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Advances in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma 皮肤鳞状细胞癌的研究进展
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00583-5
Mårten C. G. Winge, Laura N. Kellman, Konnie Guo, Jean Y. Tang, Susan M. Swetter, Sumaira Z. Aasi, Kavita Y. Sarin, Anne Lynn S. Chang, Paul A. Khavari
Human malignancies arise predominantly in tissues of epithelial origin, where the stepwise transformation from healthy epithelium to premalignant dysplasia to invasive neoplasia involves sequential dysregulation of biological networks that govern essential functions of epithelial homeostasis. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a prototype epithelial malignancy, often with a high tumour mutational burden. A plethora of risk genes, dominated by UV-induced sun damage, drive disease progression in conjunction with stromal interactions and local immunomodulation, enabling continuous tumour growth. Recent studies have identified subpopulations of SCC cells that specifically interact with the tumour microenvironment. These advances, along with increased knowledge of the impact of germline genetics and somatic mutations on cSCC development, have led to a greater appreciation of the complexity of skin cancer pathogenesis and have enabled progress in neoadjuvant immunotherapy, which has improved pathological complete response rates. Although measures for the prevention and therapeutic management of cSCC are associated with clinical benefit, the prognosis remains poor for advanced disease. Elucidating how the genetic mechanisms that drive cSCC interact with the tumour microenvironment is a current focus in efforts to understand, prevent and treat cSCC. This Review outlines risk factors and prevention strategies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and highlights recent advances in the understanding of the impact of molecular and cellular intra-tumour heterogeneity that provide the basis for new therapeutic strategies to treat advanced cSCC.
人类恶性肿瘤主要发生在上皮源性组织中,从健康上皮到恶性前发育不良再到侵袭性肿瘤的逐步转化过程涉及到管理上皮稳态基本功能的生物网络的连续失调。皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cSCC)是一种典型的上皮恶性肿瘤,通常具有较高的肿瘤突变负荷。紫外线诱导的日光损伤主导了大量风险基因,它们与基质相互作用和局部免疫调节共同推动了疾病的进展,使肿瘤得以持续生长。最近的研究发现,SCC 细胞亚群能与肿瘤微环境发生特异性相互作用。这些进展以及对种系遗传学和体细胞突变对 cSCC 发展的影响的进一步了解,使人们对皮肤癌发病机制的复杂性有了更深刻的认识,并使新辅助免疫疗法取得了进展,提高了病理完全反应率。尽管 cSCC 的预防和治疗管理措施与临床获益相关,但晚期疾病的预后仍然很差。阐明驱动 cSCC 的遗传机制如何与肿瘤微环境相互作用是当前了解、预防和治疗 cSCC 的重点。本综述概述了皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cSCC)的风险因素和预防策略,并重点介绍了在了解分子和细胞内肿瘤异质性的影响方面取得的最新进展,这些进展为治疗晚期 cSCC 的新疗法奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Glioblastomas remodel neural circuits 胶质母细胞瘤重塑神经回路
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00595-1
Isobel Leake
Krishna et al. investigated the potential mechanisms by which glioblastomas remodel neural circuits.
Krishna 等人研究了胶质母细胞瘤重塑神经回路的潜在机制。
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引用次数: 0
Gut microbiome immaturity and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 肠道微生物群不成熟与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00584-4
Ioannis Peppas, Anthony M. Ford, Caroline L. Furness, Mel F. Greaves
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer of childhood. Here, we map emerging evidence suggesting that children with ALL at the time of diagnosis may have a delayed maturation of the gut microbiome compared with healthy children. This finding may be associated with early-life epidemiological factors previously identified as risk indicators for childhood ALL, including caesarean section birth, diminished breast feeding and paucity of social contacts. The consistently observed deficiency in short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacterial taxa in children with ALL has the potential to promote dysregulated immune responses and to, ultimately, increase the risk of transformation of preleukaemic clones in response to common infectious triggers. These data endorse the concept that a microbiome deficit in early life may contribute to the development of the major subtypes of childhood ALL and encourage the notion of risk-reducing microbiome-targeted intervention in the future. In this Perspective article, Mel Greaves and co-workers outline emerging evidence that suggests that children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia may have a delayed maturation of the gut microbiome compared with healthy children, a deficit that might be associated with early-life epidemiological factors and could contribute to the risk of transformation of preleukaemic clones in response to common infectious triggers.
急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)是最常见的儿童癌症。在这里,我们绘制了新出现的证据,这些证据表明,与健康儿童相比,确诊时患有急性淋巴细胞白血病的儿童的肠道微生物组可能会延迟成熟。这一发现可能与之前被确定为儿童 ALL 风险指标的早期流行病学因素有关,这些因素包括剖腹产、母乳喂养减少和社会交往稀少。在儿童白血病患者中持续观察到的短链脂肪酸细菌类群的缺乏有可能导致免疫反应失调,并最终增加白血病前期克隆在常见感染诱因下发生转化的风险。这些数据证实了生命早期微生物组缺失可能导致儿童 ALL 主要亚型发展的观点,并鼓励了未来以降低风险的微生物组为目标进行干预的理念。在这篇 "视角 "文章中,梅尔-格里夫斯(Mel Greaves)及其合作者概述了新出现的证据,这些证据表明,与健康儿童相比,新确诊的急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿的肠道微生物组可能会延迟成熟,这种缺陷可能与生命早期的流行病学因素有关,并可能导致白血病前期克隆在常见感染诱因下发生转化的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Defining and using immune archetypes to classify and treat cancer 定义并利用免疫原型对癌症进行分类和治疗
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00578-2
Alexis J. Combes, Bushra Samad, Matthew F. Krummel
Tumours are surrounded by a host immune system that can suppress or promote tumour growth. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has often been framed as a singular entity, suggesting a single type of immune state that is defective and in need of therapeutic intervention. By contrast, the past few years have highlighted a plurality of immune states that can surround tumours. In this Perspective, we suggest that different TMEs have ‘archetypal’ qualities across all cancers — characteristic and repeating collections of cells and gene-expression profiles at the level of the bulk tumour. We discuss many studies that together support a view that tumours typically draw from a finite number (around 12) of ‘dominant’ immune archetypes. In considering the likely evolutionary origin and roles of these archetypes, their associated TMEs can be predicted to have specific vulnerabilities that can be leveraged as targets for cancer treatment with expected and addressable adverse effects for patients. In this Perspective, the authors suggest that different tumour microenvironments have ‘archetypal’ qualities across all cancers — characteristic and repeating collections of cells and gene-expression profiles at the level of the bulk tumour. They propose the existence of 12 dominant immune archetypes.
肿瘤周围有宿主免疫系统,它可以抑制或促进肿瘤生长。肿瘤微环境(TME)往往被视为一个单一的实体,表明一种单一类型的免疫状态存在缺陷,需要进行治疗干预。与此相反,过去几年的研究强调了肿瘤周围可能存在的多种免疫状态。在本《视角》中,我们认为不同的TMEs在所有癌症中都具有 "原型 "特质--在大块肿瘤水平上具有特征性和重复性的细胞集合和基因表达谱。我们讨论了许多研究,这些研究共同支持这样一种观点,即肿瘤通常来自数量有限(约 12 种)的 "优势 "免疫原型。在考虑这些原型可能的进化起源和作用时,可以预测其相关的毒性介质具有特定的脆弱性,可以利用这些脆弱性作为癌症治疗的靶点,为患者带来预期的、可解决的不良影响。在这篇《视角》中,作者提出,不同的肿瘤微环境在所有癌症中都具有 "原型 "特质--在大块肿瘤水平上,细胞和基因表达谱的特征性和重复性集合。他们提出了 12 种主要的免疫原型。
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引用次数: 4
Traject3d for studying 3D cellular heterogeneity 用于研究三维细胞异质性的 Traject3d
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00592-4
Eva C. Freckmann
In this Tool of the Trade article, Eva Freckmann describes the development of Traject3d, a workflow that enables the detection of heterogeneous phenotypes in 3D culture by analysing label-free multi-day time-lapse imaging.
在这篇 "贸易工具 "文章中,Eva Freckmann 介绍了 Traject3d 的开发过程,这是一种通过分析无标记多日延时成像来检测三维培养中异质表型的工作流程。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in PET imaging of cancer 癌症 PET 成像技术的进展
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4
Johannes Schwenck, Dominik Sonanini, Jonathan M. Cotton, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Christian la Fougère, Lars Zender, Bernd J. Pichler
Molecular imaging has experienced enormous advancements in the areas of imaging technology, imaging probe and contrast development, and data quality, as well as machine learning-based data analysis. Positron emission tomography (PET) and its combination with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a multimodality PET–CT or PET–MRI system offer a wealth of molecular, functional and morphological data with a single patient scan. Despite the recent technical advances and the availability of dozens of disease-specific contrast and imaging probes, only a few parameters, such as tumour size or the mean tracer uptake, are used for the evaluation of images in clinical practice. Multiparametric in vivo imaging data not only are highly quantitative but also can provide invaluable information about pathophysiology, receptor expression, metabolism, or morphological and functional features of tumours, such as pH, oxygenation or tissue density, as well as pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, to measure drug response with a contrast agent. It can further quantitatively map and spatially resolve the intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity, providing insights into tumour vulnerabilities for target-specific therapeutic interventions. Failure to exploit and integrate the full potential of such powerful imaging data may lead to a lost opportunity in which patients do not receive the best possible care. With the desire to implement personalized medicine in the cancer clinic, the full comprehensive diagnostic power of multiplexed imaging should be utilized. In this Review, Schwenck et al. discuss how PET imaging of cancer has advanced through its combination with CT and MRI and the development of an array of imaging probes, and how these innovations now need to be fully integrated into the clinic to improve cancer diagnostics and guide therapy.
分子成像技术在成像技术、成像探针和对比剂开发、数据质量以及基于机器学习的数据分析等领域取得了巨大进步。正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)及其与计算机断层扫描(CT)或磁共振成像(MRI)相结合的多模态 PET-CT 或 PET-MRI 系统只需对病人进行一次扫描,就能获得大量的分子、功能和形态学数据。尽管近年来技术不断进步,并出现了数十种针对特定疾病的造影剂和成像探针,但在临床实践中,只有肿瘤大小或平均示踪剂摄取量等少数参数被用于图像评估。多参数活体成像数据不仅具有高度定量性,还能提供有关病理生理学、受体表达、新陈代谢或肿瘤形态和功能特征(如 pH 值、氧饱和度或组织密度)的宝贵信息,以及药物的药效学特性,以衡量造影剂的药物反应。它还能进一步定量绘制并在空间上解析肿瘤间和肿瘤内的异质性,为靶向治疗干预提供肿瘤脆弱性方面的见解。如果不能充分挖掘和整合如此强大的成像数据潜力,可能会导致患者失去最佳治疗机会。为了在癌症临床中实施个性化医疗,应充分利用多路复用成像的全面诊断能力。在这篇综述中,Schwenck 等人讨论了癌症 PET 成像如何通过与 CT 和 MRI 的结合以及一系列成像探针的开发而取得进步,以及这些创新现在如何需要被充分整合到临床中,以改善癌症诊断和指导治疗。
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引用次数: 6
Impaired RNA clearance RNA 清除能力受损
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00589-z
Gabrielle Brewer
In this study, Insco et al. find patient-specific CDK13 mutations to impede RNA surveillance, leading to the accumulation and translation of prematurely terminated RNAs that drive malignancy in melanoma models.
在这项研究中,Insco 等人发现患者特异性 CDK13 突变会阻碍 RNA 监控,导致过早终止的 RNA 的积累和翻译,从而引发黑色素瘤模型中的恶性肿瘤。
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引用次数: 0
Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy 癌症和癌症治疗中的内吞作用
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6
Blerida Banushi, Shannon R. Joseph, Benedict Lum, Jason J. Lee, Fiona Simpson
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed. In this Review, Banushi et al. discuss how endocytotic pathways impact many cancer processes including nutrient scavenging, metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery, and how knowledge of these pathways can be used to improve cancer therapy in the clinic.
内吞作用是一个复杂的过程,细胞表面的蛋白质、脂质和细胞外环境中的液体在此过程中被包装、分类并内化到细胞中。内吞也是药物内化进入细胞的一种机制。内吞作用有多种途径,从溶酶体降解到返回质膜再循环,这些途径决定了分子的命运。内吞的总体速率和分子通过内吞途径的时间调节也与信号结果有着错综复杂的联系。这一过程依赖于一系列因素,如固有氨基酸基团和翻译后修饰。癌症患者的内吞功能经常受到破坏。这些干扰会导致肿瘤细胞膜上受体酪氨酸激酶的不适当保留、致癌分子循环的改变、信号反馈回路的缺陷以及细胞极性的丧失。在过去十年中,内吞作用已成为营养物质清除、免疫监视反应和调节、肿瘤免疫逃避、肿瘤转移和治疗药物递送的关键调节因素。本综述总结并整合了癌症内吞作用的这些研究进展。此外,还讨论了在临床中调节这些通路以改善癌症治疗的潜力。在这篇综述中,Banushi 等人讨论了内吞途径如何影响许多癌症过程,包括营养清除、转移和治疗药物递送,以及如何利用这些途径的知识改善临床癌症治疗。
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引用次数: 4
Nerve-driven metastasis 神经驱动的转移
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00588-0
Daniela Senft
Sloan and colleagues demonstrate that anthracycline chemotherapy drives metastatic progression by stimulating a cancer cell-mediated increase in nerve fibre activity in the tumour microenvironment, which can be reversed by the use of β-blockers.
斯隆及其同事证明,蒽环类化疗通过刺激肿瘤微环境中癌细胞介导的神经纤维活性增加来推动转移性进展,而使用β-受体阻滞剂可以逆转这种情况。
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引用次数: 0
CAFs promote CRPC CAFs 可促进 CRPC
IF 78.5 1区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00587-1
Gabrielle Brewer
In a recent study on castration-resistant prostate cancer, Cui et al. uncover a role for cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in inducing androgen synthesis in prostate cancer cells.
在最近一项关于阉割耐药前列腺癌的研究中,Cui 等人发现了癌症相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)在诱导前列腺癌细胞合成雄激素方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nature Reviews Cancer
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