Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2014.947669
N. Martin
Onion thrips flights in winter and early spring 1999 were monitored in South Auckland using sticky traps and trap plants. A pair of yellow sticky traps and 10 ‘thrips-free’ onion pot plants per site were changed every 2 weeks. Thrips were detected on traps and plants in June, September and October. Sticky traps were the most reliable method for detecting thrips flights. Wild plants were inspected four times and revealed that thrips bred all winter. There was no diapause. Seedlings that had sprouted in mid July had second instar larvae by 4 October 1999. The nearest source was self-set plants in an adjacent field. Three published temperature models for onion thrips development were compared. Generation times were similar in summer, but very different in winter. The Texas model with minimum developmental threshold of 11.5 °C had the longest winter generation time and required a thrips flight by early August for second instar larvae to develop in the crop by 4 October, whereas the South Auckland model (threshold 8.7 °C) required flights by early September. Thrips flights were detected by traps in September but not August 1999. For cosmopolitan pests that are very variable genetically, it is important to generate local biological data. The biosecurity implications of this variability are discussed.
{"title":"Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), overwintering in South Auckland, New Zealand: the importance of the local bionomic data/temperature model and biosecurity implications","authors":"N. Martin","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2014.947669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2014.947669","url":null,"abstract":"Onion thrips flights in winter and early spring 1999 were monitored in South Auckland using sticky traps and trap plants. A pair of yellow sticky traps and 10 ‘thrips-free’ onion pot plants per site were changed every 2 weeks. Thrips were detected on traps and plants in June, September and October. Sticky traps were the most reliable method for detecting thrips flights. Wild plants were inspected four times and revealed that thrips bred all winter. There was no diapause. Seedlings that had sprouted in mid July had second instar larvae by 4 October 1999. The nearest source was self-set plants in an adjacent field. Three published temperature models for onion thrips development were compared. Generation times were similar in summer, but very different in winter. The Texas model with minimum developmental threshold of 11.5 °C had the longest winter generation time and required a thrips flight by early August for second instar larvae to develop in the crop by 4 October, whereas the South Auckland model (threshold 8.7 °C) required flights by early September. Thrips flights were detected by traps in September but not August 1999. For cosmopolitan pests that are very variable genetically, it is important to generate local biological data. The biosecurity implications of this variability are discussed.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"38 1","pages":"17 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2014.947669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2014.884533
V. R. Smith, C. Vink, A. Paterson
Studying live spiders often involves non-lethally immobilising them. The use of CO2 and refrigeration were investigated, both alone and combined, as methods for immobilising redback spiders (Latrodectus hasseltii). Specimens of L. hasseltii were exposed separately to CO2 and cold temperatures (4.2°C) for time intervals ranging from 5 to 12 s and 4 to 45 min, respectively. Subsequent behaviour exhibited by the spiders was described as either positive or negative: if handling and removal from the container were possible without risking escape or injury this was described as a positive reaction. Conversely, if the spider was too active to be handled the reaction was counted as negative. Two minute CO2 exposure had a significant positive effect on spider response; refrigeration and combining the two treatments did not produce significant effects. Carbon dioxide was the most successful method of immobilising spiders; however, we caution using it for endangered species until further research has been conducted into long-term effects.
{"title":"Carbon dioxide versus cold exposure for immobilising live redback spiders Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell, 1870 (Araneae: Theridiidae)","authors":"V. R. Smith, C. Vink, A. Paterson","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2014.884533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2014.884533","url":null,"abstract":"Studying live spiders often involves non-lethally immobilising them. The use of CO2 and refrigeration were investigated, both alone and combined, as methods for immobilising redback spiders (Latrodectus hasseltii). Specimens of L. hasseltii were exposed separately to CO2 and cold temperatures (4.2°C) for time intervals ranging from 5 to 12 s and 4 to 45 min, respectively. Subsequent behaviour exhibited by the spiders was described as either positive or negative: if handling and removal from the container were possible without risking escape or injury this was described as a positive reaction. Conversely, if the spider was too active to be handled the reaction was counted as negative. Two minute CO2 exposure had a significant positive effect on spider response; refrigeration and combining the two treatments did not produce significant effects. Carbon dioxide was the most successful method of immobilising spiders; however, we caution using it for endangered species until further research has been conducted into long-term effects.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"38 1","pages":"10 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2014.884533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58900079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2014.903823
A. Heath
John Tenquist died three days before his 53rd wedding anniversary after a short illness brought on by aggressive tumours on his liver. John had not been completely well following an earlier operation, which may have been a consequence of the numerous squamous cell carcinomas he had endured over most of his time living in New Zealand. It was most unfortunate too that John’s quality of life declined sharply in the six months leading up to his death. John was born in London on 5 May 1934, and spent some time in Egypt and Malta as a small child during the Second World War, as his father was moved around in his reservist naval officer role. John and his mother eventually moved back to London and then onto Ireland to avoid the bombing. After the war, John and his mother returned to England and, by the time he was 11 years old, John had been to nine schools. At his last school he gained some farming experience, and after he left school he had a variety of farming-related jobs, which led him, at age 17, to apply for (and get) a job taking charge of livestock being shipped to New Zealand. Later, John took a position on a farm in Feilding, New Zealand, where he stayed for two years. In 1954 he obtained a Diploma in Agriculture from Massey University (then Massey Agricultural College) while acting as a herd tester around Pahiatua. John moved
{"title":"John Douglas Tenquist MNZM 5 May 1934–8 February 2014","authors":"A. Heath","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2014.903823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2014.903823","url":null,"abstract":"John Tenquist died three days before his 53rd wedding anniversary after a short illness brought on by aggressive tumours on his liver. John had not been completely well following an earlier operation, which may have been a consequence of the numerous squamous cell carcinomas he had endured over most of his time living in New Zealand. It was most unfortunate too that John’s quality of life declined sharply in the six months leading up to his death. John was born in London on 5 May 1934, and spent some time in Egypt and Malta as a small child during the Second World War, as his father was moved around in his reservist naval officer role. John and his mother eventually moved back to London and then onto Ireland to avoid the bombing. After the war, John and his mother returned to England and, by the time he was 11 years old, John had been to nine schools. At his last school he gained some farming experience, and after he left school he had a variety of farming-related jobs, which led him, at age 17, to apply for (and get) a job taking charge of livestock being shipped to New Zealand. Later, John took a position on a farm in Feilding, New Zealand, where he stayed for two years. In 1954 he obtained a Diploma in Agriculture from Massey University (then Massey Agricultural College) while acting as a herd tester around Pahiatua. John moved","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"38 1","pages":"74 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2014.903823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2014.920970
J. Townsend
A recently discovered unique male specimen has led to Duvaliomimus (Duvaliomimus brittoni Jeannel, 1938 being synonymised with Duvaliomimus (Duvaliomimus) walkeri (Broun, 1903), new synonymy.
{"title":"New synonymy in New Zealand Trechini (Coleoptera: Carabidae)","authors":"J. Townsend","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2014.920970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2014.920970","url":null,"abstract":"A recently discovered unique male specimen has led to Duvaliomimus (Duvaliomimus brittoni Jeannel, 1938 being synonymised with Duvaliomimus (Duvaliomimus) walkeri (Broun, 1903), new synonymy.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"38 1","pages":"36 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2014.920970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2014.936105
D. Seldon
Mecodema chaiup sp. nov. (Carabidae: Broscini) is described from a single male specimen collected from Mohi Bush Scenic Reserve, Maraetotara Plateau, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. The species is unique among Mecodema in that its elytra are narrower than the pronotum at the widest point. Based on body size and elytral configuration this species could represent the first member of the ‘costellum species group’ found in the North Island. Alternatively, aedeagal and head configuration support a close phylogenetic relationship with the widespread M. oconnori. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ACFCBAC9-9013-4F1B-9FCE-09F2CE79DC70
在新西兰Hawke's Bay Maraetotara高原的Mohi Bush风景区，描述了一种单雄的Mecodema chaiup sp. 11 .(甲足科:Broscini)。这个物种是独特的，在足水肿中，它的鞘翅在最宽的地方比前角窄。根据体型和鞘翅结构，这个物种可能是北岛发现的“肋骨物种群”的第一个成员。另外，叶面和头部的结构支持了与广泛分布的稻稻的密切的系统发育关系。http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ACFCBAC9-9013-4F1B-9FCE-09F2CE79DC70
{"title":"A unique species of Mecodema (Carabidae: Broscini) from the Hawke's Bay region, New Zealand, with implications for North–South Island zoogeography","authors":"D. Seldon","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2014.936105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2014.936105","url":null,"abstract":"Mecodema chaiup sp. nov. (Carabidae: Broscini) is described from a single male specimen collected from Mohi Bush Scenic Reserve, Maraetotara Plateau, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. The species is unique among Mecodema in that its elytra are narrower than the pronotum at the widest point. Based on body size and elytral configuration this species could represent the first member of the ‘costellum species group’ found in the North Island. Alternatively, aedeagal and head configuration support a close phylogenetic relationship with the widespread M. oconnori. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ACFCBAC9-9013-4F1B-9FCE-09F2CE79DC70","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"38 1","pages":"28 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2014.936105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2014.924467
R. Galbreath, P. Cameron
Although the introduction of the ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata L. in 1874 has been widely quoted as the first introduction of an insect to New Zealand for biocontrol purposes, analysis of published and unpublished historical sources reveals no evidence that such an introduction was ever made or attempted. Instead, there is clear evidence that the presently accepted record of its introduction was created by a process of cumulative misreporting by successive authors. There is no justification for continuing to quote the record of an introduction of C. undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874.
{"title":"The introduction of the eleven-spotted ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to New Zealand in 1874: a spurious record created by cumulative misreporting","authors":"R. Galbreath, P. Cameron","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2014.924467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2014.924467","url":null,"abstract":"Although the introduction of the ladybird Coccinella undecimpunctata L. in 1874 has been widely quoted as the first introduction of an insect to New Zealand for biocontrol purposes, analysis of published and unpublished historical sources reveals no evidence that such an introduction was ever made or attempted. Instead, there is clear evidence that the presently accepted record of its introduction was created by a process of cumulative misreporting by successive authors. There is no justification for continuing to quote the record of an introduction of C. undecimpunctata to New Zealand in 1874.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"38 1","pages":"7 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2014.924467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2014.985418
D. Ward
The Anomaloninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from New Zealand are examined and new taxa are described: Pseudospolas gen. nov., Pseudospolas dugdalei sp. nov. and Habronyx minutus sp. nov. Aphanistes kayi is transferred to the genus Habronyx forming Habronyx kayi (Gauld), comb. nov. Although widespread, all species are uncommonly collected. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A79156BE-D27D-49E3-AD4E-2D25EAC53A64
{"title":"Review of the Anomaloninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from New Zealand with a description of a new genus and two new species","authors":"D. Ward","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2014.985418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2014.985418","url":null,"abstract":"The Anomaloninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from New Zealand are examined and new taxa are described: Pseudospolas gen. nov., Pseudospolas dugdalei sp. nov. and Habronyx minutus sp. nov. Aphanistes kayi is transferred to the genus Habronyx forming Habronyx kayi (Gauld), comb. nov. Although widespread, all species are uncommonly collected. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A79156BE-D27D-49E3-AD4E-2D25EAC53A64","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"38 1","pages":"58 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2014.985418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2013.823677
A. Twidle, G. K. Clare, M. Stanbury, A. El-Sayed
The first sex attractant for the genus Izatha is reported as (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate in I. peroneanella. A trapping trial for tortricid moths in New Zealand forests resulted in the serendipitous capture of 310 male lichen tuft moths, I. peroneanella, to this compound which is presumed to be part of the sex pheromone. The inhibitory response from the addition of saturated tetradecyl acetate suggests that this compound may play a role in the reproductive isolation of I. peroneanella from related species.
{"title":"Sex attractant for Izatha peroneanella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae sensu lato), a lichen tuft moth","authors":"A. Twidle, G. K. Clare, M. Stanbury, A. El-Sayed","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2013.823677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2013.823677","url":null,"abstract":"The first sex attractant for the genus Izatha is reported as (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate in I. peroneanella. A trapping trial for tortricid moths in New Zealand forests resulted in the serendipitous capture of 310 male lichen tuft moths, I. peroneanella, to this compound which is presumed to be part of the sex pheromone. The inhibitory response from the addition of saturated tetradecyl acetate suggests that this compound may play a role in the reproductive isolation of I. peroneanella from related species.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"37 1","pages":"93 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2013.823677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2013.795644
C. Wearing, J. A. de Boer
A population of San José scale (Diaspidiotus perniciosus) on an unsprayed ‘Red Delicious’ apple tree (Malus×domestica) was sampled fortnightly from September 1969 to September 1970 at Nelson, New Zealand. With the exception of crawlers and live scale insects containing young endoparasitoids, all live, dead and parasitised stages of San José scale were counted on samples of bark of known surface area from the trunk, leaders, main branches, twigs, fruit spurs and new shoots. Samples were randomly taken from strata below, within and above five identified scale insect infestations. The scale insect stages on the leaves and fruit of the sampled twigs, fruit spurs, and shoots were also counted. At harvest, the total number of scale insects on each fruit in each stratum was recorded. Annual and generational mortalities were calculated for each stage from the percentage of dead scale insects, and compared with the net losses between stages. Annual stage mortalities increased with each instar (first – 28%, second – 48%, adult female – 59%), except for males (34%), and were less than calculated net annual losses (first – 30%, second – 57%). Population density increased with each generation, resulting in a 3-fold and 8-fold annual growth of female and male population densities respectively. Parasitism primarily affected second instar and adult female stages and was mainly inverse density dependent. It varied greatly between samples (0–100%) and was only a small component of the overall mortality in each generation (mean parasitism range, 5% to 14%) despite the known presence of Encarsia perniciosi, E. citrina, Aphytis mytilaspidis and A. diaspidis. San José scale infested 76% of the harvested fruit, demonstrating the current need for chemical intervention to assist biological control and the need to find new ways to improve its role.
{"title":"Mortality of San José scale (Diaspidiotus perniciosus Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on an apple tree","authors":"C. Wearing, J. A. de Boer","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2013.795644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2013.795644","url":null,"abstract":"A population of San José scale (Diaspidiotus perniciosus) on an unsprayed ‘Red Delicious’ apple tree (Malus×domestica) was sampled fortnightly from September 1969 to September 1970 at Nelson, New Zealand. With the exception of crawlers and live scale insects containing young endoparasitoids, all live, dead and parasitised stages of San José scale were counted on samples of bark of known surface area from the trunk, leaders, main branches, twigs, fruit spurs and new shoots. Samples were randomly taken from strata below, within and above five identified scale insect infestations. The scale insect stages on the leaves and fruit of the sampled twigs, fruit spurs, and shoots were also counted. At harvest, the total number of scale insects on each fruit in each stratum was recorded. Annual and generational mortalities were calculated for each stage from the percentage of dead scale insects, and compared with the net losses between stages. Annual stage mortalities increased with each instar (first – 28%, second – 48%, adult female – 59%), except for males (34%), and were less than calculated net annual losses (first – 30%, second – 57%). Population density increased with each generation, resulting in a 3-fold and 8-fold annual growth of female and male population densities respectively. Parasitism primarily affected second instar and adult female stages and was mainly inverse density dependent. It varied greatly between samples (0–100%) and was only a small component of the overall mortality in each generation (mean parasitism range, 5% to 14%) despite the known presence of Encarsia perniciosi, E. citrina, Aphytis mytilaspidis and A. diaspidis. San José scale infested 76% of the harvested fruit, demonstrating the current need for chemical intervention to assist biological control and the need to find new ways to improve its role.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"37 1","pages":"107 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2013.795644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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