Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107351
Ryan Bogdan , Shelby D. Leverett , Anna M. Constantino-Petit , Nicole Lashley-Simms , David B. Liss , Emma C. Johnson , Shannon N. Lenze , Rachel E. Lean , Tara A. Smyser , Ebony B. Carter , Christopher D. Smyser , Cynthia E. Rogers , Arpana Agrawal
Background
Increasing cannabis use among pregnant people and equivocal evidence linking prenatal cannabis exposure to adverse outcomes in offspring highlights the need to understand its potential impact on pregnancy and child outcomes. Assessing cannabis use during pregnancy remains a major challenge with potential influences of stigma on self-report as well as detection limitations of easily collected biological matrices.
Objective
This descriptive study examined the concordance between self-reported (SR) cannabis use and urine drug screen (UDS) detection of cannabis exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and characterized concordant and discordant groups for sociodemographic factors, modes of use, secondhand exposure to cannabis and tobacco, and alcohol use and cotinine positivity.
Study design
The Cannabis Use During Development and Early Life (CUDDEL) Study is an ongoing longitudinal study that recruits pregnant individuals presenting for obstetric care, who report lifetime cannabis use as well as using (n = 289) or not using cannabis (n = 169) during pregnancy. During the first trimester pregnancy visit, SR of cannabis use and a UDS for cannabis, other illicit drugs and nicotine are acquired from eligible participants, of whom 333 as of 05/01/2023 had both.
Results
Using available CUDDEL Study data on both SR and UDS (n = 333; age 26.6 ± 4.7; 88.6% Black; 45.4% below federal poverty threshold; 56.5% with paid employment; 89% with high school education; 22% first pregnancy; 12.3 ± 3.6 weeks gestation), we classified pregnant individuals with SR and UDS data into 4 groups based on concordance (k = 0.49 [95% C.I. 0.40–0.58]) between SR cannabis use and UDS cannabis detection during the first trimester: 1) SR+/UDS+ (n = 107); 2) SR-/UDS- (n = 142); 3) SR+/UDS- (n = 44); 4) SR-/UDS+ (n = 40). Those who were SR+/UDS- reported less frequent cannabis use and fewer hours under the influence of cannabis during their pregnancy. Those who were SR-/UDS+ were more likely to have joined the study at a lower gestational age with 62.5% reporting cannabis use during their pregnancy prior to being aware that they were pregnant. Of the 40 SR-/UDS+ women, 14 (i.e., 35%) reported past month secondhand exposure, or blunt usage. In the subset of individuals with SR and UDS available at trimester 2 (N = 160) and 3 (N = 140), concordant groups were mostly stable and > 50% of those in the discordant groups became concordant by the second trimester. Classifying individuals as exposed or not exposed who were SR+ and/or UDS+ resulted in minor changes in group status based on self-report at screening.
Conclusion
Overall, there was moderate concordance between SR and UDS for cannabis use/exposure during pregnancy. Instances of SR+/UDS- discordancy may partia
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Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107348
Elize A. Santos Musachio , Stefani da Silva Andrade , Luana Barreto Meichtry , Eliana Jardim Fernandes , Pamela Piardi de Almeida , Dieniffer Espinosa Janner , Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh , Gustavo Petri Guerra , Marina Prigol
Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS) are being widely used by the industry with the claim of “safer substances”, even with the scarcity of toxicological studies. Given the etiological gap of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the environment may be a causal factor, so we investigated whether exposure to BPF and BPS during the developmental period can induce ASD-like modeling in adult flies. Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed during development (embryonic and larval period) to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM of BPF and BPS, separately inserted into the food. When they transformed into pupae were transferred to a standard diet, ensuring that the flies (adult stage) did not have contact with bisphenols. Thus, after hatching, consolidated behavioral tests were carried out for studies with ASD-type models in flies. It was observed that 1 mM BPF and BPS caused hyperactivity (evidenced by open-field test, negative geotaxis, increased aggressiveness and reproduction of repetitive behaviors). The flies belonging to the 1 mM groups of BPF and BPS also showed reduced cognitive capacity, elucidated by the learning behavior through aversive stimulus. Within the population dynamics that flies exposed to 1 mM BPF and 0.5 and 1 mM BPS showed a change in social interaction, remaining more distant from each other. Exposure to 1 mM BPF, 0.5 and 1 mM BPS increased brain size and reduced Shank immunoreactivity of adult flies. These findings complement each other and show that exposure to BPF and BPS during the development period can elucidate a model with endophenotypes similar to ASD in adult flies. Furthermore, when analyzing comparatively, BPS demonstrated a greater potential for damage when compared to BPF. Therefore, in general these data sets contradict the idea that these substances can be used freely.
双酚 F(BPF)和双酚 S(BPS)以 "更安全的物质 "的口号被工业界广泛使用,但其毒理学研究却很少。鉴于自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的病因学差异,环境可能是一个致病因素,因此我们研究了在发育期暴露于 BPF 和 BPS 是否会诱导成年果蝇产生类似 ASD 的模型。黑腹果蝇在发育期间(胚胎期和幼虫期)暴露于浓度分别为 0.25、0.5 和 1 mM 的 BPF 和 BPS。当它们转化为蛹时,将其转移到标准食物中,确保苍蝇(成虫阶段)不与双酚接触。因此,在孵化后,对苍蝇的 ASD 类型模型研究进行了综合行为测试。结果表明,1 毫摩尔的 BPF 和 BPS 会导致过度活跃(表现为开场试验、负地轴、攻击性增加和重复行为再现)。属于 1 mM BPF 和 BPS 组的苍蝇还表现出认知能力下降,通过厌恶刺激的学习行为可以说明这一点。在种群动态中,暴露于 1 mM BPF 和 0.5 和 1 mM BPS 的苍蝇显示出社会互动的变化,彼此间的距离更远。暴露于 1 mM BPF、0.5 mM 和 1 mM BPS 的成蝇脑体积增大,Shank 免疫反应降低。这些发现相辅相成,表明在成蝇发育期间暴露于 BPF 和 BPS 可阐明一种具有与 ASD 相似内表型的模型。此外,在进行比较分析时,与 BPF 相比,BPS 显示出更大的潜在损害。因此,总的来说,这些数据组与这些物质可以随意使用的观点相矛盾。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107338
Paige B. Greenwood , Mariah DeSerisy , Emily Koe , Elizabeth Rodriguez , Leilani Salas , Frederica P. Perera , Julie Herbstman , David Pagliaccio , Amy E. Margolis
Background
Prenatal exposure to secondhand (environmental) tobacco smoke (SHS) is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including altered functional activation of cognitive control brain circuitry and increased attention problems in children. Exposure to SHS is more common among Black youth who are also disproportionately exposed to socioeconomic disadvantage and concomitant maternal distress. We examine the combined effects of exposure to prenatal SHS and postnatal maternal distress on the global efficiency (GE) of the brain's cingulo-opercular (CO) and fronto-parietal control (FP) networks in childhood, as well as associated attention problems.
Methods
Thirty-two children of non-smoking mothers followed in a prospective longitudinal birth cohort at the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ages 7–9 years old. GE scores were extracted from general connectivity data collected while children completed the Simon Spatial Incompatibility functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task. Prenatal SHS was measured using maternal urinary cotinine from the third trimester; postnatal maternal distress was assessed at child age 5 using the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview (PERI-D). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) measured Attention and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems at ages 7–9. Linear regressions examined the interaction between prenatal SHS and postnatal maternal distress on the GE of the CO or FP networks, as well as associations between exposure-related network alterations and attention problems. All models controlled for age, sex, maternal education at prenatal visit, race/ethnicity, global brain correlation, and mean head motion.
Results
The prenatal SHS by postnatal maternal distress interaction term associated with the GE of the CO network (β = 0.673, Bu = 0.042, t(22) = 2.427, p = .024, D = 1.42, 95% CI [0.006, 0.079], but not the FP network (β = 0.138, Bu = 0.006, t(22) = 0.434, p = .668, 95% CI [−0.022, 0.033]). Higher GE of the CO network was associated with more attention problems (β = 0.472, Bu = 43.076, t(23) = 2.780, p = .011, D = 1.74, n = 31, 95% CI [11.024, 75.128], n = 31) and ADHD risk (β = 0.436, Bu = 21.961, t(29) = 2.567, p = .018, D = 1.81, 95% CI [4.219, 39.703], n = 30).
Conclusions
These preliminary findings suggest that sequential prenatal SHS exposure and postnatal maternal distress could alter the efficiency of the CO network and increase risk for downstream attention problems and ADHD. These findings are consistent with prior studies showing that prenatal SHS exposure is associated with altered function of brain regions that support cognitive control and with ADHD problems. Our model also identifies postnatal materna
背景:产前接触二手(环境)烟草烟雾(SHS)与不良的神经发育结果有关,包括认知控制脑回路功能激活的改变和儿童注意力问题的增加。接触二手(环境)烟草烟雾(SHS)在黑人青少年中更为常见,而这些黑人青少年还不成比例地暴露于社会经济劣势和伴随而来的孕产妇困扰中。我们研究了产前暴露于SHS和产后母亲窘迫对儿童期大脑脑鞘-小脑(CO)和前顶叶控制(FP)网络的整体效率(GE)以及相关注意力问题的综合影响:在哥伦比亚儿童环境健康中心(CCCEH)的一个前瞻性纵向出生队列中,32 名母亲不吸烟的儿童在 7-9 岁时完成了磁共振成像(MRI)。在儿童完成西蒙空间不相容功能磁共振成像(fMRI)任务时,从收集到的一般连接数据中提取 GE 分数。产前 SHS 采用母亲怀孕三个月时尿液中的可替宁进行测量;产后母亲痛苦采用精神流行病学研究访谈(PERI-D)在儿童 5 岁时进行评估。儿童行为检查表(CBCL)对 7-9 岁儿童的注意力和注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)问题进行了测量。线性回归研究了产前 SHS 和产后母亲痛苦对 CO 或 FP 网络 GE 的交互作用,以及暴露相关网络改变与注意力问题之间的关联。所有模型都控制了年龄、性别、产前就诊时的母亲教育程度、种族/民族、全脑相关性和平均头部运动:结果:产前 SHS 与产后产妇窘迫的交互项与 CO 网络的 GE 有关(β = 0.673,Bu = 0.042,t(22) = 2.427,p = .024,D = 1.42,95% CI [0.006,0.079]),但与 FP 网络无关(β = 0.138,Bu = 0.006,t(22) = 0.434,p = .668,95% CI [-0.022,0.033])。更高的 CO 网络 GE 与更多的注意力问题相关(β = 0.472,Bu = 43.076,t(23) = 2.780,p = .011,D = 1.74,n = 31,95% CI [11.024, 75.128], n = 31)和多动症风险(β = 0.436, Bu = 21.961, t(29) = 2.567, p = .018, D = 1.81, 95% CI [4.219, 39.703], n = 30):这些初步研究结果表明,产前连续接触 SHS 和产后母体窘迫可能会改变 CO 网络的效率,并增加出现下游注意力问题和多动症的风险。这些发现与之前的研究一致,之前的研究表明,产前接触 SHS 与支持认知控制的大脑区域功能改变和多动症问题有关。我们的模型还发现,产后母亲的痛苦是这种关联的一个重要调节因素。这些数据凸显了产前接触 SHS 和产后母亲窘迫对神经的综合毒性影响。重要的是,这种接触在少数群体青少年中的分布不成比例,这表明已知的心理健康差异有可能是通过这种途径产生的。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107339
Alexandra Stickler , Andrew B. Hawkey , Anas Gondal , Sarabesh Natarajan , Mikayla Mead , Edward D. Levin
Developmental exposure to either polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals has been shown to cause persisting and overlapping neurobehavioral effects in animal models. However, interactions between these compounds have not been well characterized, despite their co-occurrence in a variety of environmental media. In two companion studies, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) with or without co-exposure to prototypic PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, Exp. 1) or fluoranthene (FA, Exp. 2) using a developing zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to Cd (0–0.3 μM), BaP (0–3 μM), FA (0–1.0 μM), or binary Cd-PAH mixtures from 5 to 122 h post fertilization (hpf). In Exp. 1, Cd and BaP produced independent effects on an array of outcomes and interacting effects on specific outcomes. Notably, Cd-induced deficits in dark-induced locomotor stimulation were attenuated by BaP co-exposure in the larval motility test and BaP-induced hyperactivity was attenuated by Cd co-exposure in the adolescent novel tank test. Likewise, in Exp. 2, Cd and FA produced both independent and interacting effects. FA-induced increases on adult post-tap activity in the tap startle test were attenuated by co-exposure with Cd. On the predator avoidance test, FA- and 0.3 μM Cd-induced hyperactivity effects were attenuated by their co-exposure. Taken together, these data indicate that while the effects of Cd and these representative PAHs on zebrafish behavior were largely independent of one another, binary mixtures can produce sub-additive effects for some neurobehavioral outcomes and at certain ages. This research emphasizes the need for detailed risk assessments of mixtures containing contaminants of differing classes, and for clarity on the mechanisms which allow cross-class toxicant interactions to occur.
在动物模型中,发育期接触多环芳烃(PAHs)或重金属会对神经行为产生持续和重叠的影响。然而,尽管这些化合物同时存在于各种环境介质中,但它们之间的相互作用还没有得到很好的描述。在两项配套研究中,我们以发育中的斑马鱼为模型,研究了同时暴露于镉(Cd)和原型多环芳烃苯并[a]芘(BaP,实验 1)或荧蒽(FA,实验 2)对发育的影响。斑马鱼胚胎在受精后 5 至 122 小时(hpf)内暴露于 Cd(0-0.3 μM)、BaP(0-3 μM)、FA(0-1.0 μM)或二元 Cd-PAH 混合物。在实验 1 中,Cd 和 BaP 对一系列结果产生独立影响,并对特定结果产生交互影响。值得注意的是,在幼虫运动试验中,共同暴露于 BaP 可减弱 Cd 诱导的黑暗诱导运动刺激缺陷;在青少年新水箱试验中,共同暴露于 Cd 可减弱 BaP 诱导的过度活跃。同样,在实验 2 中,Cd 和 FA 产生了独立和交互作用。在敲击惊吓试验中,FA引起的成年敲击后活动的增加因同时暴露于Cd而减弱。在捕食者回避试验中,FA 和 0.3 μM Cd 诱导的过度活动效应因同时暴露而减弱。总之,这些数据表明,虽然镉和这些具有代表性的多环芳烃对斑马鱼行为的影响在很大程度上是相互独立的,但二元混合物在某些神经行为结果和某些年龄段会产生次叠加效应。这项研究强调,需要对含有不同类别污染物的混合物进行详细的风险评估,并明确发生跨类别毒性相互作用的机制。
{"title":"Embryonic exposures to cadmium and PAHs cause long-term and interacting neurobehavioral effects in zebrafish","authors":"Alexandra Stickler , Andrew B. Hawkey , Anas Gondal , Sarabesh Natarajan , Mikayla Mead , Edward D. Levin","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developmental exposure to either polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals has been shown to cause persisting and overlapping neurobehavioral effects in animal models. However, interactions between these compounds have not been well characterized, despite their co-occurrence in a variety of environmental media. In two companion studies, we examined the effects of developmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) with or without co-exposure to prototypic PAHs benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene (BaP, Exp. 1) or fluoranthene (FA, Exp. 2) using a developing zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to Cd (0–0.3 μM), BaP (0–3 μM), FA (0–1.0 μM), or binary Cd-PAH mixtures from 5 to 122 h post fertilization (hpf). In Exp. 1, Cd and BaP produced independent effects on an array of outcomes and interacting effects on specific outcomes. Notably, Cd-induced deficits in dark-induced locomotor stimulation were attenuated by BaP co-exposure in the larval motility test and BaP-induced hyperactivity was attenuated by Cd co-exposure in the adolescent novel tank test. Likewise, in Exp. 2, Cd and FA produced both independent and interacting effects. FA-induced increases on adult post-tap activity in the tap startle test were attenuated by co-exposure with Cd. On the predator avoidance test, FA- and 0.3 μM Cd-induced hyperactivity effects were attenuated by their co-exposure. Taken together, these data indicate that while the effects of Cd and these representative PAHs on zebrafish behavior were largely independent of one another, binary mixtures can produce sub-additive effects for some neurobehavioral outcomes and at certain ages. This research emphasizes the need for detailed risk assessments of mixtures containing contaminants of differing classes, and for clarity on the mechanisms which allow cross-class toxicant interactions to occur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107341
Laura C. Ornelas , Eric W. Fish , Jacob C. Dooley , Megan Carroll , Scott E. Parnell , Joyce Besheer
Prenatal exposure to alcohol or cannabinoids can produce enduring neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes in the offspring. Furthermore, prenatal co-exposure to alcohol and cannabinoids induces malformations in brain regions associated with reward and stress-related circuitry. This study examined the effects of co-exposure to alcohol and the synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) CP55,940 throughout gastrulation and neurulation in rats on basal corticosterone levels and a battery of behavioral tests during adolescence and alcohol self-administration in adulthood. Importantly, we find that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) caused lower baseline corticosterone levels in adolescent males and females. Co-exposure to alcohol + CP produced hyperactivity during open field test in males, but not females. During the two-bottle choice alcohol-drinking procedure, prenatal cannabinoid exposed male and female adolescent rats drank more alcohol than their vehicle-exposed controls. In adulthood, female rats treated with prenatal cannabinoid exposure (PCE), showed an overall total increase in alcohol intake during alcohol self-administration; but this was not found in males. When the reinforcer was changed to a 1% sucrose solution, male rats exposed to PCE, showed a reduced self-administration compared to vehicle-exposed males, potentially indicative of an anhedonic response. This lower self-administration persisted when 20% alcohol was reintroduced to the sucrose solution. Lastly, following an abstinence period, there were no changes due to prenatal drug exposure in either males or females. Overall, these data suggest lasting consequences of prenatal alcohol and cannabinoid exposure during adolescence and adulthood in male and female rats.
{"title":"The impact of prenatal alcohol, synthetic cannabinoid and co-exposure on behavioral adaptations in adolescent offspring and alcohol self-administration in adulthood","authors":"Laura C. Ornelas , Eric W. Fish , Jacob C. Dooley , Megan Carroll , Scott E. Parnell , Joyce Besheer","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prenatal exposure to alcohol or cannabinoids can produce enduring neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes in the offspring. Furthermore, prenatal co-exposure to alcohol and cannabinoids induces malformations in brain regions associated with reward and stress-related circuitry. This study examined the effects of co-exposure to alcohol and the synthetic cannabinoid (SCB) CP55,940 throughout gastrulation and neurulation in rats on basal corticosterone levels and a battery of behavioral tests during adolescence and alcohol self-administration in adulthood. Importantly, we find that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) caused lower baseline corticosterone levels in adolescent males and females. Co-exposure to alcohol + CP produced hyperactivity during open field test in males, but not females. During the two-bottle choice alcohol-drinking procedure, prenatal cannabinoid exposed male and female adolescent rats drank more alcohol than their vehicle-exposed controls. In adulthood, female rats treated with prenatal cannabinoid exposure (PCE), showed an overall total increase in alcohol intake during alcohol self-administration; but this was not found in males. When the reinforcer was changed to a 1% sucrose solution, male rats exposed to PCE, showed a reduced self-administration compared to vehicle-exposed males, potentially indicative of an anhedonic response. This lower self-administration persisted when 20% alcohol was reintroduced to the sucrose solution. Lastly, following an abstinence period, there were no changes due to prenatal drug exposure in either males or females. Overall, these data suggest lasting consequences of prenatal alcohol and cannabinoid exposure during adolescence and adulthood in male and female rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107337
Shanna L. Howard , Stephane A. Beaudin , Barbara J. Strupp , Donald R. Smith
Studies in children have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and ADHD-related symptoms of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and psychomotor impairment. Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) during pregnancy/lactation may hold promise as a protective strategy because it has been shown to lessen cognitive dysfunction caused by numerous early insults. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) developmental Mn exposure alters behavioral reactivity/emotion regulation, in addition to impairing learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function, and (2) MCS protects against these Mn-induced impairments. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were given standard diet, or a diet supplemented with additional choline throughout gestation and lactation (GD 3 - PND 21). Male offspring were exposed orally to 0 or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over PND 1–21. In adulthood, animals were tested in a series of learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor tasks. Mn exposure caused lasting dysfunction in attention, reactivity to errors and reward omission, learning, and sensorimotor function, recapitulating the constellation of symptoms seen in ADHD children. MCS lessened Mn-induced attentional dysfunction and partially normalized reactivity to committing an error or not receiving an expected reward but provided no protection against Mn-induced learning or sensorimotor dysfunction. In the absence of Mn exposure, MCS produces lasting offspring benefits in learning, attention, and reactivity to errors. To conclude, developmental Mn exposure produces a constellation of deficits consistent with ADHD symptomology, and MCS offered some protection against the adverse Mn effects, adding to the evidence that maternal choline supplementation is neuroprotective for offspring and improves offspring cognitive functioning.
{"title":"Maternal choline supplementation lessens the behavioral dysfunction produced by developmental manganese exposure in a rodent model of ADHD","authors":"Shanna L. Howard , Stephane A. Beaudin , Barbara J. Strupp , Donald R. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies in children have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and ADHD-related symptoms of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and psychomotor impairment. Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) during pregnancy/lactation may hold promise as a protective strategy because it has been shown to lessen cognitive dysfunction caused by numerous early insults. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) developmental Mn exposure alters behavioral reactivity/emotion regulation, in addition to impairing learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function, and (2) MCS protects against these Mn-induced impairments<strong>.</strong> Pregnant Long-Evans rats were given standard diet, or a diet supplemented with additional choline throughout gestation and lactation (GD 3 - PND 21). Male offspring were exposed orally to 0 or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over PND 1–21. In adulthood, animals were tested in a series of learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor tasks. Mn exposure caused lasting dysfunction in attention, reactivity to errors and reward omission, learning, and sensorimotor function, recapitulating the constellation of symptoms seen in ADHD children. MCS lessened Mn-induced attentional dysfunction and partially normalized reactivity to committing an error or not receiving an expected reward but provided no protection against Mn-induced learning or sensorimotor dysfunction. In the absence of Mn exposure, MCS produces lasting offspring benefits in learning, attention, and reactivity to errors. To conclude, developmental Mn exposure produces a constellation of deficits consistent with ADHD symptomology, and MCS offered some protection against the adverse Mn effects, adding to the evidence that maternal choline supplementation is neuroprotective for offspring and improves offspring cognitive functioning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107340
Abay Woday Tadesse , Getinet Ayano , Berihun Assefa Dachew , Biruk Shalmeno Tusa , Yitayish Damtie , Kim Betts , Rosa Alati
Objective
To examine the association between prenatal cannabis use and structural birth defects in exposed offspring.
Methods
In line with the preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022368623), we systematically searched PubMed/Medline, CINHAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Psych-Info, and Google Scholar for published articles until 25 January 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). A meta-analysis was carried out to report the pooled effect estimates from the included studies. We further performed subgroup, leave-one-out sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses, which increased the robustness of our findings.
Results
In this cumulative meta-analysis, thirty-six observational studies, consisting of 18 case-control and 18 cohort studies, with 230, 816 cases of birth defects and 18,049,013 controls (healthy babies) were included in the final analysis. We found that offspring exposed to maternal prenatal cannabis are at greater risks of a wide range of structural birth defects: cardiovascular/heart [OR = 2.35: 95 % CI 1.63 – 3.39], gastrointestinal [OR = 2.42: 95 % CI 1.61 – 3.64], central nervous system [OR = 2.87: 95 % CI 1.51 – 5.46], genitourinary [OR = 2.39: 95 % CI 1.11 – 5.17], and any (unclassified) birth defects [OR = 1.25: 95 % CI 1.12 – 1.41].
Conclusion
The findings from the current study suggest that maternal prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with a higher risk of different forms of structural birth defects in offspring. The findings underscore the significance of implementing preventive strategies, including enhanced preconception counselling, to address cannabis use during pregnancy and mitigate the risk of birth defects in offspring.
目的研究产前吸食大麻与暴露后代出生结构缺陷之间的关联:根据预先登记的协议(PROSPERO:CRD42022368623),我们系统检索了 PubMed/Medline、CINHAL、EMBASE、Web of Science、ProQuest、Psych-Info 和 Google Scholar 上截至 2024 年 1 月 25 日已发表的文章。纳入研究的方法学质量采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量评估量表(NOS)进行评估。我们进行了一项荟萃分析,以报告所纳入研究的汇总效应估计值。我们还进行了亚组分析、剔除敏感性分析和元回归分析,从而提高了研究结果的稳健性:在这项累积荟萃分析中,有 36 项观察性研究(包括 18 项病例对照研究和 18 项队列研究)被纳入最终分析,其中有 230 816 例出生缺陷病例和 18 049 013 例对照(健康婴儿)。我们发现,母体产前接触大麻的后代罹患多种结构性先天缺陷的风险更高:心血管/心脏 [OR = 2.35: 95 % CI 1.63 - 3.39]、胃肠道 [OR = 2.42: 95 % CI 1.61 - 3.64]、中枢神经系统[OR = 2.87: 95 % CI 1.51 - 5.46]、泌尿生殖系统[OR = 2.39: 95 % CI 1.11 - 5.17]和任何(未分类)出生缺陷[OR = 1.25: 95 % CI 1.12 - 1.41]:本研究的结果表明,母体产前接触大麻与后代出现不同形式结构性先天缺陷的较高风险有关。研究结果强调了实施预防策略(包括加强孕前咨询)的重要性,以解决孕期吸食大麻的问题并降低后代出生缺陷的风险。
{"title":"The association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in offspring: A cumulative meta-analysis","authors":"Abay Woday Tadesse , Getinet Ayano , Berihun Assefa Dachew , Biruk Shalmeno Tusa , Yitayish Damtie , Kim Betts , Rosa Alati","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the association between prenatal cannabis use and structural birth defects in exposed offspring.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In line with the preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022368623), we systematically searched PubMed/Medline, CINHAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Psych-Info, and Google Scholar for published articles until 25 January 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). A meta-analysis was carried out to report the pooled effect estimates from the included studies. We further performed subgroup, leave-one-out sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses, which increased the robustness of our findings.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In this cumulative meta-analysis, thirty-six observational studies, consisting of 18 case-control and 18 cohort studies, with 230, 816 cases of birth defects and 18,049,013 controls (healthy babies) were included in the final analysis. We found that offspring exposed to maternal prenatal cannabis are at greater risks of a wide range of structural birth defects: cardiovascular/heart [OR = 2.35: 95 % CI 1.63 – 3.39], gastrointestinal [OR = 2.42: 95 % CI 1.61 – 3.64], central nervous system [OR = 2.87: 95 % CI 1.51 – 5.46], genitourinary [OR = 2.39: 95 % CI 1.11 – 5.17], and any (unclassified) birth defects [OR = 1.25: 95 % CI 1.12 – 1.41].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings from the current study suggest that maternal prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with a higher risk of different forms of structural birth defects in offspring. The findings underscore the significance of implementing preventive strategies, including enhanced preconception counselling, to address cannabis use during pregnancy and mitigate the risk of birth defects in offspring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140068606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107336
Hunter Morera , Palak Dave , Yaroslav Kolinko , Saeed Alahmari , Aidan Anderson , Grant Denham , Chloe Davis , Juan Riano , Dmitry Goldgof , Lawrence O. Hall , G. Jean Harry , Peter R. Mouton
Microglial cells mediate diverse homeostatic, inflammatory, and immune processes during normal development and in response to cytotoxic challenges. During these functional activities, microglial cells undergo distinct numerical and morphological changes in different tissue volumes in both rodent and human brains. However, it remains unclear how these cytostructural changes in microglia correlate with region-specific neurochemical functions. To better understand these relationships, neuroscientists need accurate, reproducible, and efficient methods for quantifying microglial cell number and morphologies in histological sections. To address this deficit, we developed a novel deep learning (DL)-based classification, stereology approach that links the appearance of Iba1 immunostained microglial cells at low magnification (20×) with the total number of cells in the same brain region based on unbiased stereology counts as ground truth. Once DL models are trained, total microglial cell numbers in specific regions of interest can be estimated and treatment groups predicted in a high-throughput manner (<1 min) using only low-power images from test cases, without the need for time and labor-intensive stereology counts or morphology ratings in test cases. Results for this DL-based automatic stereology approach on two datasets (total 39 mouse brains) showed >90% accuracy, 100% percent repeatability (Test-Retest) and 60× greater efficiency than manual stereology (<1 min vs. ∼ 60 min) using the same tissue sections. Ongoing and future work includes use of this DL-based approach to establish clear neurodegeneration profiles in age-related human neurological diseases and related animal models.
{"title":"A novel deep learning-based method for automatic stereology of microglia cells from low magnification images","authors":"Hunter Morera , Palak Dave , Yaroslav Kolinko , Saeed Alahmari , Aidan Anderson , Grant Denham , Chloe Davis , Juan Riano , Dmitry Goldgof , Lawrence O. Hall , G. Jean Harry , Peter R. Mouton","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microglial cells mediate diverse homeostatic, inflammatory, and immune processes during normal development and in response to cytotoxic challenges. During these functional activities, microglial cells undergo distinct numerical and morphological changes in different tissue volumes in both rodent and human brains. However, it remains unclear how these cytostructural changes in microglia correlate with region-specific neurochemical functions. To better understand these relationships, neuroscientists need accurate, reproducible, and efficient methods for quantifying microglial cell number and morphologies in histological sections. To address this deficit, we developed a novel deep learning (DL)-based classification, stereology approach that links the appearance of Iba1 immunostained microglial cells at low magnification (20×) with the total number of cells in the same brain region based on unbiased stereology counts as ground truth. Once DL models are trained, total microglial cell numbers in specific regions of interest can be estimated and treatment groups predicted in a high-throughput manner (<1 min) using only low-power images from test cases, without the need for time and labor-intensive stereology counts or morphology ratings in test cases. Results for this DL-based automatic stereology approach on two datasets (total 39 mouse brains) showed >90% accuracy, 100% percent repeatability (Test-Retest) and 60× greater efficiency than manual stereology (<1 min vs. ∼ 60 min) using the same tissue sections. Ongoing and future work includes use of this DL-based approach to establish clear neurodegeneration profiles in age-related human neurological diseases and related animal models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107335
Gale A. Richardson , Natacha M. De Genna , Jennifer A. Willford , Lidush Goldschmidt
This is a report from the most recent adult follow-up of the longest running cohort study of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), in which women were enrolled prenatally and offspring were assessed in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. In previous studies, PCE was linked to offspring behavior problems such as early substance use and externalizing behavior problems. The current analyses examine pathways from PCE to behavioral outcomes in offspring at the 25-year assessment. Prenatal cocaine exposure was moderate in this cohort; most women decreased or discontinued use after the first trimester. During the first and third trimesters, 38% and 11% used cocaine, respectively. This represents the most common pattern of PCE in non-treatment samples. At this phase, the adult offspring were, on average, 27.3 years old (range = 25–30), had 13.4 years of education, 83% were employed, 55% were Black, and 55% were female. Offspring who were exposed to cocaine during the first trimester were significantly more likely to use marijuana in the past year, report more arrests, and have poorer scores on a decision-making task, controlling for other prenatal substance exposure, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. In mediation analyses, there were indirect pathways from PCE to current marijuana use through early initiation of marijuana use and 21-year marijuana use, and through 15-year status offenses and 21-year marijuana use. There was also an indirect pathway from PCE to lifetime arrests through early initiation of marijuana use and 21-year Conduct Disorder, although the direct pathway from PCE to arrests also remained significant. These findings are consistent with those from previous phases and are an indication that there are detrimental associations with PCE that persist across developmental stages and into adulthood.
{"title":"Pathways from prenatal cocaine exposure to adult substance use and behavior","authors":"Gale A. Richardson , Natacha M. De Genna , Jennifer A. Willford , Lidush Goldschmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This is a report from the most recent adult follow-up of the longest running cohort study of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), in which women were enrolled prenatally and offspring were assessed in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. In previous studies, PCE was linked to offspring behavior problems such as early substance use and externalizing behavior problems. The current analyses examine pathways from PCE to behavioral outcomes in offspring at the 25-year assessment. Prenatal cocaine exposure was moderate in this cohort; most women decreased or discontinued use after the first trimester. During the first and third trimesters, 38% and 11% used cocaine, respectively. This represents the most common pattern of PCE in non-treatment samples. At this phase, the adult offspring were, on average, 27.3 years old (range = 25–30), had 13.4 years of education, 83% were employed, 55% were Black, and 55% were female. Offspring who were exposed to cocaine during the first trimester were significantly more likely to use marijuana in the past year, report more arrests, and have poorer scores on a decision-making task, controlling for other prenatal substance exposure, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. In mediation analyses, there were indirect pathways from PCE to current marijuana use through early initiation of marijuana use and 21-year marijuana use, and through 15-year status offenses and 21-year marijuana use. There was also an indirect pathway from PCE to lifetime arrests through early initiation of marijuana use and 21-year Conduct Disorder, although the direct pathway from PCE to arrests also remained significant. These findings are consistent with those from previous phases and are an indication that there are detrimental associations with PCE that persist across developmental stages and into adulthood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107334
Beth A. Bailey, Haley Kopkau, Katherine Nadolski, Phoebe Dodge
Background
Research reveals small and inconsistent findings linking prenatal tobacco exposure and early fetal growth, but failure to consider confounding and amount of exposure many explain inconsistencies.
Goal
To examine whether fetal growth effects following exposure to tobacco are evident in the second trimester, specific to certain growth parameters, and dose dependent.
Methods
Participants were pregnant women (64 smokers, 100 controls) with no other drug use. Available data included background/medical information and ultrasound measurements coded as percentiles.
Results
Controlling for background differences, 10+ cig/day predicted a 10+ percentile point reduction in estimated fetal weight, femur length, head circumference, and biparietal diameter compared to non-exposed controls. Exposure to <10 cig/day predicted significant reduction in only biparietal diameter. Exposure was unrelated to abdominal circumference.
Conclusions
Results demonstrate utility of considering amount of exposure when examining/quantifying fetal growth effects, and suggest even reduction in early pregnancy smoking may positively benefit aspects of fetal development.
{"title":"Impact of in utero tobacco exposure on fetal growth: Amount of exposure and second trimester fetal growth measurements","authors":"Beth A. Bailey, Haley Kopkau, Katherine Nadolski, Phoebe Dodge","doi":"10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Research reveals small and inconsistent findings linking prenatal tobacco exposure and early fetal growth, but failure to consider confounding and amount of exposure many explain inconsistencies.</p></div><div><h3>Goal</h3><p>To examine whether fetal growth effects following exposure to tobacco are evident in the second trimester, specific to certain growth parameters, and dose dependent.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were pregnant women (64 smokers, 100 controls) with no other drug use. Available data included background/medical information and ultrasound measurements coded as percentiles.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Controlling for background differences, 10+ cig/day predicted a 10+ percentile point reduction in estimated fetal weight, femur length, head circumference, and biparietal diameter compared to non-exposed controls. Exposure to <10 cig/day predicted significant reduction in only biparietal diameter. Exposure was unrelated to abdominal circumference.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Results demonstrate utility of considering amount of exposure when examining/quantifying fetal growth effects, and suggest even reduction in early pregnancy smoking may positively benefit aspects of fetal development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19144,"journal":{"name":"Neurotoxicology and teratology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139738090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}