Soils were collected from 3 agro-ecosystems in Senegal: a millet cultivated field, a one-year-old fallow field and a 17-year-old fallow field. Microbial biomass was higher in the old fallow soil than in the two other soils; bacteria and fungi were more abundant in the old fallow soil, particularly fungi belonging to the genus Mucor. The soils were autoclaved and inoculated with their own soil filtrates, either sterilised or unsterilised. Millet seedlings were planted in the different soils and Helicotylenchus dihystera was added. Irrespective of the microflora treatment, the reproductive index of H. dihystera was similar in the cultivated and the one-year-old fallow soils (Pf/Pi = 20 for an inoculum of about 800 H. dihystera per dm 3 of soil) and the nematodes had no measurable effect on plant dry weight. The native microorganisms had no effect on the reproductive index of H. dihystera. Reproduction in these sandy loam soils was greater than in the old fallow soil which was a loam (Pf/Pi = 6 for an inoculum of about 800 H. dihystera per dm 3 of soil). Soil texture may explain the difference. In the loam soil of the old fallow, the reproductive index of the plant-parasitic nematodes was doubled (Pf/Pi = 8 versus 4) in the presence of the native soil microorganisms. In this treatment, the dry weight of millet was 15% less than that in the nematode-free control. The pathogenicity of H. dihystera increased in soil with a high microbial status and high population of saprophytic fungi.
从塞内加尔的3个农业生态系统收集土壤:一块谷子耕地、一块1年的休耕地和一块17年的休耕地。老休耕土的微生物生物量高于其他两种土壤;细菌和真菌在老休耕土壤中更为丰富，特别是毛霉属真菌。对土壤进行高压灭菌，并用他们自己的土壤滤液接种，灭菌或未灭菌。在不同的土壤中种植谷子幼苗，并添加冬虫夏草。在不同的微生物菌群处理下，栽培土壤和1年的休耕地中，双氏夜蛾的繁殖指数相似(接种约800株双氏夜蛾/ dm 3时，Pf/Pi = 20)，线虫对植株干重无显著影响。原生微生物对双歧杆菌的繁殖指数没有影响。这些沙质壤土的繁殖比壤土的旧休耕土更大(接种约800 H. dihystera / dm 3土壤时，Pf/Pi = 6)。土壤质地可以解释这种差异。在老休耕的壤土中，原生土壤微生物存在时，植物寄生线虫的繁殖指数增加了一倍(Pf/Pi = 8 vs . 4)。在此处理下，谷子干重比无线虫处理减少15%。在微生物状态高、腐生真菌数量多的土壤中，双海丝桃的致病性增强。
{"title":"Influence of Soil Microorganisms On the Reproduction of Helicotylenchus Dihystera and Its Pathogenicity To Millet","authors":"R. Duponnois, C. Villenave","doi":"10.1163/005325998X00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005325998X00072","url":null,"abstract":"Soils were collected from 3 agro-ecosystems in Senegal: a millet cultivated field, a one-year-old fallow field and a 17-year-old fallow field. Microbial biomass was higher in the old fallow soil than in the two other soils; bacteria and fungi were more abundant in the old fallow soil, particularly fungi belonging to the genus Mucor. The soils were autoclaved and inoculated with their own soil filtrates, either sterilised or unsterilised. Millet seedlings were planted in the different soils and Helicotylenchus dihystera was added. Irrespective of the microflora treatment, the reproductive index of H. dihystera was similar in the cultivated and the one-year-old fallow soils (Pf/Pi = 20 for an inoculum of about 800 H. dihystera per dm 3 of soil) and the nematodes had no measurable effect on plant dry weight. The native microorganisms had no effect on the reproductive index of H. dihystera. Reproduction in these sandy loam soils was greater than in the old fallow soil which was a loam (Pf/Pi = 6 for an inoculum of about 800 H. dihystera per dm 3 of soil). Soil texture may explain the difference. In the loam soil of the old fallow, the reproductive index of the plant-parasitic nematodes was doubled (Pf/Pi = 8 versus 4) in the presence of the native soil microorganisms. In this treatment, the dry weight of millet was 15% less than that in the nematode-free control. The pathogenicity of H. dihystera increased in soil with a high microbial status and high population of saprophytic fungi.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86183866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During hatching of cyst nematodes, fluid is released from the egg into the hatching medium. The presence of carbohydrates in the hatching medium of two populations of Heterodera avenae from India and the UK was determined using Western blots probed with different biotinylated lectins. Eighteen specific bands with molecular weights in the range 12-78 kDa were detected in the hatching media collected over the six weeks hatching period. There were no differences between the two populations. The majority of the lectin bands were inhibited by the appropriate competitive sugar, indicating sugar-specific binding. Four different sugars were detected. Of the bands detected with Con A, only two were not completely inhibited which may indicate non sugar-specificity. The possible origin of these carbohydrates during the hatching process is discussed. There were differences in the protein banding pattern of hatched second stage juveniles; an extra band was present at 20 kDa in the population from India, whereas the population from the UK had a band at 34 kDa.
{"title":"Characterization of the hatching fluid from Heterodera avenae","authors":"S. Ibrahim, Rajan, R. Perry","doi":"10.1163/005325998X00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005325998X00054","url":null,"abstract":"During hatching of cyst nematodes, fluid is released from the egg into the hatching medium. The presence of carbohydrates in the hatching medium of two populations of Heterodera avenae from India and the UK was determined using Western blots probed with different biotinylated lectins. Eighteen specific bands with molecular weights in the range 12-78 kDa were detected in the hatching media collected over the six weeks hatching period. There were no differences between the two populations. The majority of the lectin bands were inhibited by the appropriate competitive sugar, indicating sugar-specific binding. Four different sugars were detected. Of the bands detected with Con A, only two were not completely inhibited which may indicate non sugar-specificity. The possible origin of these carbohydrates during the hatching process is discussed. There were differences in the protein banding pattern of hatched second stage juveniles; an extra band was present at 20 kDa in the population from India, whereas the population from the UK had a band at 34 kDa.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87622128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study of type material of Jensenonchus sphagni (Brzeski, 1960) n. comb. and Jensenonchus vorax (Cobb, 1917) Andrassy, 1993 confirmed the validity of J. sphagni. Examination of specimens recorded as Mulveyellus vorax (Cobb, 1917) Siddiqi, 1984 from Scotland, revealed that they were J. sphagni. Both species have been found only in moist natural or semi-natural habitats, often associated with mosses. The geographical distribution of J. vorax seems to be restricted to North America whereas J. sphagni apparently occurs only in Europe, thus, these two nematodes are rare examples of vicariant nematode species.
{"title":"The morphology of Jensenonchus sphagni (brzeski, 1960) n. comb. from Scotland and comments on the taxonomic status and distribution of the species","authors":"V. Peneva, R. Neilson, B. Boag, Derek J. F. Brown","doi":"10.1163/005425998X00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005425998X00035","url":null,"abstract":"A study of type material of Jensenonchus sphagni (Brzeski, 1960) n. comb. and Jensenonchus vorax (Cobb, 1917) Andrassy, 1993 confirmed the validity of J. sphagni. Examination of specimens recorded as Mulveyellus vorax (Cobb, 1917) Siddiqi, 1984 from Scotland, revealed that they were J. sphagni. Both species have been found only in moist natural or semi-natural habitats, often associated with mosses. The geographical distribution of J. vorax seems to be restricted to North America whereas J. sphagni apparently occurs only in Europe, thus, these two nematodes are rare examples of vicariant nematode species.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87216610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The process of spear (odontostyle + odontophore) replacement was determined by studying juveniles of Xiphinema dentatum in different phases of moulting. The process is subdivided into eight distinct phases, each readily identified by characteristic morphological features. The replacement odontostyle takes the functional position by assembling the new stoma behind the lining of the old cheilostoma, at the level where the replacement odontostyle inserts into the old odontophore during early moulting. A new spear is produced by the formation of the new odontophore behind the base of the new functional odontostyle, which was formed either during the previous moulting, or during embryogenesis (spear of the second stage juveniles). The most obvious event during spear replacement is development of a large space, void of tissues, in the region of the old chcilostoma, where a delicate sleeve-like membranous structure, coaxial with the old stoma, was observed. This extends posteriorly from about the old amphids to the lip region border of the newly forming stage. There are two, dorsal and ventral, flap-like cuticular extensions of the base of the cheilostoma lining. In the postlabial region there are, most likely four, sabre blade or carrot-like cuticular extensions.
{"title":"Observations on spear replacement in Xiphinema dentatum (Nematoda: Longidoridae)","authors":"M. Radivojević","doi":"10.1163/005325998X00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005325998X00036","url":null,"abstract":"The process of spear (odontostyle + odontophore) replacement was determined by studying juveniles of Xiphinema dentatum in different phases of moulting. The process is subdivided into eight distinct phases, each readily identified by characteristic morphological features. The replacement odontostyle takes the functional position by assembling the new stoma behind the lining of the old cheilostoma, at the level where the replacement odontostyle inserts into the old odontophore during early moulting. A new spear is produced by the formation of the new odontophore behind the base of the new functional odontostyle, which was formed either during the previous moulting, or during embryogenesis (spear of the second stage juveniles). The most obvious event during spear replacement is development of a large space, void of tissues, in the region of the old chcilostoma, where a delicate sleeve-like membranous structure, coaxial with the old stoma, was observed. This extends posteriorly from about the old amphids to the lip region border of the newly forming stage. There are two, dorsal and ventral, flap-like cuticular extensions of the base of the cheilostoma lining. In the postlabial region there are, most likely four, sabre blade or carrot-like cuticular extensions.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85550728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of Ethmolaimus pratensis (n = 1627 individuals), a common nematode species of Konigssee, was studied throughout 1986. E. pratensis comprised 3.5% of all nematodes in the littoral, 3.1% in the littoriprofundal and 5.5% in the profundal. The species contributed to a considerable portion of nematode biomass in Konigssee with mean annual biomass being highest at 1 m depth (0.14 mg/100 cm 2 ww; 17% of total nematode biomass) and 2 m depth (0.13 mg/100 cm 2 ww; 22% of total nematode biomass). At 190 m depth it was 40% of total nematode biomass. Population density of E. pratensis peaked three times a year at 1 m and 2 m water depth (spring, summer, winter) and twice in deeper regions. There was considerable water depth and time dependent variation in sex ratios of E. pratensis. In littoral and littoriprofundal zones the sex ratio was about 1 : 1, while in the profundal males were very rare. About 48% of E. pratensis individuals were found in the top sediment layer and the percentage increased with increasing water depth. Juveniles and adults of E. pratensis were partially segregated in the sediment column. Morphometric data revealed negligible sexual dimorphism in size, body shape and weight.
1986年全年对国王岛常见线虫种草原小蠹蛾(Ethmolaimus pratensis)的分布进行了研究，共1627只。草叶线虫占滨海地区线虫总数的3.5%，占滨海-深水区线虫总数的3.1%，占深水区线虫总数的5.5%。该物种在国王湖线虫生物量中占有相当大的比例，平均年生物量在1 m深度最高(0.14 mg/100 cm 2 ww);占线虫总生物量的17%)和2米深度(0.13 mg/100 cm 2 ww;占线虫总生物量的22%)。在190 m深度，占线虫总生物量的40%。在水深为1 m和2 m处，草地棘蝗种群密度每年达到3次高峰(春、夏、冬)，在水深较深的地区达到2次高峰。草鱼的性别比例随水深和时间变化较大。在滨海区和滨海-深水区的性别比约为1:1，而深水区的雄性非常罕见。在上层沉积物层中发现了约48%的草地棘蝗个体，随着水深的增加，这一比例增加。在沉积物柱中，草地棘蝗的幼虫和成虫部分分离。形态计量学数据显示，在大小、体型和体重上，性别二态性可以忽略不计。
{"title":"Distribution and Sex Ratio of Ethmolaimus Pratensis De Man, 1880 (Nematoda, Chromadorida) in an Oligotrophic Lake","authors":"W. Traunspurger","doi":"10.1163/005525998X00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005525998X00061","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of Ethmolaimus pratensis (n = 1627 individuals), a common nematode species of Konigssee, was studied throughout 1986. E. pratensis comprised 3.5% of all nematodes in the littoral, 3.1% in the littoriprofundal and 5.5% in the profundal. The species contributed to a considerable portion of nematode biomass in Konigssee with mean annual biomass being highest at 1 m depth (0.14 mg/100 cm 2 ww; 17% of total nematode biomass) and 2 m depth (0.13 mg/100 cm 2 ww; 22% of total nematode biomass). At 190 m depth it was 40% of total nematode biomass. Population density of E. pratensis peaked three times a year at 1 m and 2 m water depth (spring, summer, winter) and twice in deeper regions. There was considerable water depth and time dependent variation in sex ratios of E. pratensis. In littoral and littoriprofundal zones the sex ratio was about 1 : 1, while in the profundal males were very rare. About 48% of E. pratensis individuals were found in the top sediment layer and the percentage increased with increasing water depth. Juveniles and adults of E. pratensis were partially segregated in the sediment column. Morphometric data revealed negligible sexual dimorphism in size, body shape and weight.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77385242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using published records for the widespread, polyphagous, plant-parasitic nematode Paratrichodorus minor and the 'match climates' function of the computer model CLIMEX, we assessed the impact of a 2°C increase in mean annual temperature. Best current distribution records are from eastern Australia and South Africa (26 and 24 respectively). CLIMEX demonstrates a shift in the range of P. minor in Australia and Africa in response to climate warming. The actual changes are dependent on local interactions between topography and climate. With the available data it is reasonable to consider that similar changes in range would occur elsewhere on the globe. The new distribution would be affected by other environmental conditions and any climate-related changes in them.
{"title":"Impact of climatic changes on the distribution of Paratrichodorus minor (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) as estimated using 'CLIMEX'","authors":"G. Yeates, B. Boag, K. Evans, R. Neilson","doi":"10.1163/005425998X00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005425998X00053","url":null,"abstract":"Using published records for the widespread, polyphagous, plant-parasitic nematode Paratrichodorus minor and the 'match climates' function of the computer model CLIMEX, we assessed the impact of a 2°C increase in mean annual temperature. Best current distribution records are from eastern Australia and South Africa (26 and 24 respectively). CLIMEX demonstrates a shift in the range of P. minor in Australia and Africa in response to climate warming. The actual changes are dependent on local interactions between topography and climate. With the available data it is reasonable to consider that similar changes in range would occur elsewhere on the globe. The new distribution would be affected by other environmental conditions and any climate-related changes in them.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78724486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The surface of animal parasitic nematodes has been well studied with respect to its immunological role in host-parasite interactions. However, very little information is available concerning plant parasitic nematode surfaces as primary sites of response to the host environment, and the way that they interact with plant cell wall components is not fully understood. This review examines the surfaces of both the plant cell and the nematode, specifically their composition, and how this changes during parasitism, and their functional roles, which are relevant to the understanding of both compatible and incompatible interactions. Finally, the methods that have been used to study both the plant extracellular matrix and the nematode cuticle are described and their various advantages and disadvantages are analysed.
{"title":"Plant and Nematode Surfaces: Their Structure and Importance in Host-Parasite Interactions","authors":"M. J. Nobre, K. Evans","doi":"10.1163/005325998X00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005325998X00018","url":null,"abstract":"The surface of animal parasitic nematodes has been well studied with respect to its immunological role in host-parasite interactions. However, very little information is available concerning plant parasitic nematode surfaces as primary sites of response to the host environment, and the way that they interact with plant cell wall components is not fully understood. This review examines the surfaces of both the plant cell and the nematode, specifically their composition, and how this changes during parasitism, and their functional roles, which are relevant to the understanding of both compatible and incompatible interactions. Finally, the methods that have been used to study both the plant extracellular matrix and the nematode cuticle are described and their various advantages and disadvantages are analysed.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90666617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Five new species of mononchs, two of Cobbonchus, two of Iotonchus and one Parahadronchus, are described and illustrated. Cobbonchus inclinatus sp. n. is distinct in the presence of inclined vulva and absence of vulval papillae. C. papillatus sp. n. has 3-4 pre- and post-vulval papillae; males with 41-52 μm long spicules and 7 ventromedian supplements. Iotonchus apapillatus sp. n. is a large nematode with amphidelphic gonads, highly muscular and atypical vagina, terminal spinneret; males with massive spicules and 17-19 ventromedian supplements. I. southi sp. n. has mono-prodelphic gonads, advulval papillae, subterminal spinneret; males with medium-sized spicules and 12 ventromedian supplements. Parahadronchus magnus sp. n. is distinct in having a larger body of about 4-5 mm, barrel-shaped buccal cavity, atypical vagina; amphidelphic gonads; males with massive spicules and 15-16 ventromedian supplements.
{"title":"Five New Species of Mononchs From Malnad Tracts of Karnataka, India","authors":"M. S. Jairajpuri, M. Dhanam","doi":"10.1163/005225998X00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005225998X00037","url":null,"abstract":"Five new species of mononchs, two of Cobbonchus, two of Iotonchus and one Parahadronchus, are described and illustrated. Cobbonchus inclinatus sp. n. is distinct in the presence of inclined vulva and absence of vulval papillae. C. papillatus sp. n. has 3-4 pre- and post-vulval papillae; males with 41-52 μm long spicules and 7 ventromedian supplements. Iotonchus apapillatus sp. n. is a large nematode with amphidelphic gonads, highly muscular and atypical vagina, terminal spinneret; males with massive spicules and 17-19 ventromedian supplements. I. southi sp. n. has mono-prodelphic gonads, advulval papillae, subterminal spinneret; males with medium-sized spicules and 12 ventromedian supplements. Parahadronchus magnus sp. n. is distinct in having a larger body of about 4-5 mm, barrel-shaped buccal cavity, atypical vagina; amphidelphic gonads; males with massive spicules and 15-16 ventromedian supplements.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87133310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Manzanilla-López, J. Rowe, M. Gravato-Nobre, N. V. Mende, K. Evans
{"title":"External secretions from the false root-knot nematode, Nacobbus aberrans","authors":"R. Manzanilla-López, J. Rowe, M. Gravato-Nobre, N. V. Mende, K. Evans","doi":"10.1163/005425998X00099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005425998X00099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77126044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The species status of the European root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne G61di, 1892) was studied. Types of M. arenaria, M. ardenensis, M. artiellia, M. chitwoodi, M. deconincki, M. duytsi, M. exigua, M. fallax, M. gramimis, M. hapla, M. hispanica, M. incognita, M. javanica, M. kirjanovae, M. kralli, M. litoralis, M. lusitanica, M. maritima and M. naasi were compared, and available living material was used for isozyme tests. It is concluded that the original species descriptions of M. deconincki and M. litoralis were based on a mixture of M. ardenensis and M. hapla; both are considered as junior synonyms of M. ardenensis. No types or populations of M. megriensis were available; it is regarded as a specie.s inquirenda. The occurrence of M. exigua and M. gramini,s was reviewed; it is not likely that either is native to Europe. Meloidogyne kirjanovae is considered as a junior synonym of M. incognita. An undescribed species from the river Rhine, resembling M. caraganae and M. turke.stanica is reported. Finally the status of the species described by Chitwood (1949) is discussed and a key to the 14 described European species is proposed
{"title":"Revision of the genus Meloidogyne Goldi, 1892 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in Europe","authors":"G. Karssen, T. V. Hoenselaar","doi":"10.1163/005725998X00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005725998X00096","url":null,"abstract":"The species status of the European root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne G61di, 1892) was studied. Types of M. arenaria, M. ardenensis, M. artiellia, M. chitwoodi, M. deconincki, M. duytsi, M. exigua, M. fallax, M. gramimis, M. hapla, M. hispanica, M. incognita, M. javanica, M. kirjanovae, M. kralli, M. litoralis, M. lusitanica, M. maritima and M. naasi were compared, and available living material was used for isozyme tests. It is concluded that the original species descriptions of M. deconincki and M. litoralis were based on a mixture of M. ardenensis and M. hapla; both are considered as junior synonyms of M. ardenensis. No types or populations of M. megriensis were available; it is regarded as a specie.s inquirenda. The occurrence of M. exigua and M. gramini,s was reviewed; it is not likely that either is native to Europe. Meloidogyne kirjanovae is considered as a junior synonym of M. incognita. An undescribed species from the river Rhine, resembling M. caraganae and M. turke.stanica is reported. Finally the status of the species described by Chitwood (1949) is discussed and a key to the 14 described European species is proposed","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81653822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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