comparable for type-i and ii objects. Based on this, we believe that estimation of grasping region from gaze data offers a larger potential to "learn" particularly grasping of type-iii objects.
本研究探讨了从凝视数据中估计物体的抓取区域。我们的研究区别于以往的工作，考虑到物体的“抓握均匀性”。特别地，我们考虑了三种类型的可抓取对象:(i)具有明确定义的可抓取部分(例如手柄)，(ii)没有手柄但具有直观抓取区域，(iii)没有任何手柄或直观抓取区域。我们假设这些类型定义了不同抓取器之间的“均匀”抓取区域。在实验中，我们使用“学习抓取”数据集，并应用[Pramot et al. 2018]的方法从凝视数据中估计抓取区域。我们计算了三种类型对象的相似度估计和地面真值注释，涉及受试者(a)执行自由观看和(b)以抓取意图观看图像。与之前的许多研究一致，发现非抓取者的相似性更高。一个有趣的发现是，第三类物体的相似性差异(在自由观看和主动抓取之间)更大;对于i型和ii型对象是可比较的。基于此，我们认为从凝视数据中估计抓取区域提供了更大的“学习”潜力，特别是对iii类物体的抓取。
{"title":"Effect of Grasping Uniformity on Estimation of Grasping Region from Gaze Data","authors":"Pimwalun Witchawanitchanun, Zeynep Yücel, Akito Monden, P. Leelaprute","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3352787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3352787","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores estimation of grasping region of objects from gaze data. Our study distinguishes from previous works by accounting for \"grasping uniformity\" of the objects. In particular, we consider three types of graspable objects: (i) with a well-defined graspable part (e.g. handle), (ii) without a grip but with an intuitive grasping region, (iii) without any grip or intuitive grasping region. We assume that these types define how \"uniform\" grasping region is across different graspers. In experiments, we use \"Learning to grasp\" data set and apply the method of [Pramot et al. 2018] for estimating grasping region from gaze data. We compute similarity of estimations and ground truth annotations for the three types of objects regarding subjects (a) who perform free viewing and (b) who view the images with the intention of grasping. In line with many previous studies, similarity is found to be higher for non-graspers. An interesting finding is that the difference in similarity (between free viewing and motivated to grasp) is higher for type-iii objects; and comparable for type-i and ii objects. Based on this, we believe that estimation of grasping region from gaze data offers a larger potential to \"learn\" particularly grasping of type-iii objects.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131886426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Appropriate amount of exercise is important to keep being healthy of users. However, most users do not be motivated to begin their exercise. Furthermore, even if they begin to do their exercise, it is difficult to keep doing it. This paper proposes a system to motivate users to do an exercise and keep doing that depending on both users' and environmental conditions. Main target user of the proposed system is who knows doing exercise is important for the health but who rarely has chance to begin exercise.
{"title":"A Human-Agent Interaction System to Motivate the User to Keep Doing an Exercise","authors":"Ryosuke Fujita, Yu Shibuya","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3352800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3352800","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriate amount of exercise is important to keep being healthy of users. However, most users do not be motivated to begin their exercise. Furthermore, even if they begin to do their exercise, it is difficult to keep doing it. This paper proposes a system to motivate users to do an exercise and keep doing that depending on both users' and environmental conditions. Main target user of the proposed system is who knows doing exercise is important for the health but who rarely has chance to begin exercise.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121951764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to design social agents for long term interactions, it is important to enable them to adapt to the users. In this paper, we chose personality as a medium for adaptation. We conducted a study with 20 participants who watched a story presented by a virtual character in one of two conditions: extroverted or introverted. The study aimed at assessing the impacts of matching the personality of the user with the virtual character through body language on the likability of the character and the information recall of the story. Our findings do not appear to coincide with theoretical expectations since the extroverted character had higher ratings of likability regardless of the personality of the user. Results have also shown a marginal positive effect of the encounter with the introverted character in terms of memory recall. We discuss the important implications that these results may have in the future for human agent interaction design.
{"title":"Rock Your Story: Effects of Adapting Personality Behavior through Body Movement on Story Recall","authors":"Maha Elgarf, Christopher E. Peters","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3352779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3352779","url":null,"abstract":"In order to design social agents for long term interactions, it is important to enable them to adapt to the users. In this paper, we chose personality as a medium for adaptation. We conducted a study with 20 participants who watched a story presented by a virtual character in one of two conditions: extroverted or introverted. The study aimed at assessing the impacts of matching the personality of the user with the virtual character through body language on the likability of the character and the information recall of the story. Our findings do not appear to coincide with theoretical expectations since the extroverted character had higher ratings of likability regardless of the personality of the user. Results have also shown a marginal positive effect of the encounter with the introverted character in terms of memory recall. We discuss the important implications that these results may have in the future for human agent interaction design.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"14 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116813576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous research has shown that female students sometimes benefit more than males when it comes to interacting with pedagogical agents. In our analysis we examined students' tendency to attend to and read feedback text that were visually signalled by a teachable agent (TA), or by an arrow (AR), or non-signalled in a control condition (CN). The results indicate that male learners may benefit from having a TA signalling such feedback texts. The female learners in the study allocated their attention quite similarly between the three different signaling conditions whereas the male learners were most likely to attend to the feedback when presented by their TA. However, for reading the feedback text, both male and female students were more inclined to read the feedback texts when presented by their TA, compared to in the two other conditions.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Allocation of Attention and Read Time in an Educational History Game","authors":"Betty Tärning, Trond A. Tjøstheim","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3352774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3352774","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that female students sometimes benefit more than males when it comes to interacting with pedagogical agents. In our analysis we examined students' tendency to attend to and read feedback text that were visually signalled by a teachable agent (TA), or by an arrow (AR), or non-signalled in a control condition (CN). The results indicate that male learners may benefit from having a TA signalling such feedback texts. The female learners in the study allocated their attention quite similarly between the three different signaling conditions whereas the male learners were most likely to attend to the feedback when presented by their TA. However, for reading the feedback text, both male and female students were more inclined to read the feedback texts when presented by their TA, compared to in the two other conditions.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115388253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuma Nagashima, J. Morita, Yugo Takeuchi, Y. Ohmoto
In the field of Human-Agent Interaction (HAI), continuation of interaction is one of the main areas of research. If the behavior of the agent is too predictable, humans stop interacting with it when they get bored. In this study, we aim to build agents that people want to keep interacting with, by employing the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture. As a preliminary step, we attempt to clarify the conditions required to maintain interaction between humans and agents, by modeling the experiences of fun and boredom based on intrinsic motivation.
{"title":"Cognitive Modeling of Intrinsic Motivation for Long-Term Interaction","authors":"Kazuma Nagashima, J. Morita, Yugo Takeuchi, Y. Ohmoto","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3352805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3352805","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of Human-Agent Interaction (HAI), continuation of interaction is one of the main areas of research. If the behavior of the agent is too predictable, humans stop interacting with it when they get bored. In this study, we aim to build agents that people want to keep interacting with, by employing the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture. As a preliminary step, we attempt to clarify the conditions required to maintain interaction between humans and agents, by modeling the experiences of fun and boredom based on intrinsic motivation.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124121017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Zawieska, Jessica Sorenson, C. Hasse, Sebastian Madsen, Katie Davis, Alejandra Gomez
This paper belongs to the area of roboethics and responsible robotics. It discusses the conceptual and practical separation of humans and robots in designing and implementing robots into real-world environments. We argue here that humans are often seen as a component that is only optional in design thinking, and in some cases even an obstacle to the success of robot performance. Such an approach may vary from viewing humans as a factor that does not belong to the robotics domain, through attempts to 'adjust' humans to robot requirements and to the overall replacement of humans with robots. Such separation or exclusion of humans poses serious ethical challenges, including the very exclusion of ethics from our thinking about robots.
{"title":"Human-Robot Dichotomy","authors":"K. Zawieska, Jessica Sorenson, C. Hasse, Sebastian Madsen, Katie Davis, Alejandra Gomez","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3352801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3352801","url":null,"abstract":"This paper belongs to the area of roboethics and responsible robotics. It discusses the conceptual and practical separation of humans and robots in designing and implementing robots into real-world environments. We argue here that humans are often seen as a component that is only optional in design thinking, and in some cases even an obstacle to the success of robot performance. Such an approach may vary from viewing humans as a factor that does not belong to the robotics domain, through attempts to 'adjust' humans to robot requirements and to the overall replacement of humans with robots. Such separation or exclusion of humans poses serious ethical challenges, including the very exclusion of ethics from our thinking about robots.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126583445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims at the emotional expression of a robotic hand through various gripping manners on the user's hand. The proposed system is implemented with a robotic hand's various haptic actuators to realize the change of the fingers' gripping force and the robotic hand's holding duration so that the user can haptically estimate the emotion of the robot. The system is expected to provide stress relief or emotional stability, especially for elderly or challenged people. Our experiments showed that the stronger gripping force was perceived as more hypersensitive and higher affinity and that a longer grasping time increased the higher affinity.
{"title":"Emotional Gripping Expression of a Robotic Hand as Physical Contact","authors":"Xiaoshun Meng, Naoto Yoshida, Xin Wan, Tomoko Yonezawa","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3351884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3351884","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims at the emotional expression of a robotic hand through various gripping manners on the user's hand. The proposed system is implemented with a robotic hand's various haptic actuators to realize the change of the fingers' gripping force and the robotic hand's holding duration so that the user can haptically estimate the emotion of the robot. The system is expected to provide stress relief or emotional stability, especially for elderly or challenged people. Our experiments showed that the stronger gripping force was perceived as more hypersensitive and higher affinity and that a longer grasping time increased the higher affinity.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122270273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exploring how users behave when they interact with a conversational agent has been a popular research topic recently. However, very few studies have focused on the unique features of old people's interaction with an agent. In this paper, we report the results of interviews conducted with 19 participants, with ages comprised between 30 and 70 years. The interviews were conducted after the participants used the conversational agent, "Clova" for two weeks. During the interview, the subjects were asked about the frequently used functions and the satisfying and unsatisfying aspects of the agent. In this study, the participants with ages of 50 years or older were classified as older adults, while those under the age of 50 were classified as younger adults. Then we compared the characteristics of these two user groups by conducting a text analysis of the interview script. Our finding indicated that, older adults tended to personify the agent more by using polite words such as 'Grateful', while younger adults tended to consider it as a tool by placing more importance on its convenience; Also, older adults perceived the music function as having a high importance compared to the younger adults.
{"title":"Elderly Users' Interaction with Conversational Agent","authors":"Kyungjin Chung, Y. Oh, Da-Young Ju","doi":"10.1145/3349537.3352791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349537.3352791","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring how users behave when they interact with a conversational agent has been a popular research topic recently. However, very few studies have focused on the unique features of old people's interaction with an agent. In this paper, we report the results of interviews conducted with 19 participants, with ages comprised between 30 and 70 years. The interviews were conducted after the participants used the conversational agent, \"Clova\" for two weeks. During the interview, the subjects were asked about the frequently used functions and the satisfying and unsatisfying aspects of the agent. In this study, the participants with ages of 50 years or older were classified as older adults, while those under the age of 50 were classified as younger adults. Then we compared the characteristics of these two user groups by conducting a text analysis of the interview script. Our finding indicated that, older adults tended to personify the agent more by using polite words such as 'Grateful', while younger adults tended to consider it as a tool by placing more importance on its convenience; Also, older adults perceived the music function as having a high importance compared to the younger adults.","PeriodicalId":188834,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130692118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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