Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10505202323102023
Baby S, Meera Nair, Mayadevi B
Background: Perimenopause is a crucial point in the life of a woman when she faces a lot of changes in her body and menstrual pattern. Abnormal bleeding patterns which can be heavy and erratic are experienced by a significant number of women in the perimenopausal transition abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common gynecological problems and it affects her quality of life of a woman as well. For managing this problem, it is important to understand the clinical picture of AUB aided with imaging by ultrasound and histopathology. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the clinical features and the ultrasonography of the uterus and histopathology of endometrium in patients with perimenopausal bleeding and to correlate with histopathology. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted over a duration of 12 months. All perimenopausal women who attended the outpatient department with complaints of AUB who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Based on the clinical features, sonological profile, and histopathology report, data was analyzed to meet the aims and objectives of the study. Results: In the study population of 105 patients, 72 patients had normal endometrium (68.5%) which was constituted by proliferative and secretory endometrium while 31.5% had abnormal endometrium constituted by disordered proliferative endometrium. For the 105 patients in the study, proliferative endometrium was seen in 41 patients and the thickness ranged between 8 mm and 10 mm. Secretory endometrium was seen in 31 patients and the thickness is ranged between 10 mm and 12 mm. Disordered proliferative endometrium was seen in 33 patients and the endometrial thickness ranged between 12 mm and 14 mm. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) was present in 23 patients with secretory endometrium. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) was present in 23 patients with secretory endometrium. Conclusion: There is a significant association between the clinical pattern of bleeding with ultrasound profile and histopathology in women with perimenopausal AUB.
{"title":"A descriptive study on clinical histopathological and ultrasonological characteristics of women with perimenopausal bleeding in a tertiary referral hospital","authors":"Baby S, Meera Nair, Mayadevi B","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10505202323102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10505202323102023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perimenopause is a crucial point in the life of a woman when she faces a lot of changes in her body and menstrual pattern. Abnormal bleeding patterns which can be heavy and erratic are experienced by a significant number of women in the perimenopausal transition abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common gynecological problems and it affects her quality of life of a woman as well. For managing this problem, it is important to understand the clinical picture of AUB aided with imaging by ultrasound and histopathology. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the clinical features and the ultrasonography of the uterus and histopathology of endometrium in patients with perimenopausal bleeding and to correlate with histopathology. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted over a duration of 12 months. All perimenopausal women who attended the outpatient department with complaints of AUB who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Based on the clinical features, sonological profile, and histopathology report, data was analyzed to meet the aims and objectives of the study. Results: In the study population of 105 patients, 72 patients had normal endometrium (68.5%) which was constituted by proliferative and secretory endometrium while 31.5% had abnormal endometrium constituted by disordered proliferative endometrium. For the 105 patients in the study, proliferative endometrium was seen in 41 patients and the thickness ranged between 8 mm and 10 mm. Secretory endometrium was seen in 31 patients and the thickness is ranged between 10 mm and 12 mm. Disordered proliferative endometrium was seen in 33 patients and the endometrial thickness ranged between 12 mm and 14 mm. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) was present in 23 patients with secretory endometrium. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) was present in 23 patients with secretory endometrium. Conclusion: There is a significant association between the clinical pattern of bleeding with ultrasound profile and histopathology in women with perimenopausal AUB.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135502500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08401202313092023
Prema Joshi, Bhagwat Shinde, Kashinath Jadhav
Background: Many studies suggest the effect of SARS-COV2 on the renin angiotensin system causing arterial stiffness in acute cases of COVID-19 infection. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the long-term effect. Hence, this study was planned. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, ankle brachial index, arterial stiffness index, and percentage mean arterial pressure (MAP) in COVID-19 recovered young patients without any history of comorbidity and compare it to apparently healthy age-matched controls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care center on 120 healthy volunteers in the age group 18–30 years after written informed consent. Inclusion Criteria: Cases are patients with a history of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 report, age-matched control having no history of RT-PCR positive report. Group P (6–12 months), Group Q (more than 12–18 months), and Group R (more than 18 months) after being tested RT-PCR positive. Group C is the control. The analysis of variance test was used for analysis. Results: Heart rate and peripheral pulse wave velocity are significantly increased in all three groups as compared to the control. Right brachial and right ankle arterial stiffness index and percentage MAP in the right and left ankle are significantly increased in all three case groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: The patients with a history of COVID-19 infection are at an increased risk of arterial stiffness and vascular ageing.
{"title":"Arterial stiffness and vascular ageing in COVID-19 recovered young patients – A comparative study","authors":"Prema Joshi, Bhagwat Shinde, Kashinath Jadhav","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08401202313092023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08401202313092023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies suggest the effect of SARS-COV2 on the renin angiotensin system causing arterial stiffness in acute cases of COVID-19 infection. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the long-term effect. Hence, this study was planned. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, ankle brachial index, arterial stiffness index, and percentage mean arterial pressure (MAP) in COVID-19 recovered young patients without any history of comorbidity and compare it to apparently healthy age-matched controls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care center on 120 healthy volunteers in the age group 18–30 years after written informed consent. Inclusion Criteria: Cases are patients with a history of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 report, age-matched control having no history of RT-PCR positive report. Group P (6–12 months), Group Q (more than 12–18 months), and Group R (more than 18 months) after being tested RT-PCR positive. Group C is the control. The analysis of variance test was used for analysis. Results: Heart rate and peripheral pulse wave velocity are significantly increased in all three groups as compared to the control. Right brachial and right ankle arterial stiffness index and percentage MAP in the right and left ankle are significantly increased in all three case groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: The patients with a history of COVID-19 infection are at an increased risk of arterial stiffness and vascular ageing.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135651857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Logbooks have been introduced in the competency-based undergraduate medical curriculum by the National Medical Commission in India. Assessments of competencies marked in logbooks serve as a useful guide to students for skill acquired and progress. Each student should get accurate and objective feedback. Aims and Objectives: This study was planned to evaluate the effect of examiner variability on the grades awarded to learners in the logbook. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved phase 1 MBBS students. As part of their routine practical exercise, students made thin peripheral blood smears, which were graded by 3 different examiners as exceeding (“E”), meeting (“M”), or below (“B”) depending on whether a particular smear E, M, or B was the expectancy of a particular examiner. Students in Grade B were supposed to repeat the exercise. Data for grading were recorded in Excel and analyzed using statistical software R for agreement between examiners. Results: 248 phase 1 MBBS students participated in the study. The level of agreement between the three examiners was poor, meaning all examiners graded the student differently. Examiners 1, 2, and 3 were biased and inclined toward grades M, E, and B, respectively. Cramer’s V statistics confirmed the strong association (0.23, P < 0.01) of the examiner with a particular grade. A high level of agreement (0.407, P < 0.01) and strong association (0.26, P < 0.01) was found between the examiner and the grading of revision required (B) or not (E or M). Conclusion: Thus, the grading system involves examiner bias, which may be reduced by defining more objective, observable criteria for grading and reducing the number of grade categories to reduce borderline cases.
{"title":"Assessment by logbooks in competency-based curriculum: Is it a reliable method of objective assessment?","authors":"Jayvardhan Singh, Pradip Barde, Arun Goel, Ashutosh Kathrotia","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10512202304112023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10512202304112023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Logbooks have been introduced in the competency-based undergraduate medical curriculum by the National Medical Commission in India. Assessments of competencies marked in logbooks serve as a useful guide to students for skill acquired and progress. Each student should get accurate and objective feedback. Aims and Objectives: This study was planned to evaluate the effect of examiner variability on the grades awarded to learners in the logbook. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved phase 1 MBBS students. As part of their routine practical exercise, students made thin peripheral blood smears, which were graded by 3 different examiners as exceeding (“E”), meeting (“M”), or below (“B”) depending on whether a particular smear E, M, or B was the expectancy of a particular examiner. Students in Grade B were supposed to repeat the exercise. Data for grading were recorded in Excel and analyzed using statistical software R for agreement between examiners. Results: 248 phase 1 MBBS students participated in the study. The level of agreement between the three examiners was poor, meaning all examiners graded the student differently. Examiners 1, 2, and 3 were biased and inclined toward grades M, E, and B, respectively. Cramer’s V statistics confirmed the strong association (0.23, P < 0.01) of the examiner with a particular grade. A high level of agreement (0.407, P < 0.01) and strong association (0.26, P < 0.01) was found between the examiner and the grading of revision required (B) or not (E or M). Conclusion: Thus, the grading system involves examiner bias, which may be reduced by defining more objective, observable criteria for grading and reducing the number of grade categories to reduce borderline cases.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"abs/2206.05564 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: As per schedule Y (Drugs and Cosmetics act 1940: Amended in 2016), cosmetics are defined as “articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance.” Cosmetovigilance is a public health surveillance on cosmetic products with a public health objective. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetic use among 2-year undergraduate students in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: After approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and informed consent from the participants, a cross-sectional, semi-structured, prevalidated, and questionnaire-based study was conducted by the Department of Pharmacology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, among 2-year undergraduate medical students. Results: Out of 250 participants, the response rate was 87%. Among them 61% were females. 54% of the participants were aware of the different ingredients of cosmetics. About 65% had knowledge about harmful ingredients. The ill effects of cosmetics were known only by 31%. Internet was the source of information for most students (60%). Only 30% of students agreed that cosmetics can cause skin reactions. About 50% of students convinced that the use of cosmetics can improve self-confidence. Majority of students (65%) shared information about cosmetic hazards occasionally. Rarely, very few participants (42%) had the habit of reading labels before buying them. Conclusion: Knowledge about cosmetics use was good among undergraduate medical students but the awareness regarding harmful effects was comparatively less. In the present scenario, as cosmetic use is more prevalent; hence, it is necessary to educate medical students about the risks of cosmetics.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetic use among 2nd-year medical undergraduate students in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Jeevani Javvadi, Mubishera Syed, Chandrakala Kambar, Meenakshi Lella, Sankar Kurli","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09441202326092023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09441202326092023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As per schedule Y (Drugs and Cosmetics act 1940: Amended in 2016), cosmetics are defined as “articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance.” Cosmetovigilance is a public health surveillance on cosmetic products with a public health objective. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetic use among 2-year undergraduate students in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: After approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and informed consent from the participants, a cross-sectional, semi-structured, prevalidated, and questionnaire-based study was conducted by the Department of Pharmacology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, among 2-year undergraduate medical students. Results: Out of 250 participants, the response rate was 87%. Among them 61% were females. 54% of the participants were aware of the different ingredients of cosmetics. About 65% had knowledge about harmful ingredients. The ill effects of cosmetics were known only by 31%. Internet was the source of information for most students (60%). Only 30% of students agreed that cosmetics can cause skin reactions. About 50% of students convinced that the use of cosmetics can improve self-confidence. Majority of students (65%) shared information about cosmetic hazards occasionally. Rarely, very few participants (42%) had the habit of reading labels before buying them. Conclusion: Knowledge about cosmetics use was good among undergraduate medical students but the awareness regarding harmful effects was comparatively less. In the present scenario, as cosmetic use is more prevalent; hence, it is necessary to educate medical students about the risks of cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135958108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Under-five is the most vulnerable age group for morbidity, and this section of the population is a pillar of a healthy developed nation. In developing countries, infectious diseases, such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and whooping cough, are found to be the leading causes of morbidity and premature death. Aim and Objective: The present study aims to describe the morbidity pattern among children under 5 years of age and analyzing the variables which affect the pattern of morbidity. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural field area in Guntur district for 2 months from May to September 2021. Data were collected from 150 under-five children by means of interviews with a pretested questionnaire after prior institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent. Results: Out of 150 children, 67.3% of the study population lived below the poverty line. Based on the anthropometric measurements, about 22.6% were mildly undernourished. The most common morbidity was anemia with 42.7% of children being affected and 22.7% had worm infestations. The prevalence of morbidity was higher in children living in kaccha houses (69.7%), municipal water users (73.8%), houses with inadequate ventilation and overcrowding (68.6%), and also in breastfed children for <1 year. Conclusion: Most of the causes of under-five morbidity can be easily prevented if mothers are made well aware of proper nutrition, early and exclusive breastfeeding, good hygienic practices, and sanitation. They should be encouraged to utilize maternal and child health-care services and primary health care for better growth of the children.
{"title":"Rural child health: Morbidity patterns in under-five children in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh – A cross-sectional study","authors":"Chandrahas Siddela, Susmitha Vemu, Meenakshi Lella","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09471202302102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09471202302102023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Under-five is the most vulnerable age group for morbidity, and this section of the population is a pillar of a healthy developed nation. In developing countries, infectious diseases, such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and whooping cough, are found to be the leading causes of morbidity and premature death. Aim and Objective: The present study aims to describe the morbidity pattern among children under 5 years of age and analyzing the variables which affect the pattern of morbidity. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural field area in Guntur district for 2 months from May to September 2021. Data were collected from 150 under-five children by means of interviews with a pretested questionnaire after prior institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent. Results: Out of 150 children, 67.3% of the study population lived below the poverty line. Based on the anthropometric measurements, about 22.6% were mildly undernourished. The most common morbidity was anemia with 42.7% of children being affected and 22.7% had worm infestations. The prevalence of morbidity was higher in children living in kaccha houses (69.7%), municipal water users (73.8%), houses with inadequate ventilation and overcrowding (68.6%), and also in breastfed children for <1 year. Conclusion: Most of the causes of under-five morbidity can be easily prevented if mothers are made well aware of proper nutrition, early and exclusive breastfeeding, good hygienic practices, and sanitation. They should be encouraged to utilize maternal and child health-care services and primary health care for better growth of the children.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136257697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06292202328062023
Dhwani Pandya, B. Bhetariya, Nayan Koitiya
Background: Development of high sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP) assays has improved the role of this acute phase reactant in predicting the first cardiovascular events. Hs-CRP levels partially reflect the extent of myocardial necrosis and can be used to predict in hospital and long-term outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are to study and correlate increased level of Hs-CRP with various traditional risk factors such as age, sex, lifestyle, and comorbidities and to establish increased level of Hs-CRP as an independent marker for cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods: A 100 patients’ prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care center with traditional risk factors and existing cardiovascular diseases. Measurements of Hs-CRP levels were done with immunoturbidimetric methods with statistical correlation. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26 software. Results: In total 100 patients, 67 patients had Hs-CRP value more than 3 mg/L where-as 33 patients had Hs-CRP value <3 mg/L, 32% of patients belonged to age group 51–60 years and majority 78% were male. Among all the individual life style parameters and traditional risk factor which were considered, five parameters, namely, sedentary life style, smoking, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and electrocardiogram changes were proved statistically significant and correlation between elevated high sensitivity C reactive protein and cardiovascular disease was proved statistically significant. Conclusion: Hs-CRP is independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease and positive correlation was established between elevated level of Hs-CRP and major traditional risk factors such as sedentary life style, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a biomarker of cardiovascular events","authors":"Dhwani Pandya, B. Bhetariya, Nayan Koitiya","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06292202328062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.06292202328062023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Development of high sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP) assays has improved the role of this acute phase reactant in predicting the first cardiovascular events. Hs-CRP levels partially reflect the extent of myocardial necrosis and can be used to predict in hospital and long-term outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are to study and correlate increased level of Hs-CRP with various traditional risk factors such as age, sex, lifestyle, and comorbidities and to establish increased level of Hs-CRP as an independent marker for cardiovascular events. Materials and Methods: A 100 patients’ prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care center with traditional risk factors and existing cardiovascular diseases. Measurements of Hs-CRP levels were done with immunoturbidimetric methods with statistical correlation. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26 software. Results: In total 100 patients, 67 patients had Hs-CRP value more than 3 mg/L where-as 33 patients had Hs-CRP value <3 mg/L, 32% of patients belonged to age group 51–60 years and majority 78% were male. Among all the individual life style parameters and traditional risk factor which were considered, five parameters, namely, sedentary life style, smoking, pre-existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and electrocardiogram changes were proved statistically significant and correlation between elevated high sensitivity C reactive protein and cardiovascular disease was proved statistically significant. Conclusion: Hs-CRP is independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease and positive correlation was established between elevated level of Hs-CRP and major traditional risk factors such as sedentary life style, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86384856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05277202305062023
Sowmya Bandaru, Anitha Alivelu, S. K., Prabhakar Yendluri
Background: Depression is a frequently occurring mental health problem that affects people from all walks of life. Similar emphasis is placed on physical and mental wellness. Anxiety is frequently present along with depression when it has a chronic course. In comparison to depression alone, anxiety-associated depression may be more severe, has a higher propensity for suicide, and has an inadequate treatment response. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are said to be more successful in treating anxiety-associated major depressive disorder (MDD). Aims and Objectives: MDD with anxiety is effectively treated with SSRI and SNRI. Desvenlafaxine (SNRI) and escitalopram (SSRI) were compared for safety and effectiveness in this randomized, open-label trial. Materials and Methods: With prior approval from the institutional ethical committee, 100 patients with the diagnoses of depression and anxiety were enrolled in the study. The patients were split into two groups at random at a ratio of 1:1. Desvenlafaxine was administered to the test group, whereas escitalopram was administered to the control group as the standard medication. Both medications were administered orally once each day for a total of 8 weeks. At the beginning, 4th, and 8th weeks, the patients were observed. Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) assessments of effectiveness were compared. During follow-up visits, patients who experienced a reduction in rating scores of at least 50% from baseline were considered treatment responders. Alterations in laboratory measurements, vitals, and reported side effects were used to evaluate safety and tolerability. Results: The HAM-D and HAM-A scores in both the desvenlafaxine and escitalopram groups significantly decreased from their respective baselines (P < 0.001). At 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, however, neither group was able to demonstrate a statistically significant difference. Both escitalopram and desvenlafaxine were determined to be safe, with escitalopram having superior tolerance and much fewer adverse effects recorded than desvenlafaxine. Conclusion: Escitalopram and desvenlafaxine were equally effective at reducing the symptoms of anxiety related depression. Escitalopram was found to be well tolerated.
{"title":"Safety and efficacy of desvenlafaxine with escitalopram among the patients of depression associated with anxiety: A randomized, open-labeled, comparative study","authors":"Sowmya Bandaru, Anitha Alivelu, S. K., Prabhakar Yendluri","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05277202305062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05277202305062023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is a frequently occurring mental health problem that affects people from all walks of life. Similar emphasis is placed on physical and mental wellness. Anxiety is frequently present along with depression when it has a chronic course. In comparison to depression alone, anxiety-associated depression may be more severe, has a higher propensity for suicide, and has an inadequate treatment response. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are said to be more successful in treating anxiety-associated major depressive disorder (MDD). Aims and Objectives: MDD with anxiety is effectively treated with SSRI and SNRI. Desvenlafaxine (SNRI) and escitalopram (SSRI) were compared for safety and effectiveness in this randomized, open-label trial. Materials and Methods: With prior approval from the institutional ethical committee, 100 patients with the diagnoses of depression and anxiety were enrolled in the study. The patients were split into two groups at random at a ratio of 1:1. Desvenlafaxine was administered to the test group, whereas escitalopram was administered to the control group as the standard medication. Both medications were administered orally once each day for a total of 8 weeks. At the beginning, 4th, and 8th weeks, the patients were observed. Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) assessments of effectiveness were compared. During follow-up visits, patients who experienced a reduction in rating scores of at least 50% from baseline were considered treatment responders. Alterations in laboratory measurements, vitals, and reported side effects were used to evaluate safety and tolerability. Results: The HAM-D and HAM-A scores in both the desvenlafaxine and escitalopram groups significantly decreased from their respective baselines (P < 0.001). At 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, however, neither group was able to demonstrate a statistically significant difference. Both escitalopram and desvenlafaxine were determined to be safe, with escitalopram having superior tolerance and much fewer adverse effects recorded than desvenlafaxine. Conclusion: Escitalopram and desvenlafaxine were equally effective at reducing the symptoms of anxiety related depression. Escitalopram was found to be well tolerated.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81821291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07353202323072023
Madhusudhana Pulaganti, V. Masimukku, Harit Bandi, Sainath Jampala
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a significant global health issue; the incidence and prevalence of HF are on the rise due to the aging population and the widespread presence of risk factors associated with HF. Research studies have demonstrated the efficacy of yoga therapy in enhancing patient outcomes among individuals diagnosed with HF. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research examining the impact of yoga on biomarkers associated with HF. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the present research is to investigate the viability and potential advantages of integrating yoga therapy as a component of the therapeutic approach for individuals diagnosed with HF. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with New York Heart Association class I and II conditions were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. The control group (CG) was administered standard medical therapy, whereas the yoga group (YG) was given supplementary yoga therapy alongside the conventional medical treatment. Results: Angiotensin I reduced 32.17% in CG and 43.85% in YG, angiotensin II reduced 29.12% and 37.52%, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide reduced 37.49% in CG, 48.88% in YG, nitric oxide increased 39.62% in CG, 59.86% in YG, and catecholamines decreased 39.2% (CG) and 49.86% (YG). The results of this study indicate that the practice of yoga therapy led to statistically significant improvements in several key biomarker. Conclusion: The integration of yoga into a comprehensive health-care protocol has the potential to yield favorable outcomes pertaining to the regulation of blood pressure, cardiovascular well-being, vascular functionality, as well as a decrease of stress levels among individuals with HF.
{"title":"The effect of yoga therapy on angiotensin I and II, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, nitric oxide, and catecholamines in heart failure patients (NYHA I-II): A pilot study","authors":"Madhusudhana Pulaganti, V. Masimukku, Harit Bandi, Sainath Jampala","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07353202323072023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07353202323072023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heart failure (HF) is a significant global health issue; the incidence and prevalence of HF are on the rise due to the aging population and the widespread presence of risk factors associated with HF. Research studies have demonstrated the efficacy of yoga therapy in enhancing patient outcomes among individuals diagnosed with HF. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research examining the impact of yoga on biomarkers associated with HF. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective of the present research is to investigate the viability and potential advantages of integrating yoga therapy as a component of the therapeutic approach for individuals diagnosed with HF. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients with New York Heart Association class I and II conditions were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. The control group (CG) was administered standard medical therapy, whereas the yoga group (YG) was given supplementary yoga therapy alongside the conventional medical treatment. Results: Angiotensin I reduced 32.17% in CG and 43.85% in YG, angiotensin II reduced 29.12% and 37.52%, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide reduced 37.49% in CG, 48.88% in YG, nitric oxide increased 39.62% in CG, 59.86% in YG, and catecholamines decreased 39.2% (CG) and 49.86% (YG). The results of this study indicate that the practice of yoga therapy led to statistically significant improvements in several key biomarker. Conclusion: The integration of yoga into a comprehensive health-care protocol has the potential to yield favorable outcomes pertaining to the regulation of blood pressure, cardiovascular well-being, vascular functionality, as well as a decrease of stress levels among individuals with HF.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84740770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05268202326062023
Aneesh V
{"title":"Changes in lipid levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Aneesh V","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05268202326062023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.05268202326062023","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85019971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02055202305042023
P. Bishi, Saroja Dash, S. Naik, Sunil Sahu, Sanjana Panigrahi, Mettu Anisha
Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a state of infection promptly intensifying the destruction of skin with underlying tissue leading to permanent infirmity and high mortality irrespective of good parenteral drug coverage and contentious surgical handling. NF normally begins as a confined infective focus that initially presents as cellulitis later rapidly progresses to large areas of infection which disproportionate to pain. Aims and Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to determine the incidence and management methods of NF in tertiary health-care center of western Odisha. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with NF presenting to department of general surgery, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Burla, from March, 2020 to February, 2022 was performed. Various information such as patient’s demographics, type of presentation at the time of admission, age group affected, body parts affected, mode of injury, and microbiological status were collected in a predesigned format for analysis. Data were presented in number and percentage. Results: A cumulative of 96 cases with clinical features of NF was reviewed. The median age group range was 31–40 years. Nearly 94.7% cases had significant underlying comorbidities. Extremities were most commonly affected part. About 82.2% cases had undergone surgical debridement, 13.5% cases fasciotomy, and 4.2% cases skin grafting. Most common mode of injury is trivial injury. Group A Streptococcus is most common cause of organism. Almost 78.3% cases were healed. Conclusions: NF can induce upscaled morbidity and mortality if left undetected and untreated in primordial stages. The medics, paramedics, and specialists including surgeons need to have a high degree of intuition to diagnose NF at its beginning stages and thus precisely put resuscitative efforts, plan for debridement, and need for any urgent referral.
{"title":"Clinicoepidemiological profile of necrotizing fasciitis in a tertiary care center of western Odisha","authors":"P. Bishi, Saroja Dash, S. Naik, Sunil Sahu, Sanjana Panigrahi, Mettu Anisha","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02055202305042023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02055202305042023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a state of infection promptly intensifying the destruction of skin with underlying tissue leading to permanent infirmity and high mortality irrespective of good parenteral drug coverage and contentious surgical handling. NF normally begins as a confined infective focus that initially presents as cellulitis later rapidly progresses to large areas of infection which disproportionate to pain. Aims and Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to determine the incidence and management methods of NF in tertiary health-care center of western Odisha. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with NF presenting to department of general surgery, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Burla, from March, 2020 to February, 2022 was performed. Various information such as patient’s demographics, type of presentation at the time of admission, age group affected, body parts affected, mode of injury, and microbiological status were collected in a predesigned format for analysis. Data were presented in number and percentage. Results: A cumulative of 96 cases with clinical features of NF was reviewed. The median age group range was 31–40 years. Nearly 94.7% cases had significant underlying comorbidities. Extremities were most commonly affected part. About 82.2% cases had undergone surgical debridement, 13.5% cases fasciotomy, and 4.2% cases skin grafting. Most common mode of injury is trivial injury. Group A Streptococcus is most common cause of organism. Almost 78.3% cases were healed. Conclusions: NF can induce upscaled morbidity and mortality if left undetected and untreated in primordial stages. The medics, paramedics, and specialists including surgeons need to have a high degree of intuition to diagnose NF at its beginning stages and thus precisely put resuscitative efforts, plan for debridement, and need for any urgent referral.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90728962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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