Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccines in Children in the United States - VISION, August 29, 2024-September 2, 2025.","authors":"Stephanie A Irving,Elizabeth A K Rowley,Sean Chickery,Karthik Natarajan,Nicola P Klein,Shaun J Grannis,Toan C Ong,Sarah W Ball,Malini B DeSilva,Kristin Dascomb,Allison L Naleway,Melissa S Stockwell,Ashley B Stephens,Ousseny Zerbo,John Hansen,Lawrence Block,Karen B Jacobson,Brian E Dixon,Colin Rogerson,Tom Duszynski,Michelle A Barron,David Mayer,Catia Chavez,Zachary A Weber,Sarah E Reese,Inih Essien,Tamara Sheffield,Daniel Bride,Julie Arndorfer,Josh Van Otterloo,Padma Koppolu,Josephine Mak,Amber Kautz,Jennifer DeCuir,Ryan E Wiegand,Amanda B Payne,Ruth Link-Gelles","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7440a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7440a1","url":null,"abstract":"During September 2023-August 2024, approximately 38,000 COVID-19-associated hospitalizations occurred among children and adolescents aged <18 years in the United States, a rate of approximately 53 per 100,000 children, ranging from 600 per 100,000 children aged <6 months to 21 per 100,000 children and adolescents aged 5-17 years. On June 27, 2024, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that all persons aged ≥6 months receive a 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine, which targeted Omicron JN.1 and JN.1-derived sublineages. Investigators used a test-negative case-control design to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department or urgent care (ED/UC) visits during August 29, 2024-September 2, 2025, among immunocompetent children aged 9 months-4 years and children and adolescents aged 5-17 years in the CDC-funded Virtual SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Other respiratory viruses Network (VISION), a multisite electronic health record-based network in nine states. Among children aged 9 months-4 years, VE against COVID-19-associated ED/UC visits was estimated at 76% (95% CI = 58%-87%) during the first 7-179 days after vaccination. Among children and adolescents aged 5-17 years, VE against COVID-19-associated ED/UC visits was an estimated 56% (95% CI = 35%-70%) during the first 7-179 days after vaccination. These findings suggest that vaccination with a 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine dose provided children with additional protection against COVID-19-associated ED/UC encounters compared with no 2024-2025 dose.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"8 1","pages":"607-614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Paraburkholderia in Clinical Specimens Associated with Use of Nonsterile Ultrasound Gel for Percutaneous Procedures - United States, Canada, and Israel, May 2023⎯April 2025.","authors":"Sarah Lim,Paula Snippes Vagnone,Natalie C Marshall,Christine Lees,Jennifer L Dale,Becky Smith,Elizabeth Palavecino,Ruth Lynfield,Annastasia Gross,Krista Knowles,Ayelet Michael-Gayego,Violeta Temper,Jacob Strahilevitz,Yonatan Oster,Daniel Grupel,Dan Reshef,Yair Motro,Petrus J van der Walt,Matthew A Croxen,Stephanie W Smith,Bonita Lee,Graham A Tipples,Bobby Warren,Jacob Moran-Gilad","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7440a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7440a2","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminated nonsterile ultrasound gels have been implicated in outbreaks of Burkholderia infections associated with improper infection control practices before or during percutaneous procedures. In August 2024, the Minnesota Department of Health Public Health Laboratory noticed an increase in Paraburkholderia fungorum or Paraburkholderia species identified from referred clinical isolates. All isolates were recovered from blood cultures, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) confirmed that the isolates were genetically related. Because P. fungorum is not an established human pathogen and has rarely been reported in clinical specimens, an investigation was initiated, which was later joined by collaborators in Canada and Israel after similar observations in those countries. Forty-two patients from the United States, Canada, and Israel with genetically linked P. fungorum isolated from clinical specimens collected during May 2023-April 2025 were identified. Positive cultures were associated with the use of nonsterile ultrasound gel. Based on medical record review, treating clinicians deemed the isolate a culture contaminant in most cases; one patient had a confirmed invasive P. fungorum infection. WGS confirmed the relatedness of isolates from all three countries, including isolates cultured from clinical specimens as well as from nonsterile ultrasound gel products. Review of local practices revealed use of nonsterile ultrasound gel during point-of-care percutaneous procedures, including drawing blood, placing intravenous catheters, and paracentesis. This investigation underscores the continued importance of sterile gel use during percutaneous procedures and highlights the value of collaboration and shared WGS data for the investigation of international outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"150 1","pages":"615-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies Cluster Among Steers on a Dairy Farm - Minnesota, 2024.","authors":"Carrie Klumb,Malia Ireland,Bonnie Miller,Erik Jopp,Betsy Lempelius,Albert Rovira,Hemant Naikare,Carly Bauer,Katie Harry,Scott A Cunningham,Gongping Liu,Thomas F Czeck,Ryan Wallace,Brian Hoefs,Stacy Holzbauer","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7440a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7440a3","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies clusters in domestic livestock are rare but can result in human exposure and economic loss for farmers. During a 4-week period in May 2024, five of 35 steers on a Minnesota dairy farm developed neurologic signs consistent with rabies. Three clinically ill steers were euthanized, and brain specimens were submitted for rabies testing. Direct fluorescent antibody testing and whole genome sequencing confirmed rabies virus (North Central Skunk variant) in all three steers. After identification of the first two rabid steers, the remaining animals were quarantined for 120 days and vaccinated against rabies; three additional steers became ill during quarantine and were euthanized. The Minnesota Department of Health and Minnesota Board of Animal Health investigated human and animal exposures through interviews and site visits. Five persons were recommended to receive rabies postexposure prophylaxis because of known or potential exposures. The outbreak likely resulted from a single rabid skunk biting multiple cattle housed in a small pen, although steer-to-steer transmission cannot be ruled out. In addition to the loss of livestock, direct medical and veterinary costs associated with this outbreak totaled approximately $35,000. Preventive vaccination of cattle should be considered in areas with high activity of terrestrial rabies (i.e., rabies in land-based animals), presence of high-value livestock, and potential for human exposure.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"26 1","pages":"622-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-to-Human Rabies Transmission via Solid Organ Transplantation from a Donor with Undiagnosed Rabies - United States, October 2024-February 2025.","authors":"Rebecca Earnest,Kris K Carter,Sara F Margrey,Vaughn V Wicker,Rebecca Betz,Rebecca Reik,Eli Shiltz,Basmah Khalil,Brandon Palinski,Barbara Jordan,Daniel Dodson,Erin Epson,Curtis L Fritz,Juliet Stoltey,Alison Sikola,Ricardo Garcia,Monika Roy,Pallavi Annambhotla,Sridhar V Basavaraju,Sarah C Bonaparte,Shama Cash-Goldwasser,Ian Kracalik,David W McCormick,Faisal S Minhaj,Lillian A Orciari,Panayampalli S Satheshkumar,Pamela Yager,David A Crum,Nathan Koffarnus,Monica Beddo,Molly Baker,Erin C Phipps,Hanna Oltean,Hannah Schnitzler,Crystal M Gigante,Ryan M Wallace,Mary Grace Stobierski,Christine Hahn","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7439a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7439a1","url":null,"abstract":"Although rabies virus is typically transmitted through mammalian animal bites or scratches, human-to-human transmission has occurred through organ and tissue transplantation. From 1978 to 2013, three transplant-transmitted rabies events in the United States affected nine tissue or organ recipients. Rabies is almost always fatal without timely receipt of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). In January 2025, clinicians in Ohio notified the Ohio Department of Health and CDC of a suspected case of rabies in a kidney transplant recipient who died 51 days after receiving the transplant. CDC confirmed the recipient's rabies diagnosis. Investigation revealed that the deceased donor had been scratched by a skunk approximately 6 weeks before death. No other organs from that donor were transplanted; however, three persons received cornea tissue grafts. While investigation of the donor's rabies status was ongoing, the cornea recipients underwent precautionary graft removal and received PEP. None developed signs or symptoms compatible with rabies. CDC detected rabies virus RNA in an archived sample of the donor's kidney, confirming organ-derived transmission. Investigation identified 370 persons with possible exposures to the donor or kidney recipient; 357 (96%) completed risk assessments. Among those who completed risk assessments, 46 (13%) were recommended to receive PEP. Early consultation with public health officials might prevent rabies-infected organ and tissue donation or lead to prompt PEP for transplant recipients. The risk for rabies should be considered among donors who have received rabies-susceptible animal bites or scratches within the previous year, particularly those donors with acute encephalopathy.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"155 1","pages":"600-605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Organic Walnuts - Washington and California, 2024.","authors":"Angelica L Barrall,Laurie Stewart,Jeffrey Higa,Erin Jenkins,Brooke Whitney,Brandon Adcock,Anna Pickett,Bethan Swift,Peiman Aminabadi,Kenneth Zamora,Susan Shelton,Karen P Neil,Laura Gieraltowski","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7438a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7438a2","url":null,"abstract":"Outbreaks of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 infections are associated primarily with beef and fresh vegetables, particularly leafy greens* (1). Only one reported STEC O157 outbreak in the United States has been linked to tree nuts, specifically a 2011 outbreak in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin associated with in-shell hazelnuts† (2). On March 25, 2024, the Washington State Department of Health alerted CDC to seven STEC O157 infections in Washington and California after determining that the isolates were highly genetically related by whole genome sequencing (WGS) (3).","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"22 1","pages":"597-598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes From the Field: Severe Illnesses After Self-Injection of Botulinum Toxin Purchased Online - New York, Texas, and Wisconsin, 2025.","authors":"Liz Lamere,Jennifer Cope,Robert Breazu,Sandra Peña,Michelle Chang,Joel Ackelsberg,Divya Pillendla,Olivia A Smith,Quoc Phung Than,Pilar Zaibaq,Suzanne Gibbons-Burgener,Ryan J Wozniak,Ethel Taylor","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7438a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7438a1","url":null,"abstract":"Cosmetic botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) can be used to temporarily diminish facial wrinkles (1); however, injection for this purpose occasionally results in localized paralytic effects, even when BoNT that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and purchased from authorized sources is administered by licensed and trained medical professionals. Rarely, improperly procured or administered BoNT can lead to severe illness. During May-June 2025, hospital clinicians and health departments in New York, Texas, and Wisconsin each alerted CDC about a person in their jurisdiction who experienced severe illness after self-injecting cosmetic BoNT that was purchased online.* None of the three patients met their state's requirements for purchasing or administering BoNT; no link was reported among the patients. This report describes the patients' characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. This activity was reviewed by CDC, deemed not research, and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.†.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"7 1","pages":"593-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Expanding Birthing Hospital Enrollment in the Vaccines for Children Program to Increase Infant Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus - United States, October 2023-March 2025.","authors":"Kerry E Olmsted,Terrin Ramsey-Omonua,Ebony S Thomas,James T Lee,Llandess Owens,Sam Graitcer,Jamie Mells","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7437a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7437a2","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the leading cause of hospitalization among U.S. infants, results in 50,000-80,000 associated hospitalizations and 100-300 deaths among children aged <5 years each year (1). In 2023, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended two options for preventing severe RSV in infants: maternal RSV vaccination during pregnancy (2) or administration of nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody to infants (1). Nirsevimab is recommended for infants aged <8 months during their first RSV season (October-March in most of the United States); ideally, it should be administered during the birth hospitalization or within the first week of life. In September 2023, ACIP passed a resolution to add nirsevimab to the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program, a public-private partnership that provides CDC-purchased vaccines to VFC-eligible children (those who are uninsured or underinsured, insured through Medicaid, or who are American Indian or Alaska Native) at no cost. Approximately one half (52.2%) of U.S. children aged 19-35 months are VFC-eligible, and among those, 93.4% are insured by Medicaid (3). Medicaid-insured infants have a higher incidence of severe RSV infection than do privately insured infants (4). Providers enrolled in the VFC program are able to administer nirsevimab at no cost to eligible children. Enrollment of birthing hospitals in VFC thus has the potential to expand infant immunization against RSV. This report describes enrollment of U.S. birthing hospitals (those with more than one birth during the previous year or at least one registered maternity bed) in the VFC program since the introduction of nirsevimab.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"4 1","pages":"589-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145559052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza-Associated Pediatric Deaths - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season.","authors":"Katie Reinhart,Stacy Huang,Krista Kniss,Carrie Reed,Alicia Budd","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7436a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7436a2","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza-associated deaths among children aged <18 years have been nationally notifiable since 2004. The highest number of pediatric deaths reported during a single season since reporting of influenza-associated pediatric deaths began (excluding the 2009-10 influenza A[H1N1]pmd09 pandemic) occurred during the 2024-25 season. Through September 13, 2025, a total of 280 influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported, representing a national rate of 3.8 deaths per 1 million children. The median age at death was 7 years, and 56% of children who died had at least one underlying medical condition. Influenza A viruses were associated with 240 (86%) of the deaths. Forty percent of children who died were treated with influenza antiviral medications. Among the 208 pediatric decedents with available data who were eligible for influenza vaccine, 89% were not fully vaccinated. CDC recommends that all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications receive the influenza vaccine each year, ideally by the end of October.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"93 1","pages":"565-569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim Effectiveness Estimates of 2025 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-Associated Outpatient and Hospitalized Illness - Eight Southern Hemisphere Countries, March-September 2025.","authors":"Savanah Russ,Francisco Nogareda,Annette K Regan,Estefanía Benedetti,Marina Pasinovich,Carla Voto,Monique Chilver,Nigel Stocks,Sheena G Sullivan,Allen C Cheng,Christopher C Blyth,Jenna Hassall,Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida,Francisco José de Paula Júnior,Ana Catarina de Melo Araújo,Natalia Vergara,Paula Camila Rodríguez Ferrari,Rodrigo A Fasce,Christian Saavedra,Elena Penayo,Silvia Gómez,Chavely Domínguez,Andrew Anglemyer,Tim Wood,Q Sue Huang,Sibongile Walaza,Phindi Zwane,Nicole Wolter,Natalia Goñi,Jeremy Tairovich,Eduardo Silvera,Paula Couto,Jorge Jara,Rebecca J Kondor,Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner,Anna N Chard","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7436a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7436a3","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal influenza vaccination provides important protection from influenza illness and associated potential complications. Monitoring seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in Southern Hemisphere countries can apprise health authorities in Northern Hemisphere countries about the potential protection provided from vaccination. Using data from influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) sentinel surveillance networks in eight Southern Hemisphere countries, investigators estimated interim VE against influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalization using a test-negative case-control study design. During March-September 2025, Australia and South Africa identified 2,122 patients with ILI; Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, New Zealand, Paraguay, and Uruguay identified 42,752 patients with SARI. Overall, 21.3% of patients with ILI and 15.9% of patients with SARI were vaccinated against influenza. Adjusted VE against influenza-associated outpatient visits and hospitalization was 50.4% and 49.7%, respectively, for any influenza virus, and 45.4% and 46.1%, respectively, for influenza A viruses. Adjusted VE against hospitalization with the predominant influenza subtype, A(H1N1)pdm09, was 41.6%. These interim estimates suggest that vaccination reduced medically attended influenza-associated illness by approximately one half in eight Southern Hemisphere countries. Health authorities should prioritize vaccination of all eligible persons ≥6 months to reduce incidence of influenza disease.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"14 1","pages":"570-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Influenza-Associated Encephalopathy and Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season.","authors":"Amara Fazal,Elizabeth J Harker,Varsha Neelam,Samantha M Olson,Melissa A Rolfes,Katie Reinhart,Krista Kniss,Aaron Frutos,Jerome Leonard,Carrie Reed,Vivien G Dugan,Haytham Safi,Theresa M Dulski,Adrianna Stanley-Downs,Aaliya Bhatti,Isaac Armistead,Suchitra Rao,Carola Torres-Diaz,Ashlin Thomas,Andy Weigel,Michael Patten,Mallory Sinner,Dawn Nims,Crystal Mattingly,Valerie Gosack,Amy Voris,Jaime Redkey,Felicia A Scaggs Huang,Danielle DeCesaris,Carrie Tuggle,Kristina A Betters,Julie Hand,Anna Krueger,Dina Z Potter,Curi Kim,Rachel Park,Sue Hong,Hannah E Edelman,Sue Kim,Justin Henderson,Melissa McMahon,Jeffrey Sanders,David A Hunstad,Emma L Doran,Khalil Harbi,Derek Julian,Hannah Ball,John Dreisig,Deepam Thomas,Justin Faybusovich,Yomei P Shaw,Nancy Eisenberg,Richa Chaturvedi,Ashleigh Faulstich,Rachel E Wester,Donna L Gowie,Nicholas Fisher,Melissa Sutton,Sameh W Boktor,Jonah M Long,Patricia Marshall,Abby L Berns,Lindsey McAda,Sarah Winders,Pamela Gomez Pinedo,Jade Murray,Ta'Kindra Westbrook,Anna Unutzer,Scott Lindquist,Thomas E Haupt,Kaylyn Baum,Molly Wilson-Murphy,Carol Glaser,Kathleen Harriman,James W Antoon,Keith P Van Haren,Adrienne G Randolph,Andrew Silverman,Annabelle de St Maurice,Sascha Ellington,Timothy M Uyeki,Shikha Garg, ","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7436a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7436a1","url":null,"abstract":"In January 2025, CDC received several reports of deaths among children aged <18 years with a severe form of influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) termed acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). Because no national surveillance for IAE currently exists, CDC requested notification of U.S. pediatric IAE cases from clinicians and health departments during the 2024-25 influenza season, a high-severity season with a record number of pediatric influenza-associated deaths. Among 192 reports of suspected IAE submitted to CDC, 109 (57%) were categorized as IAE, 37 (34%) of which were subcategorized as ANE, and 72 (66%) as other IAE; 82 reports did not meet IAE criteria and were categorized as other influenza-associated neurologic disease. The median age of children with IAE was 5 years and 55% were previously healthy, 74% were admitted to an intensive care unit, and 19% died; 41% of children with ANE died. Only 16% of children with IAE who were vaccination-eligible had received the 2024-25 influenza vaccine. Health care providers should consider IAE in children with encephalopathy or altered level of consciousness and a recent or current febrile illness when influenza viruses are circulating. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all children aged ≥6 months to prevent influenza and associated complications, potentially including severe neurologic disease such as IAE and ANE.","PeriodicalId":18931,"journal":{"name":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report","volume":"41 1","pages":"556-564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}