The proportion of eggs of Meloidogyne incognita which hatched following extraction from egg masses with sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) was shown to be related to the proportion that were embryonated at the time of extraction. Following NaOCl extraction, young egg masses (4-5 weeks after inoculation), which contained proportionally fewer embryonated eggs, yielded proportionally fewer juveniles than did old egg-masses (8-9 weeks). Using eggs extracted with NaOCl as inoculum a similar difference was observed in the numbers of juveniles which invaded tomato roots. Differences between two experiments in the rate at which eggs were released by the same nominal concentration of NaOCl were subsequently attributed to differences in chlorine (Cl) content. A further experiment where the Cl content was assayed showed that the numbers of eggs extracted increased, but that their viability decreased, with increasing concentration and duration of exposure to NaOCl. Overall, NaOCl was most effective when used on older egg masses with a high proportion of embryonated eggs.
{"title":"The viability of Meloidogyne incognita eggs released from egg masses of different ages using different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite","authors":"M. Ehwaeti, M. Phillips, D. Trudgill","doi":"10.1163/005325998X00081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005325998X00081","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion of eggs of Meloidogyne incognita which hatched following extraction from egg masses with sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) was shown to be related to the proportion that were embryonated at the time of extraction. Following NaOCl extraction, young egg masses (4-5 weeks after inoculation), which contained proportionally fewer embryonated eggs, yielded proportionally fewer juveniles than did old egg-masses (8-9 weeks). Using eggs extracted with NaOCl as inoculum a similar difference was observed in the numbers of juveniles which invaded tomato roots. Differences between two experiments in the rate at which eggs were released by the same nominal concentration of NaOCl were subsequently attributed to differences in chlorine (Cl) content. A further experiment where the Cl content was assayed showed that the numbers of eggs extracted increased, but that their viability decreased, with increasing concentration and duration of exposure to NaOCl. Overall, NaOCl was most effective when used on older egg masses with a high proportion of embryonated eggs.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"8 1","pages":"207-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87903120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
General morphological aspects of the genus Basiria Siddiqi, 1959 are described and discussed. The variability and taxonomic importance of several morphological f'eatures are evaluated. Body, tail and stylet length which have been uscd Ibr differentiation of some species are considered to be variable characters. The position of the median bulb (MB ratio) and the number of lateral lines are the most reliable characters Ior Basiria species differentiation. The shape of basal bulb and head, position of the dorsal oesophageal gland orifice, and the tail shape (in specres with short and conical tail) are also to some extent reliable. The diagnosis of Basiria is emended and close relationships with other genera are briefly discussed. The list of 35 species included in the genus and a key to therr identification are provided.
{"title":"The genus Basiria Siddiqi, 1959 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) IV. General discussion, genus diagnosis and key to the species.","authors":"A. Karegar, E. Geraert","doi":"10.1163/005225998X00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005225998X00019","url":null,"abstract":"General morphological aspects of the genus Basiria Siddiqi, 1959 are described and discussed. The variability and taxonomic importance of several morphological f'eatures are evaluated. Body, tail and stylet length which have been uscd Ibr differentiation of some species are considered to be variable characters. The position of the median bulb (MB ratio) and the number of lateral lines are the most reliable characters Ior Basiria species differentiation. The shape of basal bulb and head, position of the dorsal oesophageal gland orifice, and the tail shape (in specres with short and conical tail) are also to some extent reliable. The diagnosis of Basiria is emended and close relationships with other genera are briefly discussed. The list of 35 species included in the genus and a key to therr identification are provided.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"174 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85410627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the description of Plectus sabinae sp.n., which differs from other species of the genus, in its extremely long tail, 125-233 μm, c = 2.7-4.1, c' = 21-31. The males of Plectus longicaudatus and Plectus minumus are described for the first time.
{"title":"Description of a New Species of Plectus Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda: Plectidae) and the Males of Two Other Species From Northern Spain","authors":"M. Hernández, A. Imaz, I. Armendâriz","doi":"10.1163/005725998X00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005725998X00041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the description of Plectus sabinae sp.n., which differs from other species of the genus, in its extremely long tail, 125-233 μm, c = 2.7-4.1, c' = 21-31. The males of Plectus longicaudatus and Plectus minumus are described for the first time.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"101 1","pages":"631-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75452550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 18-26S region of rDNA of P. coffeae and P. loosi were amplified by PCR from genomic DNA. Sequence analyses indicated that the 5.8S gene sequences were conserved whereas the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were divergent. Sequence differences in the ITS were used to synthesize specific primer sets to differentiate P. coffeae and P. loosi. PCR assays with these primers specifically amplified a characteristic DNA fragment from each species. Moreover, the same specific amplification products were obtained using DNA extracted from single females males or juveniles.
{"title":"Identification of Pratylenchus Coffeae and P. Loosi Using Specific Primers for PCR Amplification of Ribosomal DNA","authors":"T. Uehara, T. Mizukubo, A. Kushida, Y. Momota","doi":"10.1163/005525998X00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005525998X00034","url":null,"abstract":"The 18-26S region of rDNA of P. coffeae and P. loosi were amplified by PCR from genomic DNA. Sequence analyses indicated that the 5.8S gene sequences were conserved whereas the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were divergent. Sequence differences in the ITS were used to synthesize specific primer sets to differentiate P. coffeae and P. loosi. PCR assays with these primers specifically amplified a characteristic DNA fragment from each species. Moreover, the same specific amplification products were obtained using DNA extracted from single females males or juveniles.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"5 1","pages":"357-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78410459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The suppressiveness of Sahel soil against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica was studied. This soil was compared to another of the same type, collected from an adjacent vegetable plot. However, only one soil was infested by Pasteuria penetrans. Tomato plant and nematode development were greater in the soil with the P. penetrans. The multiplication of P. penetrans added to both sterilized soils was effective. Moreover, the presence of P. penetrans was associated with a larger microbial population (bacteria (fluorescent Pseudomonas), nematophagous and mycorrhizal fungi) which stimulated the attachment of Pasteuria spores to root-knot nematode juveniles. The incidence of the interactions between these microorganisms on the multiplication of the root-knot nematodes is discussed.
{"title":"Influence of the Microbial Community of a Sahel Soil On the Interactions Between Meloidogyne Javanica and Pasteuria Penetrans","authors":"R. Duponnois, A. Bâ","doi":"10.1163/005525998X00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005525998X00016","url":null,"abstract":"The suppressiveness of Sahel soil against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica was studied. This soil was compared to another of the same type, collected from an adjacent vegetable plot. However, only one soil was infested by Pasteuria penetrans. Tomato plant and nematode development were greater in the soil with the P. penetrans. The multiplication of P. penetrans added to both sterilized soils was effective. Moreover, the presence of P. penetrans was associated with a larger microbial population (bacteria (fluorescent Pseudomonas), nematophagous and mycorrhizal fungi) which stimulated the attachment of Pasteuria spores to root-knot nematode juveniles. The incidence of the interactions between these microorganisms on the multiplication of the root-knot nematodes is discussed.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"83 1","pages":"331-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77039492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What are symbiotic bacteria doing in the ovaria of Xiphinema americanum-group species?","authors":"A. Coomans, A. Willems","doi":"10.1163/005425998X00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005425998X00080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"17 1","pages":"323-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75469697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Penjatinema natalense n.gen., n.sp. is described from coastal dune sands in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The new species differs from all other Cephaloboidea in having a conspicuously striated cuticle with pronounced longitudinal ridges, and in the absence of lateral lines or incisures. It agrees with Cephalobidae in head structure and the possession of labial probolae, as well as in the structure of the reproductive system. A new subfamily, Penjatinematinae, is proposed to accommodate this remarkable nematode.
{"title":"On the Morphology of Penjatinema Natalense N.Gen., N.Sp., With Proposal of a New Subfamily, Penjatinematinae (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae)","authors":"J. Heyns, A. Swart","doi":"10.1163/005525998X00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005525998X00052","url":null,"abstract":"Penjatinema natalense n.gen., n.sp. is described from coastal dune sands in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The new species differs from all other Cephaloboidea in having a conspicuously striated cuticle with pronounced longitudinal ridges, and in the absence of lateral lines or incisures. It agrees with Cephalobidae in head structure and the possession of labial probolae, as well as in the structure of the reproductive system. A new subfamily, Penjatinematinae, is proposed to accommodate this remarkable nematode.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"143 1","pages":"381-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77451199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forty populations of Globodera pallida originating from either South America or field sites in Europe were tested for their reproductive ability on a susceptible potato cultivar and five genotypes with quantitative resistance from either Solanum vernei or S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802 in a glasshouse pot experiment. The results showed that there was a wide and continuous range of virulence (85% to 4% reproduction) to all the resistant genotypes. This range was as broad within the European populations as within those from S. America. There was a significant host clone x nematode population interaction, largely accounted for by grouping the clones according to the source of resistance and the populations by their continent of origin. Populations from Europe were relatively more virulent on genotypes derived from S. vernei. In contrast, populations from S. America were relatively more virulent on genotypes derived from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802. Examination of the data from the European populations also showed a significant host x population interaction tending to separate British from mainland European populations.
{"title":"Variation of Virulence, in Terms of Quantitative Reproduction of Globodera Pallida Populations, From Europe and South America, in Relation To Resistance From Solanum Vernei and S. Tuberosum Ssp. Andigena Cpc 2802","authors":"M. Phillips, D. Trudgill","doi":"10.1163/005525998X00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005525998X00070","url":null,"abstract":"Forty populations of Globodera pallida originating from either South America or field sites in Europe were tested for their reproductive ability on a susceptible potato cultivar and five genotypes with quantitative resistance from either Solanum vernei or S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802 in a glasshouse pot experiment. The results showed that there was a wide and continuous range of virulence (85% to 4% reproduction) to all the resistant genotypes. This range was as broad within the European populations as within those from S. America. There was a significant host clone x nematode population interaction, largely accounted for by grouping the clones according to the source of resistance and the populations by their continent of origin. Populations from Europe were relatively more virulent on genotypes derived from S. vernei. In contrast, populations from S. America were relatively more virulent on genotypes derived from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena CPC 2802. Examination of the data from the European populations also showed a significant host x population interaction tending to separate British from mainland European populations.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"38 1","pages":"409-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89041847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. F. Bendezu, K. Evans, P. Burrows, D. D. Pomerai, M. Canto-Saenz
Eleven populations of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida from the UK and Peru were analyzed and compared using RAPD-PCR with four 10-mer primers. In addition, seven populations of G. rostochiensis from the UK and single populations from Germany, the Netherlands and Bolivia were included for comparison. Genomic variability was found both between and within species, with more variability in G. pallida than G. rostochiensis. The genomic pool of British G. pallida populations showed considerably less variation than the Peruvian populations, with 73% and 41% similarity between populations respectively. The genomic similarity among populations of G. rostochiensis was 89% for UK populations and 82% when the two continental European populations were included. Nevertheless, between populations within each species and from the same locality, genomic differences were still found.
{"title":"Inter and intra-specific genomic variability of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis from Europe and South America using RAPD-PCR.","authors":"I. F. Bendezu, K. Evans, P. Burrows, D. D. Pomerai, M. Canto-Saenz","doi":"10.1163/005225998X00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005225998X00064","url":null,"abstract":"Eleven populations of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida from the UK and Peru were analyzed and compared using RAPD-PCR with four 10-mer primers. In addition, seven populations of G. rostochiensis from the UK and single populations from Germany, the Netherlands and Bolivia were included for comparison. Genomic variability was found both between and within species, with more variability in G. pallida than G. rostochiensis. The genomic pool of British G. pallida populations showed considerably less variation than the Peruvian populations, with 73% and 41% similarity between populations respectively. The genomic similarity among populations of G. rostochiensis was 89% for UK populations and 82% when the two continental European populations were included. Nevertheless, between populations within each species and from the same locality, genomic differences were still found.","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"323 1","pages":"49-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75457681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taxonomic comments on the genus Steinernema (Nematoda: Steinernematidae): specific epithets and distribution record","authors":"Jie Liu, G. Poinar, R. Berry","doi":"10.1163/005425998X00071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/005425998X00071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18988,"journal":{"name":"Nematologica","volume":"46 1","pages":"321-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80643396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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