Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated extensively in the past twenty years as a sensitizing agent in photon radiotherapy. Targeted delivery of AuNPs to specific sites in cells and tissues contributes to highly localized radiation dose enhancement, whereby the surrounding healthy structures can be largely spared from the unwanted radiation effects. The efficiency of introduced AuNPs with regard to dose enhancement depends on the properties of the nanoparticles since not all of deposited radiation energy reaches the intended biological target but is partially absorbed within the nanoparticles themselves or distributed elsewhere. The present paper investigates the influence of AuNP shape and localization on the enhancement and intracellular distribution of deposited energy in radiation therapy with photons. Energy deposition patterns are calculated with nanoscale accuracy through Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport, which are optimized to accommodate a structured geometrical representation of the region loaded with AuNPs, i.e., to allow discrete modeling of individual nanoparticles. Same-volume nanoparticles of three commonly encountered shapes—nanospheres, nanorods, and square nanoplates—are examined, in order to inspect the differences in the propagation and absorption of secondary charged particles produced by the incident photons. Five different spatial distributions of spherical AuNPs at the single-cell level are studied in the simulations and compared according to the energy deposited in the cell nucleus. Photon energy, nanoparticle size, and concentration are also varied across simulation runs, and their influence is analyzed in connection to nanoparticle shape and localization. The obtained results reveal how the investigated nanoparticle properties affect their dose-enhancing ability and irradiation specificity in AuNP-augmented radiotherapy.
{"title":"Influence of Gold Nanoparticle Shape and Single-Cell Localization on Energy Deposition Efficiency and Irradiation Specificity in Photon Radiotherapy","authors":"Slobodan Milutinović, M. Pandurović, M. Vujisić","doi":"10.1155/2023/9841614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9841614","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated extensively in the past twenty years as a sensitizing agent in photon radiotherapy. Targeted delivery of AuNPs to specific sites in cells and tissues contributes to highly localized radiation dose enhancement, whereby the surrounding healthy structures can be largely spared from the unwanted radiation effects. The efficiency of introduced AuNPs with regard to dose enhancement depends on the properties of the nanoparticles since not all of deposited radiation energy reaches the intended biological target but is partially absorbed within the nanoparticles themselves or distributed elsewhere. The present paper investigates the influence of AuNP shape and localization on the enhancement and intracellular distribution of deposited energy in radiation therapy with photons. Energy deposition patterns are calculated with nanoscale accuracy through Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport, which are optimized to accommodate a structured geometrical representation of the region loaded with AuNPs, i.e., to allow discrete modeling of individual nanoparticles. Same-volume nanoparticles of three commonly encountered shapes—nanospheres, nanorods, and square nanoplates—are examined, in order to inspect the differences in the propagation and absorption of secondary charged particles produced by the incident photons. Five different spatial distributions of spherical AuNPs at the single-cell level are studied in the simulations and compared according to the energy deposited in the cell nucleus. Photon energy, nanoparticle size, and concentration are also varied across simulation runs, and their influence is analyzed in connection to nanoparticle shape and localization. The obtained results reveal how the investigated nanoparticle properties affect their dose-enhancing ability and irradiation specificity in AuNP-augmented radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44440685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kashaf Sehar, Muhammad Saeed, M. Murtaza, Manzar Zahra, A. Waseem
Bismuthoxide-based catalysts gained attention for photocatalytic remediation of environmental pollutants owing to their low cost, feasibility, stability, small, and tunable band gap. In the present work, bismuth molybdate was modified via transition metal doping to achieve maximum catalytic efficiency. This aim was accomplished by synthesizing novel Cu2+ and Ni2+ codoped bismuth molybdate (CuNi/Bi2MoO6, Cu/Bi2MoO6, and Ni/Bi2MoO6) which were utilized for heavy metal reduction and dyes degradation. Pure bismuth molybdate was also fabricated for comparative studies. All the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX. Optical studies for band gap calculations were carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and decrease in band gap was observed in doped materials. Pseudo-first-order kinetic studies were performed to find the rate constants and regression values for Cr(VI) reduction and degradation of rhodamine B and malachite green using CuNi/Bi2MoO6. Codoped bismuth molybdate exhibited more than 95% photocatalytic performance for Cr(VI) reduction and degradation of rhodamine B and malachite green dyes. Reusability of catalyst was confirmed up to six cycles. Considering its catalytic proficiency, CuNi/Bi2MoO6 is anticipated to be utilized for more environment friendly applications in future.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Environmental Applications of Cu-Ni-Doped Bismuth Molybdate","authors":"Kashaf Sehar, Muhammad Saeed, M. Murtaza, Manzar Zahra, A. Waseem","doi":"10.1155/2023/9793804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9793804","url":null,"abstract":"Bismuthoxide-based catalysts gained attention for photocatalytic remediation of environmental pollutants owing to their low cost, feasibility, stability, small, and tunable band gap. In the present work, bismuth molybdate was modified via transition metal doping to achieve maximum catalytic efficiency. This aim was accomplished by synthesizing novel Cu2+ and Ni2+ codoped bismuth molybdate (CuNi/Bi2MoO6, Cu/Bi2MoO6, and Ni/Bi2MoO6) which were utilized for heavy metal reduction and dyes degradation. Pure bismuth molybdate was also fabricated for comparative studies. All the prepared samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX. Optical studies for band gap calculations were carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and decrease in band gap was observed in doped materials. Pseudo-first-order kinetic studies were performed to find the rate constants and regression values for Cr(VI) reduction and degradation of rhodamine B and malachite green using CuNi/Bi2MoO6. Codoped bismuth molybdate exhibited more than 95% photocatalytic performance for Cr(VI) reduction and degradation of rhodamine B and malachite green dyes. Reusability of catalyst was confirmed up to six cycles. Considering its catalytic proficiency, CuNi/Bi2MoO6 is anticipated to be utilized for more environment friendly applications in future.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42861046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jelena Filipović Tričković, M. Momčilović, G. Joksić, S. Živković, Bojana Ilić, M. Ognjanović, M. Novaković, Ana Valenta Šobot
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been recognized for widespread biological applications due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, especially in dentistry and for wound healing. Many features determine their beneficial or toxic potential, such as their synthesis type, size, morphology, coating, and concentration. Most synthesis types rely on the use of synthetic chemicals, which contributes to their toxicity. We present an environmentally friendly method for “green” synthesis of AgNPs from the silver target by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) using citrate as the stabilizing agent. Since AgNPs already have many dental applications, we examined their antibacterial effect against supragingival biofilm-forming bacteria and bacterial strains known to cause resistant dental infections. Their impact on human fibroblast cells’ cytotoxicity, proliferation (measured by XTT and Ki-67 immunofluorescence), pro/antioxidant balance, and lipid peroxidation (measured by PAB and LPP) was evaluated. AgNPs1 (21 nm) and AgNPs2 (15 nm) spherical nanoparticles with good overall stability were obtained. The highest tested dose of smaller nanoparticles (AgNPs2) displays not only an effective antibacterial effect against the tested oral bacteria strains but also a pro-oxidant and cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells. Lower doses do not affect bacterial survival but increase the cell proliferation and metabolic activity and show an antioxidative effect, suggesting that different concentrations display a substantially opposite effect. Compared to larger AgNPs1, smaller AgNPs2 possess more potent biological effects, indicating that size plays a pivotal role in their activity. Such opposite outcomes could be important for their medical application, and high concentrations could be used for the inhibition of dental biofilm formation and resistant dental infections as well as proliferative conditions, while low doses could be beneficial in the treatment of atrophic and inflammatory disorders. Finally, we showed that silver-targeted PLAL, using citrate as a stabilizing agent, produces biologically potent nanoparticles that could have many applications depending on their size and concentration.
{"title":"Laser Ablated Citrate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Display Size and Concentration Dependant Biological Effects","authors":"Jelena Filipović Tričković, M. Momčilović, G. Joksić, S. Živković, Bojana Ilić, M. Ognjanović, M. Novaković, Ana Valenta Šobot","doi":"10.1155/2023/9854356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9854356","url":null,"abstract":"Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been recognized for widespread biological applications due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, especially in dentistry and for wound healing. Many features determine their beneficial or toxic potential, such as their synthesis type, size, morphology, coating, and concentration. Most synthesis types rely on the use of synthetic chemicals, which contributes to their toxicity. We present an environmentally friendly method for “green” synthesis of AgNPs from the silver target by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) using citrate as the stabilizing agent. Since AgNPs already have many dental applications, we examined their antibacterial effect against supragingival biofilm-forming bacteria and bacterial strains known to cause resistant dental infections. Their impact on human fibroblast cells’ cytotoxicity, proliferation (measured by XTT and Ki-67 immunofluorescence), pro/antioxidant balance, and lipid peroxidation (measured by PAB and LPP) was evaluated. AgNPs1 (21 nm) and AgNPs2 (15 nm) spherical nanoparticles with good overall stability were obtained. The highest tested dose of smaller nanoparticles (AgNPs2) displays not only an effective antibacterial effect against the tested oral bacteria strains but also a pro-oxidant and cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells. Lower doses do not affect bacterial survival but increase the cell proliferation and metabolic activity and show an antioxidative effect, suggesting that different concentrations display a substantially opposite effect. Compared to larger AgNPs1, smaller AgNPs2 possess more potent biological effects, indicating that size plays a pivotal role in their activity. Such opposite outcomes could be important for their medical application, and high concentrations could be used for the inhibition of dental biofilm formation and resistant dental infections as well as proliferative conditions, while low doses could be beneficial in the treatment of atrophic and inflammatory disorders. Finally, we showed that silver-targeted PLAL, using citrate as a stabilizing agent, produces biologically potent nanoparticles that could have many applications depending on their size and concentration.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43001612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Putri, A. Petchsuk, Suthawan Buchatip, W. Supmak, C. Kaewsaneha, K. Thananukul, Bunthoeun Nim, S. Bayram, K. Thumanu, P. Opaprakasit
The role of eumelanin as a natural pigment in protecting human skin from ultraviolet (UV) light has drawn vast interest in the research and industrial community. Encapsulation of the compound by various shell materials has been extensively studied to optimize and prolong its shielding efficiency from UV penetration through the skin. Polylactide (PLA)-based copolymers have been widely used in the encapsulation of various active compounds due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability that facilitate sustained release of the active compounds. In this work, stereocomplex PLA (sc-PLA) derived from mixtures of poly(D-lactide-caprolactone-D-lactide), P(DLA-b-CL-b-DLA), a triblock copolymer with linear poly(L-lactide), and PLLA are employed to encapsulate eumelanin by an oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) technique. The effect of eumelanin distribution in PLA’s enantiomers and ultrasonication on the physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, and release behavior of the nano/microparticles were evaluated. The potential application of the resulting particles for sunscreen products was assessed in terms of UV absorbance and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF). The nano/microparticles show a hollow spherical structure, whose size can be controlled by ultrasonication. The distribution of eumelanin and the ultrasonication process play a key role in the growth of sc-PLA and the crystalline structure of the particles. The highest encapsulation efficiency of 46.6% was achieved for sc-PLA2U particles. The high content of eumelanin and the hollow structure with a large surface area lead to improvement in the UV absorbance and sunscreen performance of the particles, as revealed by the increase in the SPF value from 9.7 to 16.5. The materials show high potential for various applications, especially in cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields, as UV-shielding products.
{"title":"Preparation of Eumelanin-Encapsulated Stereocomplex Polylactide Nano/Microparticles for Degradable Biocompatible UV-Shielding Products","authors":"O. Putri, A. Petchsuk, Suthawan Buchatip, W. Supmak, C. Kaewsaneha, K. Thananukul, Bunthoeun Nim, S. Bayram, K. Thumanu, P. Opaprakasit","doi":"10.1155/2023/9832904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9832904","url":null,"abstract":"The role of eumelanin as a natural pigment in protecting human skin from ultraviolet (UV) light has drawn vast interest in the research and industrial community. Encapsulation of the compound by various shell materials has been extensively studied to optimize and prolong its shielding efficiency from UV penetration through the skin. Polylactide (PLA)-based copolymers have been widely used in the encapsulation of various active compounds due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability that facilitate sustained release of the active compounds. In this work, stereocomplex PLA (sc-PLA) derived from mixtures of poly(D-lactide-caprolactone-D-lactide), P(DLA-b-CL-b-DLA), a triblock copolymer with linear poly(L-lactide), and PLLA are employed to encapsulate eumelanin by an oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) technique. The effect of eumelanin distribution in PLA’s enantiomers and ultrasonication on the physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, and release behavior of the nano/microparticles were evaluated. The potential application of the resulting particles for sunscreen products was assessed in terms of UV absorbance and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF). The nano/microparticles show a hollow spherical structure, whose size can be controlled by ultrasonication. The distribution of eumelanin and the ultrasonication process play a key role in the growth of sc-PLA and the crystalline structure of the particles. The highest encapsulation efficiency of 46.6% was achieved for sc-PLA2U particles. The high content of eumelanin and the hollow structure with a large surface area lead to improvement in the UV absorbance and sunscreen performance of the particles, as revealed by the increase in the SPF value from 9.7 to 16.5. The materials show high potential for various applications, especially in cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields, as UV-shielding products.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47620455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1177/18479804221110023
Yi-Xiu Du, Li-Jun Zhou, Jian-Gang Guo
The stress-strain response of pristine monolayer graphene under uniaxial loading/unloading over a more extensive size range (100 nm×100 nm) is studied by molecular dynamics simulations, which prove...
{"title":"The influence of strain range, size and chiral on mechanical properties of graphene: Molecular dynamics insights","authors":"Yi-Xiu Du, Li-Jun Zhou, Jian-Gang Guo","doi":"10.1177/18479804221110023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804221110023","url":null,"abstract":"The stress-strain response of pristine monolayer graphene under uniaxial loading/unloading over a more extensive size range (100 nm×100 nm) is studied by molecular dynamics simulations, which prove...","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804221108254
A. Madiehe, K. Moabelo, Keletso Modise, N. R. Sibuyi, S. Meyer, Admire Dube, M. Onani, M. Meyer
Along with the increasing requirement for efficient organic conversions using green chemistry, there is a need to develop highly efficient and eco-friendly catalytic reaction systems. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based nanocatalysts are promising candidates for the reduction of environmental pollutants, such as nitroaromatics and dyes. This study reports on the green synthesis of AuNPs using Carpobrotus edulis (C. edulis) fruit aqueous extract (CeFE) and their catalytic activities. The CeFE induced rapid reduction of gold (III) salt to form monodispersed and spherical AuNPs, with a core and hydrodynamic sizes of 40 and 108.7 nm, respectively. CeFE alone had no effect on 4-nitrophenol, whereas incubation with methylene blue (MB) caused reduction of the peak at 665 nm. Addition of CeFE-AuNPs in the presence of NaBH4, caused the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-AP, and MB to leucoMB within 10 min. These reactions followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. Therefore, biogenic CeFE-AuNPs could be used for the elimination of noxious environmental pollutants.
{"title":"Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue by biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesized using Carpobrotus edulis fruit (sour fig) extract","authors":"A. Madiehe, K. Moabelo, Keletso Modise, N. R. Sibuyi, S. Meyer, Admire Dube, M. Onani, M. Meyer","doi":"10.1177/18479804221108254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804221108254","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the increasing requirement for efficient organic conversions using green chemistry, there is a need to develop highly efficient and eco-friendly catalytic reaction systems. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based nanocatalysts are promising candidates for the reduction of environmental pollutants, such as nitroaromatics and dyes. This study reports on the green synthesis of AuNPs using Carpobrotus edulis (C. edulis) fruit aqueous extract (CeFE) and their catalytic activities. The CeFE induced rapid reduction of gold (III) salt to form monodispersed and spherical AuNPs, with a core and hydrodynamic sizes of 40 and 108.7 nm, respectively. CeFE alone had no effect on 4-nitrophenol, whereas incubation with methylene blue (MB) caused reduction of the peak at 665 nm. Addition of CeFE-AuNPs in the presence of NaBH4, caused the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-AP, and MB to leucoMB within 10 min. These reactions followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. Therefore, biogenic CeFE-AuNPs could be used for the elimination of noxious environmental pollutants.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49167668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804221082778
M. Martínez-García, J. Pichardo-Molina, N. Arzate-Plata, J. J. Alvarado-Gil
We report a simple preparation of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with gold concave nanocubes of different sizes, deposited onto aluminum slides. The SERS substrates were characterized using 4-Aminothiophenol. Resulting in that the substrate prepared with 55 nm nanocubes exhibits the higher analytical enhancement factor (AEF), 1.5 × 106. Moreover, the SERS substrates’ performance was also evaluated for thiram detection using a series of water and tomato juice samples spiked with the pesticide. Our results show that the excellent performance of the substrate allows the detection of thiram with high sensitivity. The substrates were able to detect thiram with a limit of detection of 7 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively, in water and tomato juice. Our preliminary results open the possibility of using our methodology to detect diverse pollutants of interest.
{"title":"Concave gold nanoparticles on aluminum as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for detection of thiram","authors":"M. Martínez-García, J. Pichardo-Molina, N. Arzate-Plata, J. J. Alvarado-Gil","doi":"10.1177/18479804221082778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804221082778","url":null,"abstract":"We report a simple preparation of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with gold concave nanocubes of different sizes, deposited onto aluminum slides. The SERS substrates were characterized using 4-Aminothiophenol. Resulting in that the substrate prepared with 55 nm nanocubes exhibits the higher analytical enhancement factor (AEF), 1.5 × 106. Moreover, the SERS substrates’ performance was also evaluated for thiram detection using a series of water and tomato juice samples spiked with the pesticide. Our results show that the excellent performance of the substrate allows the detection of thiram with high sensitivity. The substrates were able to detect thiram with a limit of detection of 7 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively, in water and tomato juice. Our preliminary results open the possibility of using our methodology to detect diverse pollutants of interest.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47369767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804221096540
Gai Zhang, Yufan Zhang, A. Tan, Hongwei Zhou, Weifeng Zhao, Weixing Chen
Dinuclear metallophthalocyanines Fe2Pc2(CP)4 containing carboxyl substitutes were wrapped with amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2) to enhance electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using a facile “in situ” amidation reaction. The morphological characteristics and chemical environment of the Fe2Pc2(CP)4/MWCNTs-NH2 composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of ORR was tested and analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The results showed that the π–π interactions between the Fe2Pc2(CP)4 and MWCNTs-NH2 dramatically enhanced the π electron density in the conjugated structure, and oxygen could be reduced much more easily. Moreover, the oxygen reduction reactions mainly proceeded a one-step four electron process for Fe2Pc2(CP)4/MWCNTs-NH2 catalysts. The dispersion and electrocatalytic performance of M2Pc2Rn had be enhanced after being loaded on functionalized carbon nanotubes.
{"title":"The enhanced activity of dinuclear metallophthalocyanines amino-functionalized carbon nanotube-based oxygen reduction reaction catalysts","authors":"Gai Zhang, Yufan Zhang, A. Tan, Hongwei Zhou, Weifeng Zhao, Weixing Chen","doi":"10.1177/18479804221096540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804221096540","url":null,"abstract":"Dinuclear metallophthalocyanines Fe2Pc2(CP)4 containing carboxyl substitutes were wrapped with amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2) to enhance electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using a facile “in situ” amidation reaction. The morphological characteristics and chemical environment of the Fe2Pc2(CP)4/MWCNTs-NH2 composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of ORR was tested and analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The results showed that the π–π interactions between the Fe2Pc2(CP)4 and MWCNTs-NH2 dramatically enhanced the π electron density in the conjugated structure, and oxygen could be reduced much more easily. Moreover, the oxygen reduction reactions mainly proceeded a one-step four electron process for Fe2Pc2(CP)4/MWCNTs-NH2 catalysts. The dispersion and electrocatalytic performance of M2Pc2Rn had be enhanced after being loaded on functionalized carbon nanotubes.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42014062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804221084822
F. Lionetto, C. Espinoza-González
Polymer-based nanocomposites have received considerable interest in research for the last three decades. Besides improving the properties of parent polymer, the addition of low content of organic or inorganic nanofillers provides new properties to the nanocomposite material while maintaining almost the same processing properties as the starting polymers. Furthermore, the high surface/volume ratio of nanofillers and the interaction between polymer matrix and nanofiller at the molecular level leads to phase interfaces and notable changes in mechanical, optical, electrical properties, etc. Therefore, polymer-based nanocomposites can potentially replace existing materials in different fields such as automotive and transportation, biomedical, energy storage and generation, electronics, construction, piping, intelligent coatings, and environmental protection. Polymer-based nanocomposites represent one of the hottest topics in polymer technology with many application fields. Figure 1 shows the distribution of the scientific articles on polymer nanocomposites among the most crucial application fields in the last decade. Almost half of these application fields are covered by the energy, coatings, environment, sensors, biomedical, packaging, and aerospace sectors. More interesting, the temporal distribution of the scientific publications demonstrates a continuous growth trend reflected in this Special Collection on Emerging polymer-based nanocomposites. Among the multifunctional properties of polymerbased nanocomposites are included anticorrosive, antibacterial, self-cleaning, and eco-friendly effects, which play a prominent role for surface treatments in the contribution of superior physical effects in products. These outstanding properties are achieved when organic or inorganic materials at the nanoscale (nanofillers) are incorporated into polymer matrices. Figure 2 shows the most used nanofillers and polymer matrices in the last decade to prepare polymer nanocomposites among the different application fields. For example, in the case of nanofillers, carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, graphite, and graphene are primarily used in sensors and energy sectors. Also, metal nanoparticles such as silver and gold nanoparticles are primarily used in the biomedical sector. On the other hand, in the case of polymer matrices, biodegradable polymers such as cellulose, polylactic acid (PLA), and chitosan have relevance in the packaging and biomedical sectors. Despite the infinite potential applications, the manufacturing of nanocomposites has still to overcome several challenges for an effective transition frommacro-scale to the nanoscale. For example, a robust interdisciplinary interaction between scientists and engineers is still necessary to understand and optimize the structure-process-properties relationships, achieve a simpler and effective particle exfoliation and dispersion, and reduce manufacturing costs using more compostable and biodegradable po
{"title":"Emerging polymer-based nanocomposites","authors":"F. Lionetto, C. Espinoza-González","doi":"10.1177/18479804221084822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804221084822","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer-based nanocomposites have received considerable interest in research for the last three decades. Besides improving the properties of parent polymer, the addition of low content of organic or inorganic nanofillers provides new properties to the nanocomposite material while maintaining almost the same processing properties as the starting polymers. Furthermore, the high surface/volume ratio of nanofillers and the interaction between polymer matrix and nanofiller at the molecular level leads to phase interfaces and notable changes in mechanical, optical, electrical properties, etc. Therefore, polymer-based nanocomposites can potentially replace existing materials in different fields such as automotive and transportation, biomedical, energy storage and generation, electronics, construction, piping, intelligent coatings, and environmental protection. Polymer-based nanocomposites represent one of the hottest topics in polymer technology with many application fields. Figure 1 shows the distribution of the scientific articles on polymer nanocomposites among the most crucial application fields in the last decade. Almost half of these application fields are covered by the energy, coatings, environment, sensors, biomedical, packaging, and aerospace sectors. More interesting, the temporal distribution of the scientific publications demonstrates a continuous growth trend reflected in this Special Collection on Emerging polymer-based nanocomposites. Among the multifunctional properties of polymerbased nanocomposites are included anticorrosive, antibacterial, self-cleaning, and eco-friendly effects, which play a prominent role for surface treatments in the contribution of superior physical effects in products. These outstanding properties are achieved when organic or inorganic materials at the nanoscale (nanofillers) are incorporated into polymer matrices. Figure 2 shows the most used nanofillers and polymer matrices in the last decade to prepare polymer nanocomposites among the different application fields. For example, in the case of nanofillers, carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, graphite, and graphene are primarily used in sensors and energy sectors. Also, metal nanoparticles such as silver and gold nanoparticles are primarily used in the biomedical sector. On the other hand, in the case of polymer matrices, biodegradable polymers such as cellulose, polylactic acid (PLA), and chitosan have relevance in the packaging and biomedical sectors. Despite the infinite potential applications, the manufacturing of nanocomposites has still to overcome several challenges for an effective transition frommacro-scale to the nanoscale. For example, a robust interdisciplinary interaction between scientists and engineers is still necessary to understand and optimize the structure-process-properties relationships, achieve a simpler and effective particle exfoliation and dispersion, and reduce manufacturing costs using more compostable and biodegradable po","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41557816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804221106321
Ghulam Jabar, Muhammad Saeed, Sadaf Khoso, Anham Zafar, Javed Iqbal Saggu, A. Waseem
The catalysts utilized for oxidative desulfurization have acquired significant attention and ability to improve the quality of the fuel oil by removing sulfur. In this work, the catalysts used for oxidative desulfurization include CoWO4 and Bi2WO6 with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as support were synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal method. Graphitic carbon nitride was obtained by thermal polycondensation of melamine at 550°C for 5 h. These catalysts were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of the support and their structure, morphology, and properties were determined by different characterization techniques (Powder X-Ray Diffractometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Specific Surface Area (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (SBET)). The parameters that affect the efficiency of the desulfurization process such as catalyst amount, amount of oxidizing agent, and reaction temperature have been optimized thoroughly. The oxidative desulfurization reaction was studied in terms of kinetics which shows that reaction is pseudo first order. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the reaction is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The results determined that the catalytic efficiency for the removal of sulfur (as dibenzothiophene) is more than 90% in the presence of support (g-C3N4) to obtain sulfur free fuel.
{"title":"Development of graphitic carbon nitride supported novel nanocomposites for green and efficient oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil","authors":"Ghulam Jabar, Muhammad Saeed, Sadaf Khoso, Anham Zafar, Javed Iqbal Saggu, A. Waseem","doi":"10.1177/18479804221106321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804221106321","url":null,"abstract":"The catalysts utilized for oxidative desulfurization have acquired significant attention and ability to improve the quality of the fuel oil by removing sulfur. In this work, the catalysts used for oxidative desulfurization include CoWO4 and Bi2WO6 with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as support were synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal method. Graphitic carbon nitride was obtained by thermal polycondensation of melamine at 550°C for 5 h. These catalysts were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of the support and their structure, morphology, and properties were determined by different characterization techniques (Powder X-Ray Diffractometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Specific Surface Area (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (SBET)). The parameters that affect the efficiency of the desulfurization process such as catalyst amount, amount of oxidizing agent, and reaction temperature have been optimized thoroughly. The oxidative desulfurization reaction was studied in terms of kinetics which shows that reaction is pseudo first order. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the reaction is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The results determined that the catalytic efficiency for the removal of sulfur (as dibenzothiophene) is more than 90% in the presence of support (g-C3N4) to obtain sulfur free fuel.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48754494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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