Aim: To investigate whether the estimation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain YKL-40 levels may be used as an efficient biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was injected into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Rats were divided into: control group, early LPS-induced PD group (14 days), and advanced LPS-induced PD group (28 days). YKL-40 and other related factors were detected in CSF and brain tissue. Results: Increased expression of YKL-40 was observed in brain tissue and CSF of PD-induced rats associated with triggered inflammatory cytokine release. Conclusion: The current study was limited to detecting YKL-40 and other inflammatory factors in brain and CSF. YKL-40 may be considered as an early biomarker and therapeutic target for PD.
{"title":"Early approaches of YKL-40 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Mai M Anwar, Mohamed H Fathi","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To investigate whether the estimation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain YKL-40 levels may be used as an efficient biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD). <b>Methods:</b> Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was injected into the right substantia nigra <i>pars compacta</i> (SNpc). Rats were divided into: control group, early LPS-induced PD group (14 days), and advanced LPS-induced PD group (28 days). YKL-40 and other related factors were detected in CSF and brain tissue. <b>Results:</b> Increased expression of YKL-40 was observed in brain tissue and CSF of PD-induced rats associated with triggered inflammatory cytokine release. <b>Conclusion:</b> The current study was limited to detecting YKL-40 and other inflammatory factors in brain and CSF. YKL-40 may be considered as an early biomarker and therapeutic target for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 2","pages":"85-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interview with Nobutaka Hattori: a life researching Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.","authors":"Nobutaka Hattori","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 2","pages":"71-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9624822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Daghi, Abdelhakim Lakhdar, Hicham El Otmani
Aim: To quantify and provide an overview on the scientific productivity made by Moroccan academics in the research on Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonism. Materials & methods: Scientific articles, in either English or French, were gathered from published literature in three recognized databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Results: We identified 95 published papers from which 39 articles have been extracted after removing inadequate publications and duplications between databases. All articles were published between 2006 and 2021. The selected articles were subdivided into five categories. Conclusion: The Moroccan academia is presently facing a low productivity issues and a lack of research laboratories focusing on PD research. We anticipate that providing more budgetary funds will significantly improve the productivity of PD research.
{"title":"Parkinson's disease research in Morocco: a review.","authors":"Mohamed Daghi, Abdelhakim Lakhdar, Hicham El Otmani","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To quantify and provide an overview on the scientific productivity made by Moroccan academics in the research on Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonism. <b>Materials & methods:</b> Scientific articles, in either English or French, were gathered from published literature in three recognized databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus. <b>Results:</b> We identified 95 published papers from which 39 articles have been extracted after removing inadequate publications and duplications between databases. All articles were published between 2006 and 2021. The selected articles were subdivided into five categories. <b>Conclusion:</b> The Moroccan academia is presently facing a low productivity issues and a lack of research laboratories focusing on PD research. We anticipate that providing more budgetary funds will significantly improve the productivity of PD research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 2","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9682454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of external rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on gait variability in older adults and people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Academic databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro and Cochrane, from inception to September 2021. Eligible articles scored a minimum of 4 on the PEDro scale. Results: Twenty-three papers were included. People with PD show varied responses in gait variability to RAS during cued walking trials. Healthy older adults tended to increase variability during cued trials. Cue rates below preferred walking cadence tend to increase gait variability. Conclusion: Gait variability is closely associated with fall risk and an important consideration in development of gait rehabilitation techniques.
目的:本研究的目的是分析外部节律性听觉刺激(RAS)对老年人和帕金森病(PD)患者步态变异性的影响。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、PEDro和Cochrane等学术数据库,检索时间为成立至2021年9月。符合条件的文章在佩德罗量表上得分至少为4分。结果:共纳入23篇论文。在提示步行试验中,PD患者对RAS的步态变异性表现出不同的反应。在提示试验中,健康老年人倾向于增加变异性。提示率低于首选步行节奏倾向于增加步态变异性。结论:步态变异性与跌倒风险密切相关,是发展步态康复技术的重要考虑因素。
{"title":"The effect of auditory cues on gait variability in people with Parkinson's disease and older adults: a systematic review.","authors":"Elinor C Harrison, Gammon M Earhart","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2021-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2021-0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of external rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on gait variability in older adults and people with Parkinson's disease (PD). <b>Methods:</b> Academic databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro and Cochrane, from inception to September 2021. Eligible articles scored a minimum of 4 on the PEDro scale. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-three papers were included. People with PD show varied responses in gait variability to RAS during cued walking trials. Healthy older adults tended to increase variability during cued trials. Cue rates below preferred walking cadence tend to increase gait variability. <b>Conclusion:</b> Gait variability is closely associated with fall risk and an important consideration in development of gait rehabilitation techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 2","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9925828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stuart H Isaacson, Alyssa Bowling, Ian Zhang, Eric Pappert, Fabrizio Stocchi
Aim: Evaluate timing of motor improvement with carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) and apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO) in patients with Parkinson's disease and OFF episodes. Methods: A post hoc pooled analysis from two studies assessed Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) scores and investigator-rated FULL ON. Results: At 15 and 30 min following the prescribed first daily CD/LD dose, mean improvements in MDS-UPDRS-III scores were -6.7 and -16.3, respectively, and FULL ON was achieved by 6.5 and 41.8% of patients. Following an optimized SL-APO dose, mean improvements in MDS-UPDRS-III scores were -13.9 and -22.9, and FULL ON was achieved by 34.7 and 81.0% of patients. Conclusion: Concomitant administration of SL-APO with carbidopa/levodopa may be useful for delayed ON.
{"title":"Motor response with apomorphine sublingual film and levodopa in patients with OFF episodes.","authors":"Stuart H Isaacson, Alyssa Bowling, Ian Zhang, Eric Pappert, Fabrizio Stocchi","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Evaluate timing of motor improvement with carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) and apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO) in patients with Parkinson's disease and OFF episodes. <b>Methods:</b> A <i>post hoc</i> pooled analysis from two studies assessed Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III) scores and investigator-rated FULL ON. <b>Results:</b> At 15 and 30 min following the prescribed first daily CD/LD dose, mean improvements in MDS-UPDRS-III scores were -6.7 and -16.3, respectively, and FULL ON was achieved by 6.5 and 41.8% of patients. Following an optimized SL-APO dose, mean improvements in MDS-UPDRS-III scores were -13.9 and -22.9, and FULL ON was achieved by 34.7 and 81.0% of patients. <b>Conclusion:</b> Concomitant administration of SL-APO with carbidopa/levodopa may be useful for delayed ON.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 2","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01Epub Date: 2022-10-31DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2021-0058
Moein Amin, Carrie M Hersh
The multiple sclerosis (MS) neurotherapeutic landscape is rapidly evolving. New disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) with improved efficacy and safety, in addition to an expanding pipeline of agents with novel mechanisms, provide more options for patients with MS. While treatment of MS neuroinflammation is well tailored in the existing DMT armamentarium, concerted efforts are currently underway for identifying neuropathological targets and drug discovery for progressive MS. There is also ongoing research to develop agents for remyelination and neuroprotection. Further insights are needed to guide DMT initiation and sequencing as well as to determine the role of autologous stem cell transplantation in relapsing and progressive MS. This review provides a summary of these updates.
{"title":"Updates and advances in multiple sclerosis neurotherapeutics.","authors":"Moein Amin, Carrie M Hersh","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2021-0058","DOIUrl":"10.2217/nmt-2021-0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The multiple sclerosis (MS) neurotherapeutic landscape is rapidly evolving. New disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) with improved efficacy and safety, in addition to an expanding pipeline of agents with novel mechanisms, provide more options for patients with MS. While treatment of MS neuroinflammation is well tailored in the existing DMT armamentarium, concerted efforts are currently underway for identifying neuropathological targets and drug discovery for progressive MS. There is also ongoing research to develop agents for remyelination and neuroprotection. Further insights are needed to guide DMT initiation and sequencing as well as to determine the role of autologous stem cell transplantation in relapsing and progressive MS. This review provides a summary of these updates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 1","pages":"47-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10072078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Rieckmann, Diego Centonze, Gavin Giovannoni, Le H Hua, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Daniel Selchen, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Patrick Vermersch, Heinz Wiendl, Hashem Salloukh, Bassem Yamout
What is this summary about?: People with multiple sclerosis (shortened to MS) who are taking cladribine tablets may have concerns about whether they can be vaccinated against COVID-19. This summary details the findings from a previously published article, in which an international committee of 10 MS experts developed recommendations to answer some important questions about COVID-19 vaccines in people with MS (including relapsing-remitting or active secondary progressive disease) taking cladribine tablets.
What were the results?: The committee identified 13 recommendations, which were all agreed upon by at least three-quarters (75%) of the 38 voting MS experts. Generally, they recommended that people with MS taking cladribine tablets should be vaccinated for COVID-19 as soon as possible, because the vaccine is thought to be both safe and effective, and vaccine responses were not likely to be affected by cladribine tablets.
What do the results mean?: Overall, people with MS taking cladribine tablets should receive the COVID-19 vaccine to protect themselves, unless advised differently by their healthcare provider.
{"title":"Expert opinion on COVID-19 vaccines and cladribine tablets in MS: A plain language summary.","authors":"Peter Rieckmann, Diego Centonze, Gavin Giovannoni, Le H Hua, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Daniel Selchen, Per Soelberg Sørensen, Patrick Vermersch, Heinz Wiendl, Hashem Salloukh, Bassem Yamout","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is this summary about?: </strong>People with multiple sclerosis (shortened to MS) who are taking cladribine tablets may have concerns about whether they can be vaccinated against COVID-19. This summary details the findings from a previously published article, in which an international committee of 10 MS experts developed recommendations to answer some important questions about COVID-19 vaccines in people with MS (including relapsing-remitting or active secondary progressive disease) taking cladribine tablets.</p><p><strong>What were the results?: </strong>The committee identified 13 recommendations, which were all agreed upon by at least three-quarters (75%) of the 38 voting MS experts. Generally, they recommended that people with MS taking cladribine tablets should be vaccinated for COVID-19 as soon as possible, because the vaccine is thought to be both safe and effective, and vaccine responses were not likely to be affected by cladribine tablets.</p><p><strong>What do the results mean?: </strong>Overall, people with MS taking cladribine tablets should receive the COVID-19 vaccine to protect themselves, unless advised differently by their healthcare provider.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10590342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Foley, Regina Berkovich, Mark Gudesblatt, Elizabeth Luce, Beth Schneider, Carl de Moor, Shirley Liao, Lily Lee, Karthik Bodhinathan, Robin Avila
Aim: Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with natalizumab have anecdotally reported a 'feel-good experience' (FGE). The authors characterized the FGE using survey data from patients with RRMS treated with natalizumab or other disease-modifying therapies (other-DMT). Methods: Questionnaire data from RRMS patients who use MyMSTeam, an online patient social network, were analyzed. Results: The survey included 347 patients (95 natalizumab; 252 other-DMT). More natalizumab than other-DMT patients self-reported having an FGE (62.1 vs 44.8%; p = 0.001) as well as other physical, emotional and cognitive benefits. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that physical, emotional and cognitive benefits were more commonly reported by patients treated with natalizumab than those treated with other disease-modifying therapies and helps characterize patient-reported factors associated with the FGE.
目的:接受natalizumab治疗的复发-缓解型多发性硬化症(RRMS)患者有一种“感觉良好的体验”(FGE)。作者使用接受natalizumab或其他疾病改善疗法(other- dmt)治疗的RRMS患者的调查数据来描述FGE。方法:对使用在线患者社交网络MyMSTeam的RRMS患者的问卷数据进行分析。结果:调查包括347例患者(95例natalizumab;252 other-DMT)。natalizumab比其他dmt患者自我报告的FGE更多(62.1 vs 44.8%;P = 0.001),以及其他身体、情感和认知方面的益处。结论:本研究表明,接受natalizumab治疗的患者比接受其他疾病改善疗法治疗的患者更常报告身体、情绪和认知方面的益处,并有助于表征患者报告的与FGE相关的因素。
{"title":"Characterizing the 'feel-good experience' in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab or other therapies.","authors":"John Foley, Regina Berkovich, Mark Gudesblatt, Elizabeth Luce, Beth Schneider, Carl de Moor, Shirley Liao, Lily Lee, Karthik Bodhinathan, Robin Avila","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with natalizumab have anecdotally reported a 'feel-good experience' (FGE). The authors characterized the FGE using survey data from patients with RRMS treated with natalizumab or other disease-modifying therapies (other-DMT). <b>Methods:</b> Questionnaire data from RRMS patients who use MyMSTeam, an online patient social network, were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> The survey included 347 patients (95 natalizumab; 252 other-DMT). More natalizumab than other-DMT patients self-reported having an FGE (62.1 vs 44.8%; p = 0.001) as well as other physical, emotional and cognitive benefits. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrates that physical, emotional and cognitive benefits were more commonly reported by patients treated with natalizumab than those treated with other disease-modifying therapies and helps characterize patient-reported factors associated with the FGE.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10797634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Klaus Schmierer, Heinz Wiendl, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Diego Centonze, Anita Chudecka, Sanjeev Roy, Ursula Boschert
What is this summary about?: This is a summary of an article originally published in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal. Cladribine tablets (MAVENCLAD®) are an oral (taken by mouth) medication, approved for the treatment of people with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS, with episodes of new or worsening symptoms). They are administered for a maximum of 10 days per year, over a period of 2 years. Cladribine tablets work by temporarily reducing the number of lymphocytes, which are immune cells that help to fight off infections. Because of this, people with MS (also called PwMS) may have concerns about the effect of cladribine tablets on vaccines, as these work via immune cells to build protection against infection.
What happened in the magnify-ms study?: A study called MAGNIFY-MS investigated how long it takes for cladribine tablets to begin to work in people with a type of MS called highly active relapsing MS. During the study, some participants received their usual vaccinations against flu (influenza) and against the chickenpox virus (also called varicella zoster virus) as part of their routine medical care. The MAGNIFY-MS study gave the researchers an opportunity to look at how cladribine tablets affect the way the flu and chickenpox virus vaccines work in the body.
What were the results?: Cladribine tablets do not affect how well the body responds to flu and chickenpox vaccines.
What do the results mean?: PwMS taking cladribine tablets who are vaccinated against chickenpox, flu or both can be protected against these diseases.
{"title":"A plain language summary of the impact of vaccines against flu and chickenpox in people with multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets.","authors":"Klaus Schmierer, Heinz Wiendl, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Diego Centonze, Anita Chudecka, Sanjeev Roy, Ursula Boschert","doi":"10.2217/nmt-2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt-2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is this summary about?: </strong>This is a summary of an article originally published in the <i>Multiple Sclerosis Journal</i>. Cladribine tablets (MAVENCLAD<sup>®</sup>) are an oral (taken by mouth) medication, approved for the treatment of people with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS, with episodes of new or worsening symptoms). They are administered for a maximum of 10 days per year, over a period of 2 years. Cladribine tablets work by temporarily reducing the number of lymphocytes, which are immune cells that help to fight off infections. Because of this, people with MS (also called PwMS) may have concerns about the effect of cladribine tablets on vaccines, as these work via immune cells to build protection against infection.</p><p><strong>What happened in the magnify-ms study?: </strong>A study called MAGNIFY-MS investigated how long it takes for cladribine tablets to begin to work in people with a type of MS called highly active relapsing MS. During the study, some participants received their usual vaccinations against flu (influenza) and against the chickenpox virus (also called varicella zoster virus) as part of their routine medical care. The MAGNIFY-MS study gave the researchers an opportunity to look at how cladribine tablets affect the way the flu and chickenpox virus vaccines work in the body.</p><p><strong>What were the results?: </strong>Cladribine tablets do not affect how well the body responds to flu and chickenpox vaccines.</p><p><strong>What do the results mean?: </strong>PwMS taking cladribine tablets who are vaccinated against chickenpox, flu or both can be protected against these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19114,"journal":{"name":"Neurodegenerative disease management","volume":"13 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9361631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}