Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s41365-024-01462-w
Gao-Long Zhang, Zhen-Wei Jiao, Guang-Xin Zhang, E. N. Cardozo, B. Paes, Shi-Peng Hu, Jian-Qiang Qian, Daniele Mengoni, Wei-Wei Qu, Cong-Bo Li, Yun Zheng, Huan-Qiao Zhang, Hui-Bin Sun, Nan Wang, Chun-Lei Zhang, J. J. Valiente-Dobón, D. Testov, M. Mazzocco, A. Gozzelino, C. Parascandolo, D. Pierroutsakou, M. La Commara, A. Goasduff, D. Bazzacco, D. R. Napoli, F. Galtarossa, F. Recchia, A. Illana, S. Bakes, I. Zanon, S. Aydin, G. de Angelis, M. Siciliano, R. Menegazzo, S. M. Lenzi, S. Akkoyun, L. F. Canto, J. Lubian
One-neutron stripping process between (^{6})Li and (^{209})Bi was studied at 28, 30, and 34 MeV using the in-beam (gamma )-ray spectroscopy method. The (gamma )–(gamma ) coincident analysis clearly identified two (gamma )-rays feeding the ground and long-lived isomeric states, which were employed to determine the cross section. The one-neutron stripping cross sections were similar to the cross sections of complete fusion in the (^6)Li+(^{209})Bi system, but the one-neutron stripping cross sections decreased more gradually at the sub-barrier region. A coupled-reaction-channel calculation was performed to study the detailed reaction mechanism of the one-neutron stripping process in (^6)Li. The calculations indicated that the first excited state of (^5)Li is critical in the actual one-neutron transfer mechanism, and the valence proton of (^{209}textrm{Bi}) can be excited to the low-lying excited state in ((^{6}textrm{Li}),(^{5}textrm{Li})) reaction, unlike in the (d,p) reaction.
{"title":"One-neutron stripping process in the 209Bi(6Li, 5Li)210Bi* reaction reaction","authors":"Gao-Long Zhang, Zhen-Wei Jiao, Guang-Xin Zhang, E. N. Cardozo, B. Paes, Shi-Peng Hu, Jian-Qiang Qian, Daniele Mengoni, Wei-Wei Qu, Cong-Bo Li, Yun Zheng, Huan-Qiao Zhang, Hui-Bin Sun, Nan Wang, Chun-Lei Zhang, J. J. Valiente-Dobón, D. Testov, M. Mazzocco, A. Gozzelino, C. Parascandolo, D. Pierroutsakou, M. La Commara, A. Goasduff, D. Bazzacco, D. R. Napoli, F. Galtarossa, F. Recchia, A. Illana, S. Bakes, I. Zanon, S. Aydin, G. de Angelis, M. Siciliano, R. Menegazzo, S. M. Lenzi, S. Akkoyun, L. F. Canto, J. Lubian","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01462-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01462-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One-neutron stripping process between <span>(^{6})</span>Li and <span>(^{209})</span>Bi was studied at 28, 30, and 34 MeV using the in-beam <span>(gamma )</span>-ray spectroscopy method. The <span>(gamma )</span>–<span>(gamma )</span> coincident analysis clearly identified two <span>(gamma )</span>-rays feeding the ground and long-lived isomeric states, which were employed to determine the cross section. The one-neutron stripping cross sections were similar to the cross sections of complete fusion in the <span>(^6)</span>Li+<span>(^{209})</span>Bi system, but the one-neutron stripping cross sections decreased more gradually at the sub-barrier region. A coupled-reaction-channel calculation was performed to study the detailed reaction mechanism of the one-neutron stripping process in <span>(^6)</span>Li. The calculations indicated that the first excited state of <span>(^5)</span>Li is critical in the actual one-neutron transfer mechanism, and the valence proton of <span>(^{209}textrm{Bi})</span> can be excited to the low-lying excited state in (<span>(^{6}textrm{Li})</span>,<span>(^{5}textrm{Li})</span>) reaction, unlike in the (d,p) reaction.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141511955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1007/s41365-024-01472-8
Hai-Sheng Xu, Chun-Tao Lin, Na Wang, Jing-Ye Xu, Yuan Zhang
Transverse mode-coupling instability (TMCI) is a dangerous transverse single-bunch instability that can lead to severe particle loss. The mechanism of TMCI can be explained by the coupling of transverse coherent oscillation modes owing to the transverse short-range wakefield (i.e., the transverse broadband impedance). Recent studies on future circular colliders, e.g., FCC-ee, showed that the threshold of TMCI decreased significantly when both longitudinal and transverse impedances were included. We performed computations for the circular electron–positron collider (CEPC) and observed a similar phenomenon. Systematic studies on the influence of longitudinal impedance on the TMCI threshold were conducted. We concluded that the imaginary part of the longitudinal impedance, which caused a reduction in the incoherent synchrotron tune, was the primary reason for the reduction in the TMCI threshold. Additionally, the real part of the longitudinal impedance assists in increasing the TMCI threshold.
{"title":"Transverse mode-coupling instability with longitudinal impedance","authors":"Hai-Sheng Xu, Chun-Tao Lin, Na Wang, Jing-Ye Xu, Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01472-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01472-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transverse mode-coupling instability (TMCI) is a dangerous transverse single-bunch instability that can lead to severe particle loss. The mechanism of TMCI can be explained by the coupling of transverse coherent oscillation modes owing to the transverse short-range wakefield (i.e., the transverse broadband impedance). Recent studies on future circular colliders, e.g., FCC-ee, showed that the threshold of TMCI decreased significantly when both longitudinal and transverse impedances were included. We performed computations for the circular electron–positron collider (CEPC) and observed a similar phenomenon. Systematic studies on the influence of longitudinal impedance on the TMCI threshold were conducted. We concluded that the imaginary part of the longitudinal impedance, which caused a reduction in the incoherent synchrotron tune, was the primary reason for the reduction in the TMCI threshold. Additionally, the real part of the longitudinal impedance assists in increasing the TMCI threshold.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s41365-024-01449-7
S. Madhu, H. C. Manjunatha, N. Sowmya, B. M. Rajesh, L. Seenappa, R. S. Susheela
We investigated (^{50,52-54})Cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy element in the (104le Zle 122) range. The cross sections produced in this investigation using (^{54})Cr projectiles were compared with those obtained in prior experiments. The estimated cross sections from this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior studies. From the current study, the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 MeV for (^{53})Cr+(^{243})Am, 23.2 fb at 236 MeV for (^{54})Cr+(^{247})Cm, 95.6 fb at 240 MeV for (^{53})Cr+(^{248})Bk, and 1.33 fb at 242 MeV for (^{53})Cr+(^{250})Cf. Consequently, these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam energy will be useful in future Cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.
{"title":"Cr-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elements","authors":"S. Madhu, H. C. Manjunatha, N. Sowmya, B. M. Rajesh, L. Seenappa, R. S. Susheela","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01449-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01449-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated <span>(^{50,52-54})</span>Cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy element in the <span>(104le Zle 122)</span> range. The cross sections produced in this investigation using <span>(^{54})</span>Cr projectiles were compared with those obtained in prior experiments. The estimated cross sections from this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior studies. From the current study, the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 MeV for <span>(^{53})</span>Cr+<span>(^{243})</span>Am, 23.2 fb at 236 MeV for <span>(^{54})</span>Cr+<span>(^{247})</span>Cm, 95.6 fb at 240 MeV for <span>(^{53})</span>Cr+<span>(^{248})</span>Bk, and 1.33 fb at 242 MeV for <span>(^{53})</span>Cr+<span>(^{250})</span>Cf. Consequently, these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam energy will be useful in future Cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s41365-024-01450-0
Xiao-Yu Xu, Li Deng, Ai-Xi Chen, Hang Yang, Amir Jalili, Han-Kui Wang
Nuclear mass is a fundamental property of nuclear physics and a necessary input in nuclear astrophysics. Owing to the complexity of atomic nuclei and nonperturbative strong interactions, conventional physical models cannot completely describe nuclear binding energies. In this study, the mass formula was improved by considering an additional term from the Fermi gas model. All nuclear masses in the Atomic Mass Evaluation Database were reproduced with a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of (sim)1.86 MeV (1.92 MeV). The new mass formula exhibits good performance in the neutron-rich nuclear region. The RMSD decreases to 0.393 MeV when the ratio of the neutron number to the proton number is (ge)1.6.
{"title":"Improved nuclear mass formula with an additional term from the Fermi gas model","authors":"Xiao-Yu Xu, Li Deng, Ai-Xi Chen, Hang Yang, Amir Jalili, Han-Kui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01450-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01450-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nuclear mass is a fundamental property of nuclear physics and a necessary input in nuclear astrophysics. Owing to the complexity of atomic nuclei and nonperturbative strong interactions, conventional physical models cannot completely describe nuclear binding energies. In this study, the mass formula was improved by considering an additional term from the Fermi gas model. All nuclear masses in the Atomic Mass Evaluation Database were reproduced with a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of <span>(sim)</span>1.86 MeV (1.92 MeV). The new mass formula exhibits good performance in the neutron-rich nuclear region. The RMSD decreases to 0.393 MeV when the ratio of the neutron number to the proton number is <span>(ge)</span>1.6.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various electromagnetic signals are excited by the beam in the acceleration and beam-diagnostic elements of a particle accelerator. It is important to obtain time-domain waveforms of these signals with high temporal resolution for research, such as the study of beam–cavity interactions and bunch-by-bunch parameter measurements. Therefore, a signal reconstruction algorithm with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution and bunch phase compensation based on equivalent sampling is proposed in this paper. Compared with traditional equivalent sampling, the use of phase compensation and setting the bunch signal zero-crossing point as the time reference can construct a more accurate reconstructed signal. The basic principles of the method, simulation, and experimental comparison are also introduced. Based on the beam test platform of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and the method of experimental verification, the factors that affect the reconstructed signal quality are analyzed and discussed, including the depth of the sampled data, quantization noise of analog-to-digital converter, beam transverse oscillation, and longitudinal oscillation. The results of the beam experiments show that under the user operation conditions of the SSRF, a beam excitation signal with an amplitude uncertainty of 2% can be reconstructed.
{"title":"Ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution beam signal reconstruction with bunch phase compensation","authors":"You-Ming Deng, Yong-Bin Leng, Xing-Yi Xu, Jian Chen, Yi-Mei Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01444-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01444-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Various electromagnetic signals are excited by the beam in the acceleration and beam-diagnostic elements of a particle accelerator. It is important to obtain time-domain waveforms of these signals with high temporal resolution for research, such as the study of beam–cavity interactions and bunch-by-bunch parameter measurements. Therefore, a signal reconstruction algorithm with ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolution and bunch phase compensation based on equivalent sampling is proposed in this paper. Compared with traditional equivalent sampling, the use of phase compensation and setting the bunch signal zero-crossing point as the time reference can construct a more accurate reconstructed signal. The basic principles of the method, simulation, and experimental comparison are also introduced. Based on the beam test platform of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and the method of experimental verification, the factors that affect the reconstructed signal quality are analyzed and discussed, including the depth of the sampled data, quantization noise of analog-to-digital converter, beam transverse oscillation, and longitudinal oscillation. The results of the beam experiments show that under the user operation conditions of the SSRF, a beam excitation signal with an amplitude uncertainty of 2% can be reconstructed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We proposed and compared three methods (filter burnup, single energy burnup, and burnup extremum analysis) to build a high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux reactors. The filter burnup and single energy burnup methods have no theoretical approximation and can achieve a spectrum resolution of up to ~ 1 eV, thereby constructing the importance curve and yield curve of the full energy range. The burnup extreme analysis method combines the importance and yield curves to consider the influence of irradiation time on production efficiency, thereby constructing extreme curves. The three curves, which quantify the transmutation rate of the nuclei in each energy region, are of physical significance because they have similar distributions. A high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production was established based on these three curves, and its universality and feasibility were proven. The neutronics model can guide the neutron spectrum optimization and improve the yield of 238Pu by up to 18.81%. The neutronics model revealed the law of nuclei transmutation in all energy regions with high spectrum resolution, thus providing theoretical support for high-flux reactor design and irradiation production of 238Pu.
{"title":"High-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux reactors","authors":"Qing-Quan Pan, Qing-Fei Zhao, Lian-Jie Wang, Bang-Yang Xia, Yun Cai, Jin-Biao Xiong, Xiao-Jing Liu","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01461-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01461-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We proposed and compared three methods (filter burnup, single energy burnup, and burnup extremum analysis) to build a high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux reactors. The filter burnup and single energy burnup methods have no theoretical approximation and can achieve a spectrum resolution of up to ~ 1 eV, thereby constructing the importance curve and yield curve of the full energy range. The burnup extreme analysis method combines the importance and yield curves to consider the influence of irradiation time on production efficiency, thereby constructing extreme curves. The three curves, which quantify the transmutation rate of the nuclei in each energy region, are of physical significance because they have similar distributions. A high-resolution neutronics model for <sup>238</sup>Pu production was established based on these three curves, and its universality and feasibility were proven. The neutronics model can guide the neutron spectrum optimization and improve the yield of <sup>238</sup>Pu by up to 18.81%. The neutronics model revealed the law of nuclei transmutation in all energy regions with high spectrum resolution, thus providing theoretical support for high-flux reactor design and irradiation production of <sup>238</sup>Pu.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global variance reduction is a bottleneck in Monte Carlo shielding calculations. The global variance reduction problem requires that the statistical error of the entire space is uniform. This study proposed a grid-AIS method for the global variance reduction problem based on the AIS method, which was implemented in the Monte Carlo program MCShield. The proposed method was validated using the VENUS-III international benchmark problem and a self-shielding calculation example. The results from the VENUS-III benchmark problem showed that the grid-AIS method achieved a significant reduction in the variance of the statistical errors of the MESH grids, decreasing from 1.08 × 10–2 to 3.84 × 10–3, representing a 64.00% reduction. This demonstrates that the grid-AIS method is effective in addressing global issues. The results of the self-shielding calculation demonstrate that the grid-AIS method produced accurate computational results. Moreover, the grid-AIS method exhibited a computational efficiency approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of the AIS method and approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of the conventional Monte Carlo method.
{"title":"Research on a Monte Carlo global variance reduction method based on an automatic importance sampling method","authors":"Yi-Sheng Hao, Zhen Wu, Shen-Shen Gao, Rui Qiu, Hui Zhang, Jun-Li Li","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01404-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01404-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global variance reduction is a bottleneck in Monte Carlo shielding calculations. The global variance reduction problem requires that the statistical error of the entire space is uniform. This study proposed a grid-AIS method for the global variance reduction problem based on the AIS method, which was implemented in the Monte Carlo program MCShield. The proposed method was validated using the VENUS-III international benchmark problem and a self-shielding calculation example. The results from the VENUS-III benchmark problem showed that the grid-AIS method achieved a significant reduction in the variance of the statistical errors of the MESH grids, decreasing from 1.08 × 10<sup>–2</sup> to 3.84 × 10<sup>–3</sup>, representing a 64.00% reduction. This demonstrates that the grid-AIS method is effective in addressing global issues. The results of the self-shielding calculation demonstrate that the grid-AIS method produced accurate computational results. Moreover, the grid-AIS method exhibited a computational efficiency approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of the AIS method and approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of the conventional Monte Carlo method.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"413 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s41365-024-01458-6
Mahmoud Bakr, Kai Masuda, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Tsuyoshi Misawa, Norio Yamakawa, Tomas Scott
Herein, we employ the threshold energy neutron analysis (TENA) technique to introduce the world's first active interrogation system to detect special nuclear materials (SNMs), including U-235 and Pu-239. The system utilizes a DD neutron generator based on inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) to interrogate suspicious objects. To detect secondary neutrons produced during fission reactions induced in SNMs, a tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD) is employed. The current status of the system's development is reported in this paper, accompanied by the results from experiments conducted to detect 10 g of highly enriched uranium (HEU). Notably, the experimental findings demonstrate a distinct difference in the count rates of measurements with and without HEU. This difference in count rates surpasses two times the standard deviation, indicating a confidence level of more than 96% for identifying the presence of HEU. The paper presents and extensively discusses the proof-of-principle experimental results, along with the system's planned trajectory.
{"title":"Nondestructive and active interrogation system for special nuclear material: proof of principle and initial results","authors":"Mahmoud Bakr, Kai Masuda, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Tsuyoshi Misawa, Norio Yamakawa, Tomas Scott","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01458-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01458-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, we employ the threshold energy neutron analysis (TENA) technique to introduce the world's first active interrogation system to detect special nuclear materials (SNMs), including U-235 and Pu-239. The system utilizes a DD neutron generator based on inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) to interrogate suspicious objects. To detect secondary neutrons produced during fission reactions induced in SNMs, a tensioned metastable fluid detector (TMFD) is employed. The current status of the system's development is reported in this paper, accompanied by the results from experiments conducted to detect 10 g of highly enriched uranium (HEU). Notably, the experimental findings demonstrate a distinct difference in the count rates of measurements with and without HEU. This difference in count rates surpasses two times the standard deviation, indicating a confidence level of more than 96% for identifying the presence of HEU. The paper presents and extensively discusses the proof-of-principle experimental results, along with the system's planned trajectory.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s41365-024-01427-z
Yang Jiao, Li-Hua Mo, Jin-Hu Yang, Yu-Zhu Liu, Ya-Nan Yin, Liang Wang, Qi-Yu Chen, Xiao-Yu Yan, Shi-Wei Zhao, Bo Li, You-Mei Sun, Pei-Xiong Zhao, Jie Liu
The 28 nm process has a high cost-performance ratio and has gradually become the standard for the field of radiation-hardened devices. However, owing to the minimum physical gate length of only 35 nm, the physical area of a standard 6T SRAM unit is approximately (0.16,upmu hbox{m}^{2}), resulting in a significant enhancement of multi-cell charge-sharing effects. Multiple-cell upsets (MCUs) have become the primary physical mechanism behind single-event upsets (SEUs) in advanced nanometer node devices. The range of ionization track effects increases with higher ion energies, and spacecraft in orbit primarily experience SEUs caused by high-energy ions. However, ground accelerator experiments have mainly obtained low-energy ion irradiation data. Therefore, the impact of ion energy on the SEU cross section, charge collection mechanisms, and MCU patterns and quantities in advanced nanometer devices remains unclear. In this study, based on the experimental platform of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, low- and high-energy heavy-ion beams were used to study the SEUs of 28 nm SRAM devices. The influence of ion energy on the charge collection processes of small-sensitive-volume devices, MCU patterns, and upset cross sections was obtained, and the applicable range of the inverse cosine law was clarified. The findings of this study are an important guide for the accurate evaluation of SEUs in advanced nanometer devices and for the development of radiation-hardening techniques.
28 纳米工艺具有很高的性价比,已逐渐成为辐射加固器件领域的标准。然而,由于最小物理栅极长度仅为 35 纳米,标准 6T SRAM 单元的物理面积约为(0.16,upmu hbox{m}^{2}),导致多单元电荷共享效应显著增强。在先进的纳米节点器件中,多电池突变(MCU)已成为单事件突变(SEU)背后的主要物理机制。电离轨道效应的范围随着离子能量的增加而增大,轨道上的航天器主要经历由高能离子引起的 SEU。然而,地面加速器实验主要获得的是低能离子辐照数据。因此,离子能量对先进纳米器件中的 SEU 截面、电荷收集机制以及 MCU 模式和数量的影响仍不清楚。本研究基于兰州重离子研究装置的实验平台,利用低能和高能重离子束研究了 28 纳米 SRAM 器件的 SEU。获得了离子能量对小敏感体积器件电荷收集过程、MCU模式和失调截面的影响,明确了反余弦定律的适用范围。该研究结果对准确评估先进纳米器件中的 SEUs 以及开发辐射硬化技术具有重要指导意义。
{"title":"Heavy ion energy influence on multiple-cell upsets in small sensitive volumes: from standard to high energies","authors":"Yang Jiao, Li-Hua Mo, Jin-Hu Yang, Yu-Zhu Liu, Ya-Nan Yin, Liang Wang, Qi-Yu Chen, Xiao-Yu Yan, Shi-Wei Zhao, Bo Li, You-Mei Sun, Pei-Xiong Zhao, Jie Liu","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01427-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01427-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 28 nm process has a high cost-performance ratio and has gradually become the standard for the field of radiation-hardened devices. However, owing to the minimum physical gate length of only 35 nm, the physical area of a standard 6T SRAM unit is approximately <span>(0.16,upmu hbox{m}^{2})</span>, resulting in a significant enhancement of multi-cell charge-sharing effects. Multiple-cell upsets (MCUs) have become the primary physical mechanism behind single-event upsets (SEUs) in advanced nanometer node devices. The range of ionization track effects increases with higher ion energies, and spacecraft in orbit primarily experience SEUs caused by high-energy ions. However, ground accelerator experiments have mainly obtained low-energy ion irradiation data. Therefore, the impact of ion energy on the SEU cross section, charge collection mechanisms, and MCU patterns and quantities in advanced nanometer devices remains unclear. In this study, based on the experimental platform of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, low- and high-energy heavy-ion beams were used to study the SEUs of 28 nm SRAM devices. The influence of ion energy on the charge collection processes of small-sensitive-volume devices, MCU patterns, and upset cross sections was obtained, and the applicable range of the inverse cosine law was clarified. The findings of this study are an important guide for the accurate evaluation of SEUs in advanced nanometer devices and for the development of radiation-hardening techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1007/s41365-024-01440-2
Xin-Xin Feng, Cheng Li, Xuan-Zhi Mao, Wan-Ning Ren, Yang Gao, Yu-Long He, Zhe Xing, Rong Li, Guo-Zhong Wu
In this study, to efficiently remove Pb(II) from aqueous environments, a novel L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric sorbent (NWF-serine) was fabricated through the radiation grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent L-serine modification. The effect of the absorbed dose was investigated in the range of 5–50 kGy. NWF-serine was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Batch adsorption tests were conducted to investigate the influences of pH, adsorption time, temperature, initial concentration, and sorbent dosage on the Pb(II) adsorption performance of NWF-serine. The results indicated that Pb(II) adsorption onto NWF-serine was an endothermic process, following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The saturated adsorption capacity was 198.1 mg/g. NWF-serine exhibited Pb(II) removal rates of 99.8% for aqueous solutions with initial concentrations of 100 mg/L and 82.1% for landfill leachate containing competitive metal ions such as Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn. Furthermore, NWF-serine maintained 86% of its Pb(II) uptake after five use cycles. The coordination of the carboxyl and amino groups with Pb(II) was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.
{"title":"Efficient and selective removal of Pb(II) from landfill leachate using L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric synthesized via radiation grafting technique","authors":"Xin-Xin Feng, Cheng Li, Xuan-Zhi Mao, Wan-Ning Ren, Yang Gao, Yu-Long He, Zhe Xing, Rong Li, Guo-Zhong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s41365-024-01440-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01440-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, to efficiently remove Pb(II) from aqueous environments, a novel L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric sorbent (NWF-serine) was fabricated through the radiation grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent L-serine modification. The effect of the absorbed dose was investigated in the range of 5–50 kGy. NWF-serine was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Batch adsorption tests were conducted to investigate the influences of pH, adsorption time, temperature, initial concentration, and sorbent dosage on the Pb(II) adsorption performance of NWF-serine. The results indicated that Pb(II) adsorption onto NWF-serine was an endothermic process, following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The saturated adsorption capacity was 198.1 mg/g. NWF-serine exhibited Pb(II) removal rates of 99.8% for aqueous solutions with initial concentrations of 100 mg/L and 82.1% for landfill leachate containing competitive metal ions such as Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Zn. Furthermore, NWF-serine maintained 86% of its Pb(II) uptake after five use cycles. The coordination of the carboxyl and amino groups with Pb(II) was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19177,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Science and Techniques","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}