Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10505202323102023
Baby S, Meera Nair, Mayadevi B
Background: Perimenopause is a crucial point in the life of a woman when she faces a lot of changes in her body and menstrual pattern. Abnormal bleeding patterns which can be heavy and erratic are experienced by a significant number of women in the perimenopausal transition abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common gynecological problems and it affects her quality of life of a woman as well. For managing this problem, it is important to understand the clinical picture of AUB aided with imaging by ultrasound and histopathology. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the clinical features and the ultrasonography of the uterus and histopathology of endometrium in patients with perimenopausal bleeding and to correlate with histopathology. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted over a duration of 12 months. All perimenopausal women who attended the outpatient department with complaints of AUB who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Based on the clinical features, sonological profile, and histopathology report, data was analyzed to meet the aims and objectives of the study. Results: In the study population of 105 patients, 72 patients had normal endometrium (68.5%) which was constituted by proliferative and secretory endometrium while 31.5% had abnormal endometrium constituted by disordered proliferative endometrium. For the 105 patients in the study, proliferative endometrium was seen in 41 patients and the thickness ranged between 8 mm and 10 mm. Secretory endometrium was seen in 31 patients and the thickness is ranged between 10 mm and 12 mm. Disordered proliferative endometrium was seen in 33 patients and the endometrial thickness ranged between 12 mm and 14 mm. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) was present in 23 patients with secretory endometrium. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) was present in 23 patients with secretory endometrium. Conclusion: There is a significant association between the clinical pattern of bleeding with ultrasound profile and histopathology in women with perimenopausal AUB.
{"title":"A descriptive study on clinical histopathological and ultrasonological characteristics of women with perimenopausal bleeding in a tertiary referral hospital","authors":"Baby S, Meera Nair, Mayadevi B","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10505202323102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10505202323102023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perimenopause is a crucial point in the life of a woman when she faces a lot of changes in her body and menstrual pattern. Abnormal bleeding patterns which can be heavy and erratic are experienced by a significant number of women in the perimenopausal transition abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the most common gynecological problems and it affects her quality of life of a woman as well. For managing this problem, it is important to understand the clinical picture of AUB aided with imaging by ultrasound and histopathology. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the clinical features and the ultrasonography of the uterus and histopathology of endometrium in patients with perimenopausal bleeding and to correlate with histopathology. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted over a duration of 12 months. All perimenopausal women who attended the outpatient department with complaints of AUB who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Based on the clinical features, sonological profile, and histopathology report, data was analyzed to meet the aims and objectives of the study. Results: In the study population of 105 patients, 72 patients had normal endometrium (68.5%) which was constituted by proliferative and secretory endometrium while 31.5% had abnormal endometrium constituted by disordered proliferative endometrium. For the 105 patients in the study, proliferative endometrium was seen in 41 patients and the thickness ranged between 8 mm and 10 mm. Secretory endometrium was seen in 31 patients and the thickness is ranged between 10 mm and 12 mm. Disordered proliferative endometrium was seen in 33 patients and the endometrial thickness ranged between 12 mm and 14 mm. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) was present in 23 patients with secretory endometrium. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) was present in 23 patients with secretory endometrium. Conclusion: There is a significant association between the clinical pattern of bleeding with ultrasound profile and histopathology in women with perimenopausal AUB.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135502500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08401202313092023
Prema Joshi, Bhagwat Shinde, Kashinath Jadhav
Background: Many studies suggest the effect of SARS-COV2 on the renin angiotensin system causing arterial stiffness in acute cases of COVID-19 infection. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the long-term effect. Hence, this study was planned. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, ankle brachial index, arterial stiffness index, and percentage mean arterial pressure (MAP) in COVID-19 recovered young patients without any history of comorbidity and compare it to apparently healthy age-matched controls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care center on 120 healthy volunteers in the age group 18–30 years after written informed consent. Inclusion Criteria: Cases are patients with a history of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 report, age-matched control having no history of RT-PCR positive report. Group P (6–12 months), Group Q (more than 12–18 months), and Group R (more than 18 months) after being tested RT-PCR positive. Group C is the control. The analysis of variance test was used for analysis. Results: Heart rate and peripheral pulse wave velocity are significantly increased in all three groups as compared to the control. Right brachial and right ankle arterial stiffness index and percentage MAP in the right and left ankle are significantly increased in all three case groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: The patients with a history of COVID-19 infection are at an increased risk of arterial stiffness and vascular ageing.
{"title":"Arterial stiffness and vascular ageing in COVID-19 recovered young patients – A comparative study","authors":"Prema Joshi, Bhagwat Shinde, Kashinath Jadhav","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08401202313092023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.08401202313092023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many studies suggest the effect of SARS-COV2 on the renin angiotensin system causing arterial stiffness in acute cases of COVID-19 infection. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the long-term effect. Hence, this study was planned. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, ankle brachial index, arterial stiffness index, and percentage mean arterial pressure (MAP) in COVID-19 recovered young patients without any history of comorbidity and compare it to apparently healthy age-matched controls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care center on 120 healthy volunteers in the age group 18–30 years after written informed consent. Inclusion Criteria: Cases are patients with a history of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 report, age-matched control having no history of RT-PCR positive report. Group P (6–12 months), Group Q (more than 12–18 months), and Group R (more than 18 months) after being tested RT-PCR positive. Group C is the control. The analysis of variance test was used for analysis. Results: Heart rate and peripheral pulse wave velocity are significantly increased in all three groups as compared to the control. Right brachial and right ankle arterial stiffness index and percentage MAP in the right and left ankle are significantly increased in all three case groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: The patients with a history of COVID-19 infection are at an increased risk of arterial stiffness and vascular ageing.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135651857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Logbooks have been introduced in the competency-based undergraduate medical curriculum by the National Medical Commission in India. Assessments of competencies marked in logbooks serve as a useful guide to students for skill acquired and progress. Each student should get accurate and objective feedback. Aims and Objectives: This study was planned to evaluate the effect of examiner variability on the grades awarded to learners in the logbook. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved phase 1 MBBS students. As part of their routine practical exercise, students made thin peripheral blood smears, which were graded by 3 different examiners as exceeding (“E”), meeting (“M”), or below (“B”) depending on whether a particular smear E, M, or B was the expectancy of a particular examiner. Students in Grade B were supposed to repeat the exercise. Data for grading were recorded in Excel and analyzed using statistical software R for agreement between examiners. Results: 248 phase 1 MBBS students participated in the study. The level of agreement between the three examiners was poor, meaning all examiners graded the student differently. Examiners 1, 2, and 3 were biased and inclined toward grades M, E, and B, respectively. Cramer’s V statistics confirmed the strong association (0.23, P < 0.01) of the examiner with a particular grade. A high level of agreement (0.407, P < 0.01) and strong association (0.26, P < 0.01) was found between the examiner and the grading of revision required (B) or not (E or M). Conclusion: Thus, the grading system involves examiner bias, which may be reduced by defining more objective, observable criteria for grading and reducing the number of grade categories to reduce borderline cases.
{"title":"Assessment by logbooks in competency-based curriculum: Is it a reliable method of objective assessment?","authors":"Jayvardhan Singh, Pradip Barde, Arun Goel, Ashutosh Kathrotia","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10512202304112023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.10512202304112023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Logbooks have been introduced in the competency-based undergraduate medical curriculum by the National Medical Commission in India. Assessments of competencies marked in logbooks serve as a useful guide to students for skill acquired and progress. Each student should get accurate and objective feedback. Aims and Objectives: This study was planned to evaluate the effect of examiner variability on the grades awarded to learners in the logbook. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved phase 1 MBBS students. As part of their routine practical exercise, students made thin peripheral blood smears, which were graded by 3 different examiners as exceeding (“E”), meeting (“M”), or below (“B”) depending on whether a particular smear E, M, or B was the expectancy of a particular examiner. Students in Grade B were supposed to repeat the exercise. Data for grading were recorded in Excel and analyzed using statistical software R for agreement between examiners. Results: 248 phase 1 MBBS students participated in the study. The level of agreement between the three examiners was poor, meaning all examiners graded the student differently. Examiners 1, 2, and 3 were biased and inclined toward grades M, E, and B, respectively. Cramer’s V statistics confirmed the strong association (0.23, P < 0.01) of the examiner with a particular grade. A high level of agreement (0.407, P < 0.01) and strong association (0.26, P < 0.01) was found between the examiner and the grading of revision required (B) or not (E or M). Conclusion: Thus, the grading system involves examiner bias, which may be reduced by defining more objective, observable criteria for grading and reducing the number of grade categories to reduce borderline cases.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"abs/2206.05564 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: As per schedule Y (Drugs and Cosmetics act 1940: Amended in 2016), cosmetics are defined as “articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance.” Cosmetovigilance is a public health surveillance on cosmetic products with a public health objective. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetic use among 2-year undergraduate students in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: After approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and informed consent from the participants, a cross-sectional, semi-structured, prevalidated, and questionnaire-based study was conducted by the Department of Pharmacology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, among 2-year undergraduate medical students. Results: Out of 250 participants, the response rate was 87%. Among them 61% were females. 54% of the participants were aware of the different ingredients of cosmetics. About 65% had knowledge about harmful ingredients. The ill effects of cosmetics were known only by 31%. Internet was the source of information for most students (60%). Only 30% of students agreed that cosmetics can cause skin reactions. About 50% of students convinced that the use of cosmetics can improve self-confidence. Majority of students (65%) shared information about cosmetic hazards occasionally. Rarely, very few participants (42%) had the habit of reading labels before buying them. Conclusion: Knowledge about cosmetics use was good among undergraduate medical students but the awareness regarding harmful effects was comparatively less. In the present scenario, as cosmetic use is more prevalent; hence, it is necessary to educate medical students about the risks of cosmetics.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetic use among 2nd-year medical undergraduate students in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Jeevani Javvadi, Mubishera Syed, Chandrakala Kambar, Meenakshi Lella, Sankar Kurli","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09441202326092023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09441202326092023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As per schedule Y (Drugs and Cosmetics act 1940: Amended in 2016), cosmetics are defined as “articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance.” Cosmetovigilance is a public health surveillance on cosmetic products with a public health objective. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetic use among 2-year undergraduate students in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: After approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and informed consent from the participants, a cross-sectional, semi-structured, prevalidated, and questionnaire-based study was conducted by the Department of Pharmacology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, among 2-year undergraduate medical students. Results: Out of 250 participants, the response rate was 87%. Among them 61% were females. 54% of the participants were aware of the different ingredients of cosmetics. About 65% had knowledge about harmful ingredients. The ill effects of cosmetics were known only by 31%. Internet was the source of information for most students (60%). Only 30% of students agreed that cosmetics can cause skin reactions. About 50% of students convinced that the use of cosmetics can improve self-confidence. Majority of students (65%) shared information about cosmetic hazards occasionally. Rarely, very few participants (42%) had the habit of reading labels before buying them. Conclusion: Knowledge about cosmetics use was good among undergraduate medical students but the awareness regarding harmful effects was comparatively less. In the present scenario, as cosmetic use is more prevalent; hence, it is necessary to educate medical students about the risks of cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135958108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Under-five is the most vulnerable age group for morbidity, and this section of the population is a pillar of a healthy developed nation. In developing countries, infectious diseases, such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and whooping cough, are found to be the leading causes of morbidity and premature death. Aim and Objective: The present study aims to describe the morbidity pattern among children under 5 years of age and analyzing the variables which affect the pattern of morbidity. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural field area in Guntur district for 2 months from May to September 2021. Data were collected from 150 under-five children by means of interviews with a pretested questionnaire after prior institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent. Results: Out of 150 children, 67.3% of the study population lived below the poverty line. Based on the anthropometric measurements, about 22.6% were mildly undernourished. The most common morbidity was anemia with 42.7% of children being affected and 22.7% had worm infestations. The prevalence of morbidity was higher in children living in kaccha houses (69.7%), municipal water users (73.8%), houses with inadequate ventilation and overcrowding (68.6%), and also in breastfed children for <1 year. Conclusion: Most of the causes of under-five morbidity can be easily prevented if mothers are made well aware of proper nutrition, early and exclusive breastfeeding, good hygienic practices, and sanitation. They should be encouraged to utilize maternal and child health-care services and primary health care for better growth of the children.
{"title":"Rural child health: Morbidity patterns in under-five children in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh – A cross-sectional study","authors":"Chandrahas Siddela, Susmitha Vemu, Meenakshi Lella","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09471202302102023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09471202302102023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Under-five is the most vulnerable age group for morbidity, and this section of the population is a pillar of a healthy developed nation. In developing countries, infectious diseases, such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and whooping cough, are found to be the leading causes of morbidity and premature death. Aim and Objective: The present study aims to describe the morbidity pattern among children under 5 years of age and analyzing the variables which affect the pattern of morbidity. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural field area in Guntur district for 2 months from May to September 2021. Data were collected from 150 under-five children by means of interviews with a pretested questionnaire after prior institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent. Results: Out of 150 children, 67.3% of the study population lived below the poverty line. Based on the anthropometric measurements, about 22.6% were mildly undernourished. The most common morbidity was anemia with 42.7% of children being affected and 22.7% had worm infestations. The prevalence of morbidity was higher in children living in kaccha houses (69.7%), municipal water users (73.8%), houses with inadequate ventilation and overcrowding (68.6%), and also in breastfed children for <1 year. Conclusion: Most of the causes of under-five morbidity can be easily prevented if mothers are made well aware of proper nutrition, early and exclusive breastfeeding, good hygienic practices, and sanitation. They should be encouraged to utilize maternal and child health-care services and primary health care for better growth of the children.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136257697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02087202328022023
M. Harsoori, A. Tyagi, M. Goswami
Background: Patients with craniotomy procedure might have serious complication like surgical site infection (SSI) with the incidence rate of >9.0%. Certain factors such as multiple operations, cerebrospinal fluid leak, use of corticosteroids, altered sensorium, and diabetes may increase the risk of SSI. It is important to prevent the incidence of SSIs to reduce mortality and morbidity of the patients undergoing craniotomy due to various indications. Aims and Objectives: The present study intends to clinically evaluate the SSI in post-craniotomy and to study general characteristics of patients who are suffering with SSI after craniotomy. Materials and Methods: The present study is prospective observational study of conducted on patients with SSI after craniotomy surgery. A complete history of patient and surgery-related information was collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 25 patients with SSI after craniotomy surgery were included in the study. The mean age of the patient was 53 years with male predominance (56). Out of 25 cases, nine patients were obese, 19 patients had a habit of smoking, and 13 patients were suffering from comorbid conditions. The majority of the patients (12 patients) were having intensive care unit stay of 8–14 days. The most common bacteria causing SSIs is found to be Staphylococcus aureus in organ space infections. Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that even though risk statistical significance can be ruled out, it is important to consider the certain risk factors preoperatively to provide proper health-care facility.
{"title":"A clinical study on surgical site infections after craniotomy at a tertiary care hospital","authors":"M. Harsoori, A. Tyagi, M. Goswami","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02087202328022023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.02087202328022023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with craniotomy procedure might have serious complication like surgical site infection (SSI) with the incidence rate of >9.0%. Certain factors such as multiple operations, cerebrospinal fluid leak, use of corticosteroids, altered sensorium, and diabetes may increase the risk of SSI. It is important to prevent the incidence of SSIs to reduce mortality and morbidity of the patients undergoing craniotomy due to various indications. Aims and Objectives: The present study intends to clinically evaluate the SSI in post-craniotomy and to study general characteristics of patients who are suffering with SSI after craniotomy. Materials and Methods: The present study is prospective observational study of conducted on patients with SSI after craniotomy surgery. A complete history of patient and surgery-related information was collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 25 patients with SSI after craniotomy surgery were included in the study. The mean age of the patient was 53 years with male predominance (56). Out of 25 cases, nine patients were obese, 19 patients had a habit of smoking, and 13 patients were suffering from comorbid conditions. The majority of the patients (12 patients) were having intensive care unit stay of 8–14 days. The most common bacteria causing SSIs is found to be Staphylococcus aureus in organ space infections. Conclusion: From the present study, it can be concluded that even though risk statistical significance can be ruled out, it is important to consider the certain risk factors preoperatively to provide proper health-care facility.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"44 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72990449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01012202310012023
P. Upadhyay, Bhavna Barthunia, Poulomi Bhakta, Amit A Upadhyah
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) was considered primarily as a disease prevalent in Southern Asia and southern Asian immigrants. However, it has been associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation and beginning to garner considerable attention world-wide. The main aim in management of OSMF is to relieve burning sensation and improve mouth opening. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to compare efficacy of curcumin (2 g) and topical clobetasol propionate (0.05%) cream in management of OSMF. Materials and Methods: This prospective and randomized study was conducted among sixty clinically diagnosed patients between age group of 18 and 50 years of age. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group A patients were instructed to apply topical clobetasol propionate cream (0.05%) thrice daily for 6 weeks. Group B patients were prescribed oral curcumin lozenges for 6 weeks. Recalls were done every week for up to 6 weeks for both groups for which burning sensation and mouth opening parameters were recorded. Results: The prevalence of OSMF was more in the younger age group which was due to increase in the chewing habit. Reduction in burning sensation was seen among patients in both groups but a significant reduction of 6.67 was seen with clobetasol group when compared with curcumin group with mean reduction of 2.53. Marked improvement in mouth opening was seen with Clobetasol ointment group when compared to curcumin group with a mean increase in mouth opening of 3.57 mm in the former and only 0.47 mm improvement in the latter. Conclusion: In the present study, both treatments were beneficial in reducing burning sensation significantly with clobetasol group showing better improvement as compared to curcumin group. There was a significant improvement in mouth opening with clobetasol group and nonsignificant results were obtained with curcumin group. Therefore, clobetasol can be opted as a drug of choice in improving mouth opening in OSMF patients.
{"title":"A comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of clobetasol and curcumin in patients with oral submucous fibrosis","authors":"P. Upadhyay, Bhavna Barthunia, Poulomi Bhakta, Amit A Upadhyah","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01012202310012023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01012202310012023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) was considered primarily as a disease prevalent in Southern Asia and southern Asian immigrants. However, it has been associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation and beginning to garner considerable attention world-wide. The main aim in management of OSMF is to relieve burning sensation and improve mouth opening. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to compare efficacy of curcumin (2 g) and topical clobetasol propionate (0.05%) cream in management of OSMF. Materials and Methods: This prospective and randomized study was conducted among sixty clinically diagnosed patients between age group of 18 and 50 years of age. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group A patients were instructed to apply topical clobetasol propionate cream (0.05%) thrice daily for 6 weeks. Group B patients were prescribed oral curcumin lozenges for 6 weeks. Recalls were done every week for up to 6 weeks for both groups for which burning sensation and mouth opening parameters were recorded. Results: The prevalence of OSMF was more in the younger age group which was due to increase in the chewing habit. Reduction in burning sensation was seen among patients in both groups but a significant reduction of 6.67 was seen with clobetasol group when compared with curcumin group with mean reduction of 2.53. Marked improvement in mouth opening was seen with Clobetasol ointment group when compared to curcumin group with a mean increase in mouth opening of 3.57 mm in the former and only 0.47 mm improvement in the latter. Conclusion: In the present study, both treatments were beneficial in reducing burning sensation significantly with clobetasol group showing better improvement as compared to curcumin group. There was a significant improvement in mouth opening with clobetasol group and nonsignificant results were obtained with curcumin group. Therefore, clobetasol can be opted as a drug of choice in improving mouth opening in OSMF patients.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73069578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01050202310022023
G. Srivastava, Vaishali A. Prajapati, Deepika Singhal, Neha Parmar, Aneri Shah, Smeet Desai
Background: Corneal diseases cause visual impairment and blindness and account for approximately 70–80 lakhs cases of blindness in the world. Treatment for restoring vision in patients with corneal blindness is done with corneal transplantation, which requires corneal donation. At present, in India, the collection of donor’s eyes amounts to around 22,000 eyes each year, which is far less important in terms of need. Therefore, collecting the eyes of donors is of prime importance in any organized effort to reduce corneal blindness. Aims and Objectives: We designed this study to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students toward eye donation. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were given to the 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students and statistical analyses were carried out for checking of knowledge and awareness of the students about eye donation. One hundred and forty-five students from 1st-year MBBS and 145 students from 2nd-year MBBS participated in the study. Ethical permission was obtained before conducting the study. Results: Of the total 290 students, 285 (98.28%) had awareness about eye donation. One hundred and ten (75.8%) 1st-year students and 126 (86.9%) 2nd-year students were aware that eye donation should be made within the first 6 h after death. Conclusion: Although the awareness of eye donation is good in medical students, the number of students pledged is very low. To make the dream of converting the awareness into pledging and procurement of eyes, knowledge about eye donation is highly required. Researchers had worked on multiple strategies to raise awareness for eye donations and corneal transplantation, it is perceived that some innovative strategies must be tried and there is a need for the incorporation of more information into the medical curriculum.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study on awareness of eye donation in medical students","authors":"G. Srivastava, Vaishali A. Prajapati, Deepika Singhal, Neha Parmar, Aneri Shah, Smeet Desai","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01050202310022023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01050202310022023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Corneal diseases cause visual impairment and blindness and account for approximately 70–80 lakhs cases of blindness in the world. Treatment for restoring vision in patients with corneal blindness is done with corneal transplantation, which requires corneal donation. At present, in India, the collection of donor’s eyes amounts to around 22,000 eyes each year, which is far less important in terms of need. Therefore, collecting the eyes of donors is of prime importance in any organized effort to reduce corneal blindness. Aims and Objectives: We designed this study to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students toward eye donation. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were given to the 1st- and 2nd-year MBBS students and statistical analyses were carried out for checking of knowledge and awareness of the students about eye donation. One hundred and forty-five students from 1st-year MBBS and 145 students from 2nd-year MBBS participated in the study. Ethical permission was obtained before conducting the study. Results: Of the total 290 students, 285 (98.28%) had awareness about eye donation. One hundred and ten (75.8%) 1st-year students and 126 (86.9%) 2nd-year students were aware that eye donation should be made within the first 6 h after death. Conclusion: Although the awareness of eye donation is good in medical students, the number of students pledged is very low. To make the dream of converting the awareness into pledging and procurement of eyes, knowledge about eye donation is highly required. Researchers had worked on multiple strategies to raise awareness for eye donations and corneal transplantation, it is perceived that some innovative strategies must be tried and there is a need for the incorporation of more information into the medical curriculum.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75360523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01020202318012023
V. Rayadurgam, V. Konda, Jayaprada R, Manolasya V, R. N
Background: Increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs aim at rationale use of antimicrobial agents in clinical settings by development and implementation of antibiotic policy. As the patterns of antimicrobial resistance vary with organism and time, there is a need for periodic surveillance. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the impact of AMS program on appropriate use of antimicrobial agents and clinical outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (MDR GNB) infections. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study that included patients diagnosed with multidrug-resistance Gram-negative bacterial infections during June to July 2019. Identification of multidrug-resistant organisms was performed as per clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines 2016. Information on the use of empirical antibiotic and other antimicrobial agents after culture and sensitivity report were collected and assessed for appropriateness. All the patients were followed up till discharge. Results: From 170 patients, there were 211 specimens sent for culture and sensitivity and 249 pathogens were isolated. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (42.6%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.9%). Isolates were most resistant to cefazolin (86.7%) and ceftriaxone (83.9%), and most sensitive to polymyxin B (100%) and tigecycline (97.2%). All patients were administered antimicrobial agents as per antibiotic policy of the institute and 154 (90.6%) patients have recovered from illness with a mean length of hospital stay of 19.4 ± 6.6 days. Conclusion: Adherence to antimicrobial policy helps in improved outcomes in patients with MDR GNB infections. Hence, the need to implement AMS program in all hospitals.
{"title":"Impact of antimicrobial stewardship program on clinical outcomes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections at a tertiary care hospital from South India","authors":"V. Rayadurgam, V. Konda, Jayaprada R, Manolasya V, R. N","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01020202318012023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01020202318012023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs aim at rationale use of antimicrobial agents in clinical settings by development and implementation of antibiotic policy. As the patterns of antimicrobial resistance vary with organism and time, there is a need for periodic surveillance. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the impact of AMS program on appropriate use of antimicrobial agents and clinical outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial (MDR GNB) infections. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study that included patients diagnosed with multidrug-resistance Gram-negative bacterial infections during June to July 2019. Identification of multidrug-resistant organisms was performed as per clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines 2016. Information on the use of empirical antibiotic and other antimicrobial agents after culture and sensitivity report were collected and assessed for appropriateness. All the patients were followed up till discharge. Results: From 170 patients, there were 211 specimens sent for culture and sensitivity and 249 pathogens were isolated. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (42.6%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.9%). Isolates were most resistant to cefazolin (86.7%) and ceftriaxone (83.9%), and most sensitive to polymyxin B (100%) and tigecycline (97.2%). All patients were administered antimicrobial agents as per antibiotic policy of the institute and 154 (90.6%) patients have recovered from illness with a mean length of hospital stay of 19.4 ± 6.6 days. Conclusion: Adherence to antimicrobial policy helps in improved outcomes in patients with MDR GNB infections. Hence, the need to implement AMS program in all hospitals.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75163705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.104942022021102022
Vishal Malhotra, S. Oberoi, Ravinder Khaira, G. Girn, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, R. Balgir, Hans Raj
Background: India accounts for (4%) of all malaria cases worldwide. The World malaria report 2017 showed that, by 2016, global progress against malaria had stalled and was off track to meet the Global Technical Strategy milestones for 2020. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess knowledge of rural medical officers (RMO) and health workers on malaria epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment as per National Vector Borne Disease Control Program of India guidelines. Materials and methods: A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was done among government health personnel’s using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: In the present study, 258 health personnel’s participated comprising multipurpose health workers female (MPHW-F), multipurpose health worker male (MPHW-M), and RMO. The standardized score on knowledge of vector biology and epidemiology was 72% and 54% for RMO and (MPHW-M), respectively. On malaria diagnosis, MPHW-M has got median score (53%) as compared to RMO (46%). On national malaria drug policy, there is a marginal difference between median score of RMO (42%) and MPHW-M (40%). Overall, there is incomplete and poor knowledge of treatment of malaria among all health personnel’s with lack of concept about presumptive treatment. Training showed some positive impact on the knowledge of MPHW-F but no impact on MPHW-M. Graduates and experienced workers have got better knowledge than undergraduates and MPHW-M have more knowledge than MPHW-F. There is poor knowledge of reporting formats, and usage of rapid diagnostic kits among all the health personnels. There was no significant impact of education qualification, in service training and work experience on the knowledge of Male health workers. Conclusion: Training needs to be suitably tailored as there is a lot of scope of improvement in the knowledge regarding malaria diagnosis and treatment among health workers.
{"title":"A study to assess knowledge of primary health workers on malaria epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment in Patiala district, India","authors":"Vishal Malhotra, S. Oberoi, Ravinder Khaira, G. Girn, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, R. Balgir, Hans Raj","doi":"10.5455/njppp.2023.13.104942022021102022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.104942022021102022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: India accounts for (4%) of all malaria cases worldwide. The World malaria report 2017 showed that, by 2016, global progress against malaria had stalled and was off track to meet the Global Technical Strategy milestones for 2020. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess knowledge of rural medical officers (RMO) and health workers on malaria epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment as per National Vector Borne Disease Control Program of India guidelines. Materials and methods: A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study was done among government health personnel’s using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: In the present study, 258 health personnel’s participated comprising multipurpose health workers female (MPHW-F), multipurpose health worker male (MPHW-M), and RMO. The standardized score on knowledge of vector biology and epidemiology was 72% and 54% for RMO and (MPHW-M), respectively. On malaria diagnosis, MPHW-M has got median score (53%) as compared to RMO (46%). On national malaria drug policy, there is a marginal difference between median score of RMO (42%) and MPHW-M (40%). Overall, there is incomplete and poor knowledge of treatment of malaria among all health personnel’s with lack of concept about presumptive treatment. Training showed some positive impact on the knowledge of MPHW-F but no impact on MPHW-M. Graduates and experienced workers have got better knowledge than undergraduates and MPHW-M have more knowledge than MPHW-F. There is poor knowledge of reporting formats, and usage of rapid diagnostic kits among all the health personnels. There was no significant impact of education qualification, in service training and work experience on the knowledge of Male health workers. Conclusion: Training needs to be suitably tailored as there is a lot of scope of improvement in the knowledge regarding malaria diagnosis and treatment among health workers.","PeriodicalId":18969,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75934235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：