Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804211034296
A. Aly, E. M. Mohamed, H. Oztop, Noura Alsedais
This study deals with the roles of a magnetic field and circular rotation of a circular cylinder on the dissemination of solid phase within a nanofluid-filled square cavity. Two wavy layers of the non-Darcy porous media are situated on the vertical sides of a cavity. An incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method was endorsed to carry out the blending process concerning solid phase into nanofluid and porous media layers. Initially, the solid phase is stationed in a circular cylinder containing two open gates. Implications of a buoyancy ratio (N = −2: 2), Hartmann number (Ha = 0: 100), rotational frequency ( ω = 1 : 10 ) , Darcy parameter ( D a = 10 − 2 : 10 − 5 ) , Rayleigh number ( R a = 10 3 : 10 6 ) , nanoparticles parameter ( φ = 0 : 0.06 ) , and amplitude of wavy porous layers ( Α = 0.05 : 0.15 ) on the lineaments of heat/mass transport have been carried out. The results revealed that the diffusion of the solid phase is permanently moving toward upward except at opposing flow mode ( N < 0 ) toward downward. The lower Rayleigh number reduces the solid-phase diffusions. A reduction in a Darcy parameter lessens the nanofluid speed and solid-phase diffusions in the porous layers. A reduction in D a from 10 − 3 to 10 − 5 diminishes the maximum of streamlines | ψ | max by 13.19% at N = − 2 , by 46.75% at N = 0 , and by 74.75% at N = 2 .
{"title":"Rotating cylinder and magnetic field on solid particles diffusion inside a porous cavity filled with a nanofluid","authors":"A. Aly, E. M. Mohamed, H. Oztop, Noura Alsedais","doi":"10.1177/18479804211034296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804211034296","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the roles of a magnetic field and circular rotation of a circular cylinder on the dissemination of solid phase within a nanofluid-filled square cavity. Two wavy layers of the non-Darcy porous media are situated on the vertical sides of a cavity. An incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method was endorsed to carry out the blending process concerning solid phase into nanofluid and porous media layers. Initially, the solid phase is stationed in a circular cylinder containing two open gates. Implications of a buoyancy ratio (N = −2: 2), Hartmann number (Ha = 0: 100), rotational frequency ( ω = 1 : 10 ) , Darcy parameter ( D a = 10 − 2 : 10 − 5 ) , Rayleigh number ( R a = 10 3 : 10 6 ) , nanoparticles parameter ( φ = 0 : 0.06 ) , and amplitude of wavy porous layers ( Α = 0.05 : 0.15 ) on the lineaments of heat/mass transport have been carried out. The results revealed that the diffusion of the solid phase is permanently moving toward upward except at opposing flow mode ( N < 0 ) toward downward. The lower Rayleigh number reduces the solid-phase diffusions. A reduction in a Darcy parameter lessens the nanofluid speed and solid-phase diffusions in the porous layers. A reduction in D a from 10 − 3 to 10 − 5 diminishes the maximum of streamlines | ψ | max by 13.19% at N = − 2 , by 46.75% at N = 0 , and by 74.75% at N = 2 .","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44218647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804211015107
Yi Yang, Siyuan Huang
We numerically demonstrate trapping and rotation of particles using a metasurface formed by arranging nanocavities as a right-handed Archimedes’ spiral. Excited by a 90° linearly polarized beam, a focused surface plasmon polariton (SPP) field is formed at the center of the spiral, and the particle can be trapped by the field. While excited by −45° linearly polarized beams, a vortex SPP field carrying orbital angular momentum is formed, and the particles can be trapped and rotated in the clockwise direction at the vortex field.
{"title":"Trapping and rotation of microparticles using a metasurface exciting by linearly polarized beam","authors":"Yi Yang, Siyuan Huang","doi":"10.1177/18479804211015107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804211015107","url":null,"abstract":"We numerically demonstrate trapping and rotation of particles using a metasurface formed by arranging nanocavities as a right-handed Archimedes’ spiral. Excited by a 90° linearly polarized beam, a focused surface plasmon polariton (SPP) field is formed at the center of the spiral, and the particle can be trapped by the field. While excited by −45° linearly polarized beams, a vortex SPP field carrying orbital angular momentum is formed, and the particles can be trapped and rotated in the clockwise direction at the vortex field.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43709620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1847980420981536
Norsahika Mohd Basir, Norkhalizatul Akmal Mohd Jamil, H. Hamdan
The catalytic conversion of palm oil was carried out over four zeolite catalysts—Y, ZSM-5, Y-ZSM-5 hybrid, and Y/ZSM-5 composite—to produce jet biofuel with high amount of alkanes and low amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. The zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst was synthesized using crystalline zeolite Y as the seed for the growth of zeolite ZSM-5. Synthesized zeolite catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, while the chemical compositions of the jet biofuel were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The conversion of palm oil over zeolite Y resulted in the highest yield (42 wt%) of jet biofuel: a high selectivity of jet range alkanes (51%) and a low selectivity of jet range aromatic hydrocarbons (25%). Zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst produced a decreased percentage of jet range alkane (30%) and a significant increase in the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons (57%). The highest conversion of palm oil to hydrocarbon compounds was achieved by zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst (99%), followed by zeolite Y/ZSM-5 composite (96%), zeolite Y (91%), and zeolite ZSM-5 (74%). The reaction routes for converting palm oil to jet biofuel involve deoxygenation of fatty acids into C15–C18 alkanes via decarboxylation and decarbonylation, catalytic cracking into C8–C14 alkanes, and cycloalkanes as well as aromatization into aromatic hydrocarbon.
{"title":"Conversion of jet biofuel range hydrocarbons from palm oil over zeolite hybrid catalyst","authors":"Norsahika Mohd Basir, Norkhalizatul Akmal Mohd Jamil, H. Hamdan","doi":"10.1177/1847980420981536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1847980420981536","url":null,"abstract":"The catalytic conversion of palm oil was carried out over four zeolite catalysts—Y, ZSM-5, Y-ZSM-5 hybrid, and Y/ZSM-5 composite—to produce jet biofuel with high amount of alkanes and low amount of aromatic hydrocarbons. The zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst was synthesized using crystalline zeolite Y as the seed for the growth of zeolite ZSM-5. Synthesized zeolite catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, while the chemical compositions of the jet biofuel were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The conversion of palm oil over zeolite Y resulted in the highest yield (42 wt%) of jet biofuel: a high selectivity of jet range alkanes (51%) and a low selectivity of jet range aromatic hydrocarbons (25%). Zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst produced a decreased percentage of jet range alkane (30%) and a significant increase in the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons (57%). The highest conversion of palm oil to hydrocarbon compounds was achieved by zeolite Y-ZSM-5 hybrid catalyst (99%), followed by zeolite Y/ZSM-5 composite (96%), zeolite Y (91%), and zeolite ZSM-5 (74%). The reaction routes for converting palm oil to jet biofuel involve deoxygenation of fatty acids into C15–C18 alkanes via decarboxylation and decarbonylation, catalytic cracking into C8–C14 alkanes, and cycloalkanes as well as aromatization into aromatic hydrocarbon.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1847980420981536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46304278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804211056162
C. Ho, T. Lam, Hanh Thi Nguyen, C. Nguyen, Quang Le Dang, Ji-hoon Lee, Youri Yang, H. Hur
The synthesis of CdS nanoparticles was developed based on the unconventional design of bioelectrochemical system (BES) inoculated with Shewanella sp. HN-41. The BES configuration included two bottle chambers separated by silicon membrane but directly connected by a graphite electrode perforating through silicon membrane, namely, non-external circuit bioelectrochemical system (nec_BES). Shewanella sp. HN-41 in the anode of nec_BES consumed lactate and transferred electrons to the graphite electrode end in the anode and, in its turn, the graphite electrode end in the cathode reduced directly thiosulfate to sulphide, forming CdS nanoparticles after 21 days. CdS nanoparticles with the average size of approximately 17 nm were synthesized in the cathode solution. The hollow, spherical, and void structure of particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) study confirmed the nanoparticles contained Cd and S elements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed a strong crystalline phase and mixed crystallites of CdS nanoparticles. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of CdS nanoparticles revealed the blue shift in excitonic transition with respect to CdS bulk material, suggesting its potential application in optical studies. The bioelectrochemical system can be applied for the removal and preparation of other sulphide heavy metals.
{"title":"Synthesis of hollow and spherical cadmium sulphide nanoparticles by an unconventional design of bioelectrochemical system","authors":"C. Ho, T. Lam, Hanh Thi Nguyen, C. Nguyen, Quang Le Dang, Ji-hoon Lee, Youri Yang, H. Hur","doi":"10.1177/18479804211056162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804211056162","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of CdS nanoparticles was developed based on the unconventional design of bioelectrochemical system (BES) inoculated with Shewanella sp. HN-41. The BES configuration included two bottle chambers separated by silicon membrane but directly connected by a graphite electrode perforating through silicon membrane, namely, non-external circuit bioelectrochemical system (nec_BES). Shewanella sp. HN-41 in the anode of nec_BES consumed lactate and transferred electrons to the graphite electrode end in the anode and, in its turn, the graphite electrode end in the cathode reduced directly thiosulfate to sulphide, forming CdS nanoparticles after 21 days. CdS nanoparticles with the average size of approximately 17 nm were synthesized in the cathode solution. The hollow, spherical, and void structure of particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) study confirmed the nanoparticles contained Cd and S elements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed a strong crystalline phase and mixed crystallites of CdS nanoparticles. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of CdS nanoparticles revealed the blue shift in excitonic transition with respect to CdS bulk material, suggesting its potential application in optical studies. The bioelectrochemical system can be applied for the removal and preparation of other sulphide heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44518871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1847980420982788
N. Parimon, M. Mamat, I. S. Banu, N. Vasimalai, M. Ahmad, A. Suriani, A. Mohamed, M. Rusop
Manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films are successfully prepared on a nickel oxide seed-coated glass substrate by an immersion method. Various annealing temperatures between 300°C and 500°C are applied to the manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films to study their effect on the properties of nickel oxide, including humidity sensing performance. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry, a two-probe current–voltage (I-V) measurement system and a humidity measurement system are used to characterise the heat-treated manganese-doped nickel oxide samples. The effect of annealing temperature can be clearly observed for the different surface morphologies and diffraction patterns. The samples exhibit average crystallite size increases of 0.63–10.13 nm with increasing annealing temperature. The dislocation density, interplanar spacing, lattice parameter, unit cell volume and stress/strain are also determined from the XRD data. The average transmittances in the visible region for all samples show low percentages with the highest transparency of 50.7% recorded for manganese-doped nickel oxide annealed at 500°C. The optical band gap shows a decreasing trend with increasing annealing temperature. The I-V measurement results reveal that manganese-doped nickel oxide displays improved conductivity values with increasing annealing temperature. The sensitivity of the humidity sensors shows an ascending curve with increasing temperature. The optimal device performance is obtained with annealing at 500°C, with the highest sensitivity of 270 and the fastest response and recovery times. In contrast, the sample for annealing at 300°C shows poor sensing performance.
{"title":"Annealing temperature dependency of structural, optical and electrical characteristics of manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films for humidity sensing applications","authors":"N. Parimon, M. Mamat, I. S. Banu, N. Vasimalai, M. Ahmad, A. Suriani, A. Mohamed, M. Rusop","doi":"10.1177/1847980420982788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1847980420982788","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films are successfully prepared on a nickel oxide seed-coated glass substrate by an immersion method. Various annealing temperatures between 300°C and 500°C are applied to the manganese-doped nickel oxide nanosheet array films to study their effect on the properties of nickel oxide, including humidity sensing performance. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry, a two-probe current–voltage (I-V) measurement system and a humidity measurement system are used to characterise the heat-treated manganese-doped nickel oxide samples. The effect of annealing temperature can be clearly observed for the different surface morphologies and diffraction patterns. The samples exhibit average crystallite size increases of 0.63–10.13 nm with increasing annealing temperature. The dislocation density, interplanar spacing, lattice parameter, unit cell volume and stress/strain are also determined from the XRD data. The average transmittances in the visible region for all samples show low percentages with the highest transparency of 50.7% recorded for manganese-doped nickel oxide annealed at 500°C. The optical band gap shows a decreasing trend with increasing annealing temperature. The I-V measurement results reveal that manganese-doped nickel oxide displays improved conductivity values with increasing annealing temperature. The sensitivity of the humidity sensors shows an ascending curve with increasing temperature. The optimal device performance is obtained with annealing at 500°C, with the highest sensitivity of 270 and the fastest response and recovery times. In contrast, the sample for annealing at 300°C shows poor sensing performance.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1847980420982788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43593413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804211055031
Bhavya Krishnappa, Jyothi Mannekote Shivanna, Maya Naik, P. Padova, G. Hegde
Acid-dyes, typically used in textile productions, could infer poisoning harmful effects on the environment as well as on human health, if not properly treated during their disposal. Henceforth, there is an absolute necessity to achieve new efficient low-cost techniques to remove these dyes from industrial chemical waste. Here, the leaves of oil palm, which are abundant in tropical countries, were used as precursor in the development of carbon nanospheres (adsorbent) to remove hazardous acid Orange-7 (AO-7) dye (C16H11N2NaO4S). The removal efficacy of spherical-shaped nanocarbons was investigated as a function of contact period, by varying their dose (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg), pH (acidic, native and basic), and initial AO-7 concentration (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 μM). Amazingly, the oil palm leaves–based carbon nanospheres removed acid-dye up to an efficiency of about 99%. Pseudo second-order kinetics governs the adsorption mechanism and the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model fits well to the adsorption results, with regression co-efficient close to unity. This study suggests the importance of natural biowaste-based carbon nanoparticles in sustainable recycling, within the worldwide demanded circular economy.
{"title":"Acid Orange-7 uptake on spherical-shaped nanocarbons","authors":"Bhavya Krishnappa, Jyothi Mannekote Shivanna, Maya Naik, P. Padova, G. Hegde","doi":"10.1177/18479804211055031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804211055031","url":null,"abstract":"Acid-dyes, typically used in textile productions, could infer poisoning harmful effects on the environment as well as on human health, if not properly treated during their disposal. Henceforth, there is an absolute necessity to achieve new efficient low-cost techniques to remove these dyes from industrial chemical waste. Here, the leaves of oil palm, which are abundant in tropical countries, were used as precursor in the development of carbon nanospheres (adsorbent) to remove hazardous acid Orange-7 (AO-7) dye (C16H11N2NaO4S). The removal efficacy of spherical-shaped nanocarbons was investigated as a function of contact period, by varying their dose (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg), pH (acidic, native and basic), and initial AO-7 concentration (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 μM). Amazingly, the oil palm leaves–based carbon nanospheres removed acid-dye up to an efficiency of about 99%. Pseudo second-order kinetics governs the adsorption mechanism and the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model fits well to the adsorption results, with regression co-efficient close to unity. This study suggests the importance of natural biowaste-based carbon nanoparticles in sustainable recycling, within the worldwide demanded circular economy.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46480188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804211002926
Phey Yee Foong, C. Voon, B. Y. Lim, Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad, S. Gopinath, K. L. Foo, R. A. Rahim, U. Hashim
Despite manufacturers’ goal of molding single component products from plastics, the structures of some of the products are far too complex to be molded as a single piece. Therefore, assembly of subcomponents into the final products is important for the manufacturing of many plastic-based products. To date, welding is the most efficient joining method for plastics. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were proposed as the susceptor for the microwave welding of high-density polyethylene considering multiwalled carbon nanotube is a good microwave absorber. multiwalled carbon nanotubes were first dispersed in ethanol in an ultrasonic bath to obtain a homogeneous dispersion. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersion was dropped on the targeted area of the prepared dumbbell-shaped sample and dried in an oven at 45°C for 30 min. The sample was then subjected to 800 W microwave irradiation in the domestic microwave oven. The strength of the weld was tested by using tensile testing. Besides, the cross section of the welded joint was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy. The effect of microwave heating duration and the multiwalled carbon nanotube concentration in the dispersion were studied. It was found that the joint strength increased as the heating duration increase from 2 s to 8 s but decreased when the heating duration was further extended to 10 s. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that voids were formed at the joint interface when 10 s was used and resulted in the lowering of joint strength. In the study of the effect of the multiwalled carbon nanotube concentration in the dispersion, joint strength increased when the multiwalled carbon nanotubes concentration increased from 0.25 wt% to 0.75 wt%. However, the joint strength of sample with 1.00 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotube concentration decreased. The presence of a thick unwelded multiwalled carbon nanotubes layer at the joint interface for sample with 1.00 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes concentration as shown in scanning electron microscopic image was believed to cause the lowering of joint strength.
{"title":"Feasibility study on microwave welding of thermoplastic using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as susceptor","authors":"Phey Yee Foong, C. Voon, B. Y. Lim, Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad, S. Gopinath, K. L. Foo, R. A. Rahim, U. Hashim","doi":"10.1177/18479804211002926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804211002926","url":null,"abstract":"Despite manufacturers’ goal of molding single component products from plastics, the structures of some of the products are far too complex to be molded as a single piece. Therefore, assembly of subcomponents into the final products is important for the manufacturing of many plastic-based products. To date, welding is the most efficient joining method for plastics. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were proposed as the susceptor for the microwave welding of high-density polyethylene considering multiwalled carbon nanotube is a good microwave absorber. multiwalled carbon nanotubes were first dispersed in ethanol in an ultrasonic bath to obtain a homogeneous dispersion. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersion was dropped on the targeted area of the prepared dumbbell-shaped sample and dried in an oven at 45°C for 30 min. The sample was then subjected to 800 W microwave irradiation in the domestic microwave oven. The strength of the weld was tested by using tensile testing. Besides, the cross section of the welded joint was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy. The effect of microwave heating duration and the multiwalled carbon nanotube concentration in the dispersion were studied. It was found that the joint strength increased as the heating duration increase from 2 s to 8 s but decreased when the heating duration was further extended to 10 s. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that voids were formed at the joint interface when 10 s was used and resulted in the lowering of joint strength. In the study of the effect of the multiwalled carbon nanotube concentration in the dispersion, joint strength increased when the multiwalled carbon nanotubes concentration increased from 0.25 wt% to 0.75 wt%. However, the joint strength of sample with 1.00 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotube concentration decreased. The presence of a thick unwelded multiwalled carbon nanotubes layer at the joint interface for sample with 1.00 wt% multiwalled carbon nanotubes concentration as shown in scanning electron microscopic image was believed to cause the lowering of joint strength.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/18479804211002926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804211001148
M. Selim, T. Nofal
In this work, an attempt is done to apply the Kirchhoff plate theory to find out the vibrational analyses of a nanoplate incorporating surface irregularity effects. The effects of surface irregularity on natural frequency of vibration of nanomaterials, especially for nanoplates, have not been investigated before, and most of the previous research have been carried for regular nanoplates. Therefore, it must be emphasized that the vibrations of irregular nanoplate are novel and applicable for the nanodevices, in which nanoplates act as the main structure of the nanocomposite. The surface irregularity is assumed in the parabolic form at the surface of the nanoplate. A novel equation of motion and frequency equation is derived. The obtained results provide a better representation of the vibration behavior of irregular nanoplates. It has been observed that the presence of surface irregularity affects considerably on the natural frequency of vibrational nanoplates. In addition, it has been seen that the natural frequency of nanoplate decreases with the increase of surface irregularity parameter. Finally, it can be said, the present results may serve as useful references for designing oscillators and nanoscale devices, in which nanoplates act as a structural component for most prevalent nanocomposites structural element.
{"title":"Vibrational analysis of nanoplate with surface irregularity via Kirchhoff plate theory","authors":"M. Selim, T. Nofal","doi":"10.1177/18479804211001148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804211001148","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an attempt is done to apply the Kirchhoff plate theory to find out the vibrational analyses of a nanoplate incorporating surface irregularity effects. The effects of surface irregularity on natural frequency of vibration of nanomaterials, especially for nanoplates, have not been investigated before, and most of the previous research have been carried for regular nanoplates. Therefore, it must be emphasized that the vibrations of irregular nanoplate are novel and applicable for the nanodevices, in which nanoplates act as the main structure of the nanocomposite. The surface irregularity is assumed in the parabolic form at the surface of the nanoplate. A novel equation of motion and frequency equation is derived. The obtained results provide a better representation of the vibration behavior of irregular nanoplates. It has been observed that the presence of surface irregularity affects considerably on the natural frequency of vibrational nanoplates. In addition, it has been seen that the natural frequency of nanoplate decreases with the increase of surface irregularity parameter. Finally, it can be said, the present results may serve as useful references for designing oscillators and nanoscale devices, in which nanoplates act as a structural component for most prevalent nanocomposites structural element.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/18479804211001148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1847980421996539
N. Ismail, A. Jalar, Atiqah Afdzaluddin, M. A. Bakar
The main objective of this study is to investigate the electrical properties of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder joint with the incorporation of carbon nanotube instead of solder bulk. Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder paste with the incorporation of carbon nanotube up to 0.04 wt% was fabricated by using mechanical mixing method. Fabricated solder pastes were then soldered on printed circuit board via reflow soldering at 260°C peak temperature. Electrical resistivity of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu-carbon nanotube solder joints was measured by the four-point probe method at room temperature. Microstructure properties were observed by optical microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope. Electrical resistivity of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder joint was found to increase with the incorporation carbon nanotube up to 0.03 wt% and slightly decrease at 0.04 wt%. Incorporation of carbon nanotube in the solder matrix apparently changes the microstructure of Sn–Ag–Cu solder alloys. Microstructural observation found that electrical resistivity correlated with the distribution area of eutectic phase in the solder matrix due to the existence of carbon nanotube. It was revealed that eutectic phase area increases with the increasing of carbon nanotube wt% up to 0.03 and then slightly decreases at the incorporation of 0.04 wt% carbon nanotube as parallel with the trend of electrical resistivity values.
{"title":"Electrical resistivity of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder joint with the incorporation of carbon nanotubes","authors":"N. Ismail, A. Jalar, Atiqah Afdzaluddin, M. A. Bakar","doi":"10.1177/1847980421996539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1847980421996539","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to investigate the electrical properties of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder joint with the incorporation of carbon nanotube instead of solder bulk. Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder paste with the incorporation of carbon nanotube up to 0.04 wt% was fabricated by using mechanical mixing method. Fabricated solder pastes were then soldered on printed circuit board via reflow soldering at 260°C peak temperature. Electrical resistivity of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu-carbon nanotube solder joints was measured by the four-point probe method at room temperature. Microstructure properties were observed by optical microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope. Electrical resistivity of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder joint was found to increase with the incorporation carbon nanotube up to 0.03 wt% and slightly decrease at 0.04 wt%. Incorporation of carbon nanotube in the solder matrix apparently changes the microstructure of Sn–Ag–Cu solder alloys. Microstructural observation found that electrical resistivity correlated with the distribution area of eutectic phase in the solder matrix due to the existence of carbon nanotube. It was revealed that eutectic phase area increases with the increasing of carbon nanotube wt% up to 0.03 and then slightly decreases at the incorporation of 0.04 wt% carbon nanotube as parallel with the trend of electrical resistivity values.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1847980421996539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44499126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18479804211035190
K. Tseng, Han Ke, Hsueh-Chien Ku
Through the use of an electric discharge machine, this study performed the electrical spark discharge method in deionised water under normal temperature and pressure for Cu nanocolloid (CuNC) preparation. The CuNCs had a zeta potential of 12.3 mV, indicating poor suspension stability. The suspension stability was effectively increased (zeta potential 32.5 mV) through the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form PVA-containing CuNCs PVA/CuNCs. Next, the following pulse-width modulation (Ton:Toff) parameters were tested to determine the optimal setting for PVA/CuNC preparation: 10:10, 30:30, 50:50, 70:70 and 90:90 µs. The optimal preparation parameter was then determined according to the absorbance, zeta potential and size distribution results. Finally, the surface properties and crystal structure of the PVA/CuNCs were characterised through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When the Ton:Toff was set to 30:30 µs, preparation efficiency was optimal, as was suspension stability, as indicated by the absorbance value (0.534), zeta potential (32.5 mV) and size distribution (85.47 nm). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Cu nanoparticles that were more dispersed in the PVA/CuNCs had a diameter smaller than 10 nm and a crystal line width of 0.2028 nm. X-ray diffraction showed that the PVA/CuNCs contained intact Cu crystal structures.
{"title":"Parameters and properties for the preparation of Cu nanocolloids containing polyvinyl alcohol using the electrical spark discharge method","authors":"K. Tseng, Han Ke, Hsueh-Chien Ku","doi":"10.1177/18479804211035190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18479804211035190","url":null,"abstract":"Through the use of an electric discharge machine, this study performed the electrical spark discharge method in deionised water under normal temperature and pressure for Cu nanocolloid (CuNC) preparation. The CuNCs had a zeta potential of 12.3 mV, indicating poor suspension stability. The suspension stability was effectively increased (zeta potential 32.5 mV) through the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form PVA-containing CuNCs PVA/CuNCs. Next, the following pulse-width modulation (Ton:Toff) parameters were tested to determine the optimal setting for PVA/CuNC preparation: 10:10, 30:30, 50:50, 70:70 and 90:90 µs. The optimal preparation parameter was then determined according to the absorbance, zeta potential and size distribution results. Finally, the surface properties and crystal structure of the PVA/CuNCs were characterised through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When the Ton:Toff was set to 30:30 µs, preparation efficiency was optimal, as was suspension stability, as indicated by the absorbance value (0.534), zeta potential (32.5 mV) and size distribution (85.47 nm). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Cu nanoparticles that were more dispersed in the PVA/CuNCs had a diameter smaller than 10 nm and a crystal line width of 0.2028 nm. X-ray diffraction showed that the PVA/CuNCs contained intact Cu crystal structures.","PeriodicalId":19018,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42810303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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