Nature and Science of Sleep最新文献

Introduction: Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) frequently experience sleep disturbances and mental health disorders. Given the adverse effects of relevant pharmacological treatments, acupressure has been explored as a potential alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupressure in improving sleep quality, mental health, and related outcomes in patients undergoing HD.

Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic search across seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) from inception to March 2025. We included trials comparing acupressure (including auricular acupressure) with medication or waiting-list controls in patients with HD.

Results: Twenty-seven studies involving 2037 participants were included in the statistical analysis. Compared to waiting-list, moderate certainty evidence suggests that acupressure probably improves sleep quality (weighted mean difference (WMD) -3.51 points on the 21-point Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.14 to -2.89) and quality of life (WMD 9.66 points on the 100-point SF-36 scale, 95% CI 6.65 to 12.66); low certainty evidence suggests that acupressure may have little impact on sleep duration, mental health, and social functioning. Compared to medication treatment, low to very low certainty evidence suggests that acupressure may have little impact on sleep quality, social functioning, and sleep duration. Based on very limited evidence from only one study, there may be little to no difference in adverse effects between acupressure and medication groups (risk ratios (RR) 0.21, 95% CI 0.01 to 4.27).

Conclusion: Compared to the waiting-list, acupressure likely improves sleep quality and quality of life, while having a minimal impact on mental health, sleep duration, and social functioning in HD patients. However, its benefits over those of other medications remain unclear.

Systematic review registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, ID: CRD420251010657.

Purpose: Night shift work has been identified as a significant risk factor for various health issues, particularly among women, whose vulnerability to poor sleep quality may be exacerbated by sociocultural and occupational dynamics. In this study, we examined the association between night shift work and poor sleep quality among female workers.

Patients and methods: This repeated cross-sectional study is part of a broader investigation entitled "Health Conditions of Female Shift Workers: A Longitudinal Occupational Health Study" (ELO SAÚDE). The study was conducted among adult female factory workers employed by the same industrial group in southern Brazil, with data collected in 2017 (n = 394) and 2022 (n = 399). Poor sleep quality was defined as a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score > 5. Night shift work was characterized by work schedules starting and ending between 10:00 PM and 6:00 AM. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance.

Results: The mean age of participants was 35.8 ± 9.1 years in 2017 and 34.2 ± 9.9 years in 2022. The prevalence of poor sleep quality increased significantly from 58.3% (95% CI: 53.4-63.2%) in 2017 to 67.7% (95% CI: 63.0-72.3%) in 2022 (p = 0.007). After adjusting for potential confounders, night shift work was associated with a 30% higher prevalence of poor sleep quality in 2017 (PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10-1.55; p = 0.002) and 25% higher in 2022 (PR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.10-1.43; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Poor sleep quality remains highly prevalent and significantly associated with night shift work among female workers, with a notable increase over time. Thus, interventions focused on enhancing sleep hygiene and optimizing shift schedules are warranted in this population.

Purpose: Daytime workers/learners report reduction of sleep duration on weekdays. However, this reduction can be partially compensated by an advance in circadian sleep timing caused by an advance in the phase of the circadian clock. This advance occurs in response to an advance in the 24-h pattern of exposure to light emitted by natural and artificial light sources. It is difficult to separate health impacts of weekday sleep reduction and weekday-weekend shifts in the circadian phase in human studies. Therefore, an animal model can be used to clarify the impact of these shifts. A limited number of previous studies on insects and rodents have yielded conflicting results. We used a Drosophila model to document the effects of weekday-weekend shifts in the dark-light cycle on sleep, development, and survival.

Methods: Locomotor activity and sleep, fecundity, rate of imago emergence, and longevity were assessed under two pairs of control and experimental conditions in two generations of flies from two melanogaster strains with faster and slower speeds of the aging process, Harwich and Canton-S, respectively.

Results: At least in one of these two pairs with the 4-h weekday-weekend shifts in the light/dark regimen as experimental condition, significant differences from the control condition were documented for the levels of locomotor activity and sleep, rate of development from eggs to imago, and longevity. In this experimental condition, two generations of Canton-S but not Harwich flies slept longer on weekdays than the control flies. Moreover, flies of both strains developed longer to imago stage and lived longer than the control flies in this experimental condition. Overall, any of such differences between conditions in lifespan and sleep were beneficial for the experimental flies.

Conclusion: It is unlikely that the light-induced 4-h weekday-weekend shifts in circadian timing are detrimental to survival, reproductive health, and sleep in Drosophila melanogaster.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on myocardial injury in sleep deprived mice, and explore the possible causative role.

Methods: Forty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=8/group): control (Ctrl), sleep deprivation for 7 or 28 days (SD7, SD28), and sleep deprivation with daily 7% weight-bearing exhaustion swimming for 7 or 28 days (SD+ES7, SD+ES28). Mental behavior was observed, cardiac markers were analyzed through blood biochemistry, and myocardial structures were examined using H&E staining.

Results: Compared to the Ctrl group, mice in each experimental group showed reduced body weight (p < 0.001). The levels of alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were significantly higher in the SD7 group (p < 0.01) and lower in the SD+ES7 group. Regarding creatine kinase expression, it was elevated in the SD7, SD28 and SD+ES28 groups (p < 0.05), but lower in the SD+ES7. Creatine kinase-MB was notably higher in the SD7 group (p < 0.01), and significantly reduced in the SD+ES7, SD28, and SD+ES28 groups (p < 0.01). High-sensitivity troponin T level was significantly higher only in the SD7 group (p < 0.01). Histological examination by H&E staining revealed varying degrees of cardiomyocyte swelling, morphological changes, widened intercellular spaces, disordered arrangement of myocardial fibers and infiltration of inflammatory cells in all experimental groups. Importantly, compared to the SD group at the corresponding time point, the SD+ES group showed attenuated pathological changes, with reduced myocardial edema. However, the SD+ES28 group still exhibited some inflammatory cell infiltration and perinuclear blank areas.

Conclusion: Sleep deprivation can cause myocardial ischemic injury and structural changes in cardiomyocytes, which is most prominent biochemically in the initial week. Daily exhaustion swimming, as an aerobic exercise, may have a short-term protective effect on the myocardium. With prolonged sleep deprivation, the compensatory mechanism of aerobic exercise may be exhausted.

Purpose: Adolescent suicide has emerged as a global public health concern. Among various risk factors for suicide, sleep-particularly sleep timing-is valuable for its modifiability. However, the relationship between sleep timing and suicidality remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep timing and suicidal ideation among Korean adolescents.

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 759,350 adolescents who participated in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2007 to 2019. Self-reported weekday sleep timing (categorized by "go-to-bed" times from 8 PM to 3 AM) and suicidal ideation were analyzed. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between sleep timing and suicidal ideation, adjusting for potential confounders, including sleep duration, sleep quality, and depressive mood.

Results: Of the 759,350 adolescents, 17.4% reported suicidal ideation. Using 11 PM as the reference, both the early sleep timing (8 PM: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.29-1.84) and late sleep timing (3 AM: OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 2.09-2.26) were associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation, demonstrating a J-shaped relationship. This independent association remained after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, sleep duration, sleep quality, and depressive mood. The J-shaped pattern appeared consistently across sex and school level. Age-stratified analyses also showed a consistent J-shaped pattern across all ages, with the nadir shifting slightly later with age (from 10 PM in younger adolescents to midnight in older adolescents).

Conclusion: A J-shaped association between sleep timing and suicidal ideation was observed after controlling for sleep duration, sleep quality, and depressive mood. These findings indicate that sleep timing may serve as a candidate behavioral marker associated with suicidal ideation. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are warranted to confirm temporality and clarify underlying mechanisms.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder in children, with adenoid hypertrophy was recognized as the main cause. While ferroptosis has been linked to adult OSA, its role in children with adenoid hypertrophy remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the potential role of ferroptosis in pediatric OSA-associated adenoid hypertrophy.

Methods: We conducted RNA sequencing on adenoid tissues from children with OSA stratified by severity (mild-to-moderate, n=9; severe, n=9). Hub genes were identified by integrating differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with ferroptosis-related genes and constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. We further validated these findings in an independent cohort and primary cells.

Results: KEGG enrichment analysis revealed significant alterations in ferroptosis-related pathways, including p53 signaling pathway and Glutathione metabolism (p < 0.05). We identified 108 ferroptosis-related DEGs (fold change: 0.45-6.42, adjusted p < 0.05) and subsequently pinpointed 8 hub genes through PPI network construction and Cytoscape analysis (fold change:0.61-1.81, adjusted p < 0.05). In clinical sample validation, mild-to-moderate tissues exhibited significant activation of ferroptosis. With the exception of PLA2G7, the expression trends of the other 7 hub DEGs were consistent with the findings from bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, ferroptosis inducers significantly suppressed the proliferation of adenoid primary cells in vitro (inhibition rate ≈70%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: This study helps us better understand how ferroptosis contributes to adenoid hypertrophy in children with OSA and also suggests that ferroptosis activation may attenuate disease advancement. Furthermore, the 7 hub genes are proposed as potential biomarkers and drug-binding targets.

Purpose: Sleep of sufficient duration and quality is crucial for physical and mental health and performance. In modern urban society, work-related factors such as perceived workload and limited sleep duration on workdays appear to have a significant impact on sleep and well-being. Our current study examines both subjective and objective measures of sleep on workdays and work-free, as well as their associations.

Methods: The study combines questionnaires and longitudinal wearable (Fitbit Inspire 2) sleep data from young, healthy adults (aged 18-48 years) in a German metropolitan region (n = 67). Associations were investigated by Spearman correlation analyses with a 95% confidence interval.

Results: Perceived workload was associated with symptoms of depression/anxiety, daytime dysfunction, as well as subjective sleep quality, in particular on workdays. Sleep and sleep stages were objectively longer and later on work-free days than on work-days. Likewise, objective sleep efficiency and subjective sleep quality were higher on work-free days. Longer sleep duration, thus sleep compensation, on work-free days was associated with subjectively more restful and better sleep, and objectively with later phase and a higher proportion of REM sleep.

Conclusion: These data suggest that work-related sleep loss should be avoided whenever possible or at least compensated for on work-free days in order to achieve not only sufficient sleep duration but also good sleep quality, which is pivotal for mental health and performance.

Purpose: Background: Sleep is essential for both physical and cognitive functioning. Magnesium, a vital mineral, plays a key role in sleep regulation. Adequate sleep and sufficient magnesium intake are critical for university students' overall well-being, academic performance, and long-term health. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary magnesium intake and sleep quality in university students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted using an electronic questionnaire distributed to 1206 university students in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia via social media. Data were collected from December 2023 to March 2024 over a 3-month period. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and magnesium intake was evaluated using a magnesium food frequency questionnaire (MgFFQ).

Results: Of 1206 participants, 305 met the inclusion criteria, of which 69% were female. A significant association was observed between shorter sleep duration (<5 h) and lower monthly magnesium intake (p = 0.008). Daytime dysfunction was also significantly associated with a low monthly magnesium intake (p = 0.009). The median PSQI score was significantly higher in females than males (p = 0.038).

Conclusion: Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with better sleep quality, longer sleep duration, and reduced daytime dysfunction, highlighting the potential benefits of magnesium-rich diets for sleep health. Importantly, a significant sex disparity was observed in this university cohort, where females demonstrated poorer sleep quality than males. Therefore, dietary awareness programs that promote magnesium-rich food sources should be incorporated into student health initiatives to support improved sleep quality.