35 Introduction Silver has been deeply associated with human life in areas including tableware, accessories and both surgical and dental materials. In the recent advancement of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles have been used as chemical catalysis, in medical and electronic devices and as antimicrobial agents. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles have been increasingly reported in many organisms [1]; for instance, apoptosis with DNA degradation in human alveolar epithelial cells [2], a decrease in dopamine production in PC-12 (cultured neuronal phenotype) [3], a decrease in mitochondrial functions in a rat liver derived cell [4], an antimicrobial agent against Escherichia coli [5], and bio-concentration in Psudomonas aeroginosa [6]. For the analysis of molecular events associated with silver cytotoxicity, rat alveolar macrophages were selected as a model assay system system and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found as one of the potent candidates. The production of ROS was nanoparticle-size dependent and oxidative stress was considered as a predominant mechanism of the cytotoxicity [7]. In this study, we used Paramecium, a free-living unicellular eukaryotic organism in fresh water, as a bioassay system for silver cytotoxicity. The Paramecium system (P system) provides several advantages, 1) P system enables us to examine single cell behavior involving excitable membrane and ciliary movement, 2) P system enables us to examine cytotoxicity by application to the inside of a cell, 3) P system has various types of cellular functions giving a stable and sensitive bioassay. In this study, we will demonstrate that silver nanoparticles produce silver ions which associate with the main cause of cytotoxicity and, in addition, the discovery of some proteins which decrease the cytotoxicity of silver ions. Silver Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity and Antidote Proteins against Silver Toxicity in Paramecium
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity and Antidote Proteins against Silver Toxicity in Paramecium","authors":"Taiki Abe, K. Haneda, N. Haga","doi":"10.11344/NANO.6.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.6.35","url":null,"abstract":"35 Introduction Silver has been deeply associated with human life in areas including tableware, accessories and both surgical and dental materials. In the recent advancement of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles have been used as chemical catalysis, in medical and electronic devices and as antimicrobial agents. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles have been increasingly reported in many organisms [1]; for instance, apoptosis with DNA degradation in human alveolar epithelial cells [2], a decrease in dopamine production in PC-12 (cultured neuronal phenotype) [3], a decrease in mitochondrial functions in a rat liver derived cell [4], an antimicrobial agent against Escherichia coli [5], and bio-concentration in Psudomonas aeroginosa [6]. For the analysis of molecular events associated with silver cytotoxicity, rat alveolar macrophages were selected as a model assay system system and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found as one of the potent candidates. The production of ROS was nanoparticle-size dependent and oxidative stress was considered as a predominant mechanism of the cytotoxicity [7]. In this study, we used Paramecium, a free-living unicellular eukaryotic organism in fresh water, as a bioassay system for silver cytotoxicity. The Paramecium system (P system) provides several advantages, 1) P system enables us to examine single cell behavior involving excitable membrane and ciliary movement, 2) P system enables us to examine cytotoxicity by application to the inside of a cell, 3) P system has various types of cellular functions giving a stable and sensitive bioassay. In this study, we will demonstrate that silver nanoparticles produce silver ions which associate with the main cause of cytotoxicity and, in addition, the discovery of some proteins which decrease the cytotoxicity of silver ions. Silver Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity and Antidote Proteins against Silver Toxicity in Paramecium","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63692041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uniqueness of Regenerative Medicine in Dental Field","authors":"K. Imai","doi":"10.11344/NANO.6.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.6.92","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63692058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abe, A. Hyono, K. Kawai, Koichi Nakamura, Y. Yawaka, Y. Yoshida, T. Yonezawa
4
4
{"title":"Simple and Rapid Conductive Preparation of Wet Biological Samples for SEM Observation: Use of an Asymmetrical Choline-like Room Temperature Ionic Liquid as a Visualizing Agent","authors":"S. Abe, A. Hyono, K. Kawai, Koichi Nakamura, Y. Yawaka, Y. Yoshida, T. Yonezawa","doi":"10.11344/NANO.6.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.6.41","url":null,"abstract":"4","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63692106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Taira, Wataru Hatakeyama, Jun Yokota, N. Chosa, A. Ishisaki, Kyoko Takafuji, Hidemichi Kihara, H. Kondo, Masayuki Hattori
73 Introduction Stem cell therapy is now considered as a new therapeutic method to restore damaged organ including injured liver [1]. One important source of stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) [2]. MSC can be easily collected from bone marrows of patients [3]. MSC is chemotactic to damaged organs and tissues which often secret cytokines and chemokines [4]. Subsequently, MSC can settle and multiply in the damaged zones (namely, by homing phenomenon), and often heal the damaged or inflamed organ and tissues [5]. This phenomenon has, however, not well been understood, yet. The fluorescent nature of the cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice facilitate the use in many kinds of cell transplantation experiments [6]. Immunitycompromised mice (nude mice) have been used as host animal so that the relation between transplanted GFP-transgenic mouse cells and host nude mouse body could be clarified [7]. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to monitor the fate of GFP-labeled transgenic Tracking GFP-labeled Transplanted Mouse MSC in Nude Mice Using in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging
{"title":"Tracking GFP-labeled Transplanted Mouse MSC in Nude Mice Using in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging","authors":"M. Taira, Wataru Hatakeyama, Jun Yokota, N. Chosa, A. Ishisaki, Kyoko Takafuji, Hidemichi Kihara, H. Kondo, Masayuki Hattori","doi":"10.11344/NANO.6.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.6.73","url":null,"abstract":"73 Introduction Stem cell therapy is now considered as a new therapeutic method to restore damaged organ including injured liver [1]. One important source of stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) [2]. MSC can be easily collected from bone marrows of patients [3]. MSC is chemotactic to damaged organs and tissues which often secret cytokines and chemokines [4]. Subsequently, MSC can settle and multiply in the damaged zones (namely, by homing phenomenon), and often heal the damaged or inflamed organ and tissues [5]. This phenomenon has, however, not well been understood, yet. The fluorescent nature of the cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice facilitate the use in many kinds of cell transplantation experiments [6]. Immunitycompromised mice (nude mice) have been used as host animal so that the relation between transplanted GFP-transgenic mouse cells and host nude mouse body could be clarified [7]. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to monitor the fate of GFP-labeled transgenic Tracking GFP-labeled Transplanted Mouse MSC in Nude Mice Using in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11344/NANO.6.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63692228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Imai, F. Watari, K. Suese, Y. Honda, H. Takashima
44 Introduction An increasing number of nano or submicron materials have been developed . However, their effects on human health remain unclear. Thus, the development of a safety evaluation method is an urgent issue . No embryotoxicity test on teratogenicity in humans has been developed. We have investigated the applications of the EST (Embryonic Stem Cell Test) protocol, i.e., an in vitro embryotoxicity test whose predictability has been established by international validation in the U.S. and Europe , to nano or submicron materials. We have already reported the effects of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the differentiation of ES-D3 cells 16, . However, it was intended to differentiate ES-D3 cells on a dish with MWCNTs adsorbed on the bottom, but not to differentiate cells from embryonic bodies as described in the EST protocol. In the present study, we compared three-dimensional culture using a collagen gel with conventional two-dimensional culture. Embryotoxicity of the Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the Three-dimensional Culture of ES-D3 cells
{"title":"Embryotoxicity of the Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the Three-dimensional Culture of ES-D3 cells","authors":"K. Imai, F. Watari, K. Suese, Y. Honda, H. Takashima","doi":"10.11344/NANO.5.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.5.44","url":null,"abstract":"44 Introduction An increasing number of nano or submicron materials have been developed . However, their effects on human health remain unclear. Thus, the development of a safety evaluation method is an urgent issue . No embryotoxicity test on teratogenicity in humans has been developed. We have investigated the applications of the EST (Embryonic Stem Cell Test) protocol, i.e., an in vitro embryotoxicity test whose predictability has been established by international validation in the U.S. and Europe , to nano or submicron materials. We have already reported the effects of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the differentiation of ES-D3 cells 16, . However, it was intended to differentiate ES-D3 cells on a dish with MWCNTs adsorbed on the bottom, but not to differentiate cells from embryonic bodies as described in the EST protocol. In the present study, we compared three-dimensional culture using a collagen gel with conventional two-dimensional culture. Embryotoxicity of the Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the Three-dimensional Culture of ES-D3 cells","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63691476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Refi Ikhtiari, Parvin Begum, F. Watari, Bunshi Fugetsu
18 Introduction The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are built by rolled graphene sheets as one type of nanoparticles composed by extensive sp carbon atoms. The diameter up to tens of nanometer and length vary substantially up to tens of micrometer [1]. Rising interest among scientists and industrialists are related to their extraordinary properties in mechanical, electronic and biomedical applications [2]. Recently by the large production of MWNTs, it may have potential release, environmental fate and ecological risk which correlated with plant species, type of media, treatment system, dose, exposure time, and properties of carbon nanotubes [3, 4]. Consequently, it deserves further attention. Instead of preliminary screening of several plants species as previously reported [5], we further investigate lettuce (Lactuca sativa) regarding the potential effect of MWNTs on plants conducted under hydroponic conditions. Concentration of MWNTs and CB used in this study is varied by 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. It is important to show the significant effect of MWNTs on the seedling stage of lettuce for the understanding of toxic symptoms on root and leaves. In this report we also identified the reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may responsible for the phytotoxicity of MWNTs. Toxic Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa)
{"title":"Toxic Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa)","authors":"Refi Ikhtiari, Parvin Begum, F. Watari, Bunshi Fugetsu","doi":"10.11344/NANO.5.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.5.18","url":null,"abstract":"18 Introduction The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are built by rolled graphene sheets as one type of nanoparticles composed by extensive sp carbon atoms. The diameter up to tens of nanometer and length vary substantially up to tens of micrometer [1]. Rising interest among scientists and industrialists are related to their extraordinary properties in mechanical, electronic and biomedical applications [2]. Recently by the large production of MWNTs, it may have potential release, environmental fate and ecological risk which correlated with plant species, type of media, treatment system, dose, exposure time, and properties of carbon nanotubes [3, 4]. Consequently, it deserves further attention. Instead of preliminary screening of several plants species as previously reported [5], we further investigate lettuce (Lactuca sativa) regarding the potential effect of MWNTs on plants conducted under hydroponic conditions. Concentration of MWNTs and CB used in this study is varied by 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. It is important to show the significant effect of MWNTs on the seedling stage of lettuce for the understanding of toxic symptoms on root and leaves. In this report we also identified the reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may responsible for the phytotoxicity of MWNTs. Toxic Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa)","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63691653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuichi Yamagata, H. Iwasaki, Yusuke Hamba, K. Nakanishi, N. Ushijima, S. Abe, T. Akasaka, F. Watari, J. Iida
{"title":"An Evaluation of Fluorescent Orthodontic Adhesives Containing Eu-doped ZnO at Room Temperature","authors":"Shuichi Yamagata, H. Iwasaki, Yusuke Hamba, K. Nakanishi, N. Ushijima, S. Abe, T. Akasaka, F. Watari, J. Iida","doi":"10.11344/NANO.5.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.5.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11344/NANO.5.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63691414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ozeki, D. Sekiba, Kenji K. Hrakuri, T. Masuzawa
{"title":"Antithrombogenicity of Amorphous Deuterated Carbon Film Prepared by RF-plasma CVD","authors":"K. Ozeki, D. Sekiba, Kenji K. Hrakuri, T. Masuzawa","doi":"10.11344/NANO.5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.5.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63691490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognition of Oligodeoxynucleotides by Toll-like Receptor 9: Phosphodiester Backbone vs. Phosphorothioate Backbone and Monomer vs. Multimer","authors":"N. Hanagata, N. Hanagata","doi":"10.11344/NANO.5.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.5.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63691581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Imai, F. Watari, T. Akasaka, K. Suese, Fumiya Ogawa, H. Sawai, H. Takashima
{"title":"An Attempt to Study of the Embryotoxicity by the Diamond Particles of Dental Diamond Points with the Embryonic Stem Cell Test","authors":"K. Imai, F. Watari, T. Akasaka, K. Suese, Fumiya Ogawa, H. Sawai, H. Takashima","doi":"10.11344/NANO.5.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11344/NANO.5.104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19070,"journal":{"name":"Nano Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63691730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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