Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2016.1260420
T. Hawes
ABSTRACT Colour changing is a well-known phenomenon exhibited by a number of terrestrial arthropods. Non-random ‘morphing’ of the visible phenotype has generally been associated with changes in response to the environment. This article describes a previously unrecognised class of colour change which occurs as a result of endogenous rather than exogenous changes: specifically, moulting. The tomocerid springtail Lepidophorella australis dramatically changes its colour phenotype from silver-grey to yellow and back again during its moult cycle. These colour changes are caused by alternations between structural colouration (conferred by its ‘clothing’ of scales) and cuticular pigmentation during ecdysis (scale loss) and post-ecdysis (scale regeneration). Although the rate and frequency of change is affected by external factors related to development (e.g. temperature), it is a fixed component of life history. The extent of the difference between colour phenotypes means that they produce distinctly different visual (and presumably, therefore, ecological) signals. It is hypothesised that bright yellow subscale pigmentation may operate as a signal of aposematism when L australis are vulnerable to predation as a result of reduced activity and absent cuticular scales.
{"title":"The unusually colourful ‘clothing’ changes of Lepidophorella australis Carpenter, 1925 (Collembola: Tomoceridae)","authors":"T. Hawes","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2016.1260420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2016.1260420","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Colour changing is a well-known phenomenon exhibited by a number of terrestrial arthropods. Non-random ‘morphing’ of the visible phenotype has generally been associated with changes in response to the environment. This article describes a previously unrecognised class of colour change which occurs as a result of endogenous rather than exogenous changes: specifically, moulting. The tomocerid springtail Lepidophorella australis dramatically changes its colour phenotype from silver-grey to yellow and back again during its moult cycle. These colour changes are caused by alternations between structural colouration (conferred by its ‘clothing’ of scales) and cuticular pigmentation during ecdysis (scale loss) and post-ecdysis (scale regeneration). Although the rate and frequency of change is affected by external factors related to development (e.g. temperature), it is a fixed component of life history. The extent of the difference between colour phenotypes means that they produce distinctly different visual (and presumably, therefore, ecological) signals. It is hypothesised that bright yellow subscale pigmentation may operate as a signal of aposematism when L australis are vulnerable to predation as a result of reduced activity and absent cuticular scales.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"22 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2016.1260420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42974291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2016.1268036
T. Swan, M. L. Galatowitsch
ABSTRACT An illustrated key is provided for the identification of third and fourth instar larvae of the nine mosquito species known to occur in the Tongatapu island group, Kingdom of Tonga. This includes five Aedes species: Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1895), Ae. horrescens Edwards, 1935, Ae. tongae Edwards, 1926, and Ae. vexans nocturnus (Theobald, 1903) and four Culex species: Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Cx. annulirostris Skuse, 1889, Cx. albinervis Edwards, 1929, and Cx. sitiens Wiedemann, 1828. The key includes illustrations of diagnostic features of both the third and fourth instar larvae (siphon, tufts, saddle, comb scales and anal gills). This will help workers correctly identify mosquito larvae in the Tongatapu island group, of which several species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. annulirostris) are medically important vectors of disease.
{"title":"Identification key to the mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae of the Tongatapu Island group, Kingdom of Tonga","authors":"T. Swan, M. L. Galatowitsch","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2016.1268036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2016.1268036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An illustrated key is provided for the identification of third and fourth instar larvae of the nine mosquito species known to occur in the Tongatapu island group, Kingdom of Tonga. This includes five Aedes species: Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1895), Ae. horrescens Edwards, 1935, Ae. tongae Edwards, 1926, and Ae. vexans nocturnus (Theobald, 1903) and four Culex species: Cx. quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Cx. annulirostris Skuse, 1889, Cx. albinervis Edwards, 1929, and Cx. sitiens Wiedemann, 1828. The key includes illustrations of diagnostic features of both the third and fourth instar larvae (siphon, tufts, saddle, comb scales and anal gills). This will help workers correctly identify mosquito larvae in the Tongatapu island group, of which several species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. annulirostris) are medically important vectors of disease.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"30 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2016.1268036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42594887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2017.1307163
S. Makita, R. Leschen
ABSTRACT The endemic New Zealand beetle genus Tarphiomimus Wollaston is revised with two new species described. A total of five species are included in the genus: Tarphiomimus indentatus Wollaston, 1873; T. wollastoni Sharp, 1882; T. triregius sp. nov.; T. miyakadoi sp. nov.; and Tarphiomimus undosus (Broun) comb. nov. which is transferred from the genus Pristoderus Hope. A single specimen from the Chatham Islands is very similar to T. triregius, but further study and material is needed to evaluate its species status. All Tarphiomimus are described and illustrated and a key to species is provided. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:842D49C4-C75E-458E-9897-C3045ABC9C80
{"title":"Review of Tarphiomimus species of New Zealand (Coleoptera: Zopheridae)","authors":"S. Makita, R. Leschen","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2017.1307163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2017.1307163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The endemic New Zealand beetle genus Tarphiomimus Wollaston is revised with two new species described. A total of five species are included in the genus: Tarphiomimus indentatus Wollaston, 1873; T. wollastoni Sharp, 1882; T. triregius sp. nov.; T. miyakadoi sp. nov.; and Tarphiomimus undosus (Broun) comb. nov. which is transferred from the genus Pristoderus Hope. A single specimen from the Chatham Islands is very similar to T. triregius, but further study and material is needed to evaluate its species status. All Tarphiomimus are described and illustrated and a key to species is provided. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:842D49C4-C75E-458E-9897-C3045ABC9C80","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"44 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2017.1307163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49110692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2017.1307097
S. Hodge, D. Ward, C. Merfield, W. Liu, D. Gunawardana
ABSTRACT Although Drosophilidae and associated hymenopterous parasitoids have been the subject of much field and laboratory ecology in many parts of the world, the system has been relatively neglected in New Zealand. This study investigated the seasonality of Drosophila, Scaptodrosophila and associated hymenopterous parasitoids in Canterbury by using traps baited with banana, orange, mushrooms, other fruits and vegetables and vinegar at two locations, New Brighton and Lincoln. From 176 sampling events, seven species of drosophilid were collected: Drosophila busckii; D. funebris; D. hydei; D. immigrans; D. pseudoobscura; D. simulans; and Scaptodrosophila enigma. Seven species of adult parasitoid wasps were also recorded in the traps: the braconids Dinotrema longworthi, Aphaereta aotea, Asobara tabida, Aspilota andyaustini; the ichneumonid Campoplex sp.; and two encyrtids, including Tachinaephagus zealandicus. The more abundant drosophilid species were found throughout the year, with fewer species occurring in the winter months (June–August). Parasitoids tended to be found more often in the warmer months, with only one specimen (of Aspilota andyaustini) collected between June and October. All seven species of drosophilids were obtained from traps with banana and mushroom baits. Mushroom proved valuable for obtaining parasitoids, with five species being recorded on this bait. Although the wasps were all captured along with adult Drosophila, it is believed only one species, Asobara tabida, is a confirmed drosophilid parasitoid. Further field study, on a wider geographic scale, in natural and modified habitats, is required to provide additional information on the phenology, biogeography and parasitoid–host interactions of drosophilids in New Zealand.
{"title":"Seasonal patterns of drosophilid flies and parasitoid wasps attracted to rotting fruit and vegetable baits in Canterbury, New Zealand","authors":"S. Hodge, D. Ward, C. Merfield, W. Liu, D. Gunawardana","doi":"10.1080/13235818.2017.1307097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2017.1307097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although Drosophilidae and associated hymenopterous parasitoids have been the subject of much field and laboratory ecology in many parts of the world, the system has been relatively neglected in New Zealand. This study investigated the seasonality of Drosophila, Scaptodrosophila and associated hymenopterous parasitoids in Canterbury by using traps baited with banana, orange, mushrooms, other fruits and vegetables and vinegar at two locations, New Brighton and Lincoln. From 176 sampling events, seven species of drosophilid were collected: Drosophila busckii; D. funebris; D. hydei; D. immigrans; D. pseudoobscura; D. simulans; and Scaptodrosophila enigma. Seven species of adult parasitoid wasps were also recorded in the traps: the braconids Dinotrema longworthi, Aphaereta aotea, Asobara tabida, Aspilota andyaustini; the ichneumonid Campoplex sp.; and two encyrtids, including Tachinaephagus zealandicus. The more abundant drosophilid species were found throughout the year, with fewer species occurring in the winter months (June–August). Parasitoids tended to be found more often in the warmer months, with only one specimen (of Aspilota andyaustini) collected between June and October. All seven species of drosophilids were obtained from traps with banana and mushroom baits. Mushroom proved valuable for obtaining parasitoids, with five species being recorded on this bait. Although the wasps were all captured along with adult Drosophila, it is believed only one species, Asobara tabida, is a confirmed drosophilid parasitoid. Further field study, on a wider geographic scale, in natural and modified habitats, is required to provide additional information on the phenology, biogeography and parasitoid–host interactions of drosophilids in New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"15 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13235818.2017.1307097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45289213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2017.1306901
P. W. Shaw, J. G. Charles, D. Wallis, V. Davis
ABSTRACT The majority (65%–94%) of mealybugs collected from harvested apples in Nelson, New Zealand, orchards between 2008 and 2011 were Pseudococcus longispinus. The remainder (35%–6%) were P. calceolariae, although a few P. viburni were occasionally found. Traps baited with newly developed synthetic pheromone of P. calceolariae were deployed in orchards in 2011 and attracted females of the mealybug parasitoid Alamella mira. The mealybug parasitoid complex in Nelson apple orchards was assessed over an 8-week period in autumn during 2012 and 2013 by deploying sentinel mealybugs on sprouting potatoes. Potatoes were infested with P. longispinus (in 2012 and 2013) and P. calceolariae (2012 only). They were deployed in orchards to capture parasitoids that were active during the trapping period. The sentinel mealybug-infested potatoes were placed in delta traps in the orchards for about 2 weeks and then retrieved and held in a laboratory in Auckland for 4–6 weeks. Parasitoid mummies were collected and emerging adults identified to species. In 2012, four species (Tetracnemoidea peregrina, T. brevicornis, Coccophagus gurneyi and Ophelosia charlesi) were recovered from three orchards near Motueka. In 2013, three species (T. peregrina, C. gurneyi and Gyranusoidea advena) were recovered. Monitoring methods appeared to influence the complex of parasitoids recovered. A combination of monitoring methods, including possible kairomonal responses of mealybug parasitoids to host pheromones and rearing parasitoids from fruit and foliage naturally infested with mealybugs, may provide the best assessment of mealybug parasitoid diversity and abundance in orchards.
{"title":"Recent records of mealybugs and their parasitoids in Nelson pipfruit orchards","authors":"P. W. Shaw, J. G. Charles, D. Wallis, V. Davis","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2017.1306901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2017.1306901","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The majority (65%–94%) of mealybugs collected from harvested apples in Nelson, New Zealand, orchards between 2008 and 2011 were Pseudococcus longispinus. The remainder (35%–6%) were P. calceolariae, although a few P. viburni were occasionally found. Traps baited with newly developed synthetic pheromone of P. calceolariae were deployed in orchards in 2011 and attracted females of the mealybug parasitoid Alamella mira. The mealybug parasitoid complex in Nelson apple orchards was assessed over an 8-week period in autumn during 2012 and 2013 by deploying sentinel mealybugs on sprouting potatoes. Potatoes were infested with P. longispinus (in 2012 and 2013) and P. calceolariae (2012 only). They were deployed in orchards to capture parasitoids that were active during the trapping period. The sentinel mealybug-infested potatoes were placed in delta traps in the orchards for about 2 weeks and then retrieved and held in a laboratory in Auckland for 4–6 weeks. Parasitoid mummies were collected and emerging adults identified to species. In 2012, four species (Tetracnemoidea peregrina, T. brevicornis, Coccophagus gurneyi and Ophelosia charlesi) were recovered from three orchards near Motueka. In 2013, three species (T. peregrina, C. gurneyi and Gyranusoidea advena) were recovered. Monitoring methods appeared to influence the complex of parasitoids recovered. A combination of monitoring methods, including possible kairomonal responses of mealybug parasitoids to host pheromones and rearing parasitoids from fruit and foliage naturally infested with mealybugs, may provide the best assessment of mealybug parasitoid diversity and abundance in orchards.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2017.1306901","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43887224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2017.1307164
C. M. Romo, J. Early, X. Massart
ABSTRACT The polyphagous ectoparasitoid, Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), introduced to New Zealand as a biological control agent of Hylastes ater (Paykull) during the 1970s, has recently been collected from a forest park in Canterbury. Researchers previously thought that the species had failed to establish at release sites around the North Island. Monitoring of the species was ceased in 1985 and research into its potential to control bark beetle populations was abandoned. Mystery surrounds whether the discovered population is part of the original introduction or may have arrived to New Zealand on its own.
{"title":"‘Unestablished’ biological control agent found in Canterbury 40 years later","authors":"C. M. Romo, J. Early, X. Massart","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2017.1307164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2017.1307164","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The polyphagous ectoparasitoid, Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), introduced to New Zealand as a biological control agent of Hylastes ater (Paykull) during the 1970s, has recently been collected from a forest park in Canterbury. Researchers previously thought that the species had failed to establish at release sites around the North Island. Monitoring of the species was ceased in 1985 and research into its potential to control bark beetle populations was abandoned. Mystery surrounds whether the discovered population is part of the original introduction or may have arrived to New Zealand on its own.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"40 1","pages":"16 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2017.1307164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44080166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2016.1215034
S. Hodge, J. Early
ABSTRACT A number of species of Hymenoptera are associated with marine strandlines or wrack, where they are generally parasitoids of dipteran larvae and/or pupae. However, few records appear to exist of Hymenoptera associated with strandlines in New Zealand. We recorded the adult Hymenoptera obtained in 30 minute hand searches in strandlines at 36 sites at Christchurch and Banks Peninsula over the course of 3 years. Twenty-five species were recorded, consisting of four species of ants, one sawfly, one bee and 19 parasitoid wasps. The most commonly encountered species, in terms of both numbers collected and sites recorded, was Kleidotoma subantarcticana (Figitidae: Eucoilinae). Trichomalopsis sp. (Pteromalidae), two species of Spilomicrus (Diapriidae) and Trichopria sp. (Diapriidae) were also relatively widespread. There were no statistical differences in the number of Hymenoptera species recorded on sandy, shingle or boulder beaches on Banks Peninsula. Adult wasps were collected in all calendar months, although there was a decrease in occurrence in autumn and early winter. Hand searching proved a valuable method to obtain adult specimens of wasps for information on biogeography and seasonality. However, the rearing of wasps from different species of dipteran larvae or pupae is required to provide details of host species usage and attribute specific ecological functions of parasitoids within the strandline habitat.
{"title":"Hymenoptera associated with marine strandlines at Christchurch and Banks Peninsula","authors":"S. Hodge, J. Early","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2016.1215034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2016.1215034","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A number of species of Hymenoptera are associated with marine strandlines or wrack, where they are generally parasitoids of dipteran larvae and/or pupae. However, few records appear to exist of Hymenoptera associated with strandlines in New Zealand. We recorded the adult Hymenoptera obtained in 30 minute hand searches in strandlines at 36 sites at Christchurch and Banks Peninsula over the course of 3 years. Twenty-five species were recorded, consisting of four species of ants, one sawfly, one bee and 19 parasitoid wasps. The most commonly encountered species, in terms of both numbers collected and sites recorded, was Kleidotoma subantarcticana (Figitidae: Eucoilinae). Trichomalopsis sp. (Pteromalidae), two species of Spilomicrus (Diapriidae) and Trichopria sp. (Diapriidae) were also relatively widespread. There were no statistical differences in the number of Hymenoptera species recorded on sandy, shingle or boulder beaches on Banks Peninsula. Adult wasps were collected in all calendar months, although there was a decrease in occurrence in autumn and early winter. Hand searching proved a valuable method to obtain adult specimens of wasps for information on biogeography and seasonality. However, the rearing of wasps from different species of dipteran larvae or pupae is required to provide details of host species usage and attribute specific ecological functions of parasitoids within the strandline habitat.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"39 1","pages":"117 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2016.1215034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58900482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2016.1152871
B. Donovan
ABSTRACT A new species of endemic colletid bee in Leioproctus (Leioproctus) is described from two areas in the Mackenzie Country (MK), South Island, New Zealand. Features distinguishing the species from other species are outlined and available biological data for the new species are presented. The recognition of L. (L.) hukarere as a new species restores the number of species of Leioproctus present in New Zealand to 18. The total number of bee species in New Zealand is now 42. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17B78D41-66DO-4954-AF45-BFF407295D8F
摘要报道了新西兰南岛Mackenzie Country (MK)两个地区的Leioproctus (Leioproctus)特有菌群蜂一新种。概述了该物种区别于其他物种的特征，并介绍了新物种的现有生物学数据。L. (L.) hukarere被认定为新种，使新西兰现存的重直齿兽种数恢复到18种。现在新西兰的蜜蜂种类总数是42种。http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17B78D41-66DO-4954-AF45-BFF407295D8F
{"title":"Description of Leioproctus (Leioproctus) hukarere new species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae), a new native bee from the Mackenzie Country, New Zealand","authors":"B. Donovan","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2016.1152871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2016.1152871","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new species of endemic colletid bee in Leioproctus (Leioproctus) is described from two areas in the Mackenzie Country (MK), South Island, New Zealand. Features distinguishing the species from other species are outlined and available biological data for the new species are presented. The recognition of L. (L.) hukarere as a new species restores the number of species of Leioproctus present in New Zealand to 18. The total number of bee species in New Zealand is now 42. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17B78D41-66DO-4954-AF45-BFF407295D8F","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"39 1","pages":"64 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2016.1152871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58899801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2016.1230254
M. Coca-Abia, J. Romero-Samper
ABSTRACT White (1846) described Rhisotrogus zealandicus from two syntypes, however no lectotype has since been designated. When the genus Costelytra Given 1952 was described, with Rhisotrogus zealandicus White 1846 as its type species, Given’s description of this species was based on 400 specimens collected at different localities in New Zealand as White’s syntypes were not available to him. Later, Given (1960) examined one of the syntypes, stating that it was identical to specimens he used to describe C. zealandica, but a lectoype was not designated at this time. So, the aims of this paper are: (i) to provide a detailed description of the external morphology, mouthparts and male genitalia based on the syntypes of R. zealandicus; (ii) to compare these type specimens with the description by Given (1952); (iii) to compare the syntypes to establish if they are conspecific; (iv) to designate an appropriate lectotype and (v) to study a representative series of C. zealandica collected from throughout New Zealand to establish the status of the taxon currently known as C. zealandica. Differences between the syntype specimens, and Given’s (1952) description of the New Zealand specimens were found. In addition, White’s syntypes are not conspecific. As a result Costelytra giveni n. sp. is established and described to represent the species currently known as the ‘New Zealand grass grub’. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6CB0129-5ACE-4DE1-B76C-95CEE3AFDEEC
White(1846)描述了zealandicus的两种分型，但没有指定选型。在以zealandicus White 1846为模式种的Costelytra Given 1952属的描述中，由于没有White的模式，Given对该物种的描述是基于在新西兰不同地点收集的400个标本。后来，Given(1960)检查了其中一种模式，指出它与他用来描述新西兰C. zealandica的标本相同，但当时没有指定一种模式。因此，本文的目的是:(i)根据西兰褐家鼠的分型对其外部形态、口器和雄性生殖器进行详细描述;(ii)将这些模式标本与Given(1952)的描述进行比较;(iii)比较型型以确定它们是否具有同质性;(iv)指定一个适当的选型;(v)研究从新西兰各地收集的一组有代表性的西兰种，以确定目前被称为西兰种的分类群的地位。发现了模式标本与吉文(1952)对新西兰标本的描述之间的差异。此外，怀特的句法类型也不是同构的。结果Costelytra giveni n. sp被建立并描述为代表目前被称为“新西兰草蛴螬”的物种。http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6CB0129-5ACE-4DE1-B76C-95CEE3AFDEEC
{"title":"Establishment of the identity of Costelytra zealandica (White 1846) (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae: Melolonthinae) a species commonly known as the New Zealand grass grub","authors":"M. Coca-Abia, J. Romero-Samper","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2016.1230254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2016.1230254","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT White (1846) described Rhisotrogus zealandicus from two syntypes, however no lectotype has since been designated. When the genus Costelytra Given 1952 was described, with Rhisotrogus zealandicus White 1846 as its type species, Given’s description of this species was based on 400 specimens collected at different localities in New Zealand as White’s syntypes were not available to him. Later, Given (1960) examined one of the syntypes, stating that it was identical to specimens he used to describe C. zealandica, but a lectoype was not designated at this time. So, the aims of this paper are: (i) to provide a detailed description of the external morphology, mouthparts and male genitalia based on the syntypes of R. zealandicus; (ii) to compare these type specimens with the description by Given (1952); (iii) to compare the syntypes to establish if they are conspecific; (iv) to designate an appropriate lectotype and (v) to study a representative series of C. zealandica collected from throughout New Zealand to establish the status of the taxon currently known as C. zealandica. Differences between the syntype specimens, and Given’s (1952) description of the New Zealand specimens were found. In addition, White’s syntypes are not conspecific. As a result Costelytra giveni n. sp. is established and described to represent the species currently known as the ‘New Zealand grass grub’. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6CB0129-5ACE-4DE1-B76C-95CEE3AFDEEC","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"39 1","pages":"129 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2016.1230254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58900249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2016.1218525
I. Geary, C. Merfield, R. Hale, M. Shaw, S. Hodge
ABSTRACT This study investigated predatory behaviour of the mite Anystis baccarum on nymphs of the tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli. In 30-minute laboratory bioassays, predation rates per individual mite were low if late instar psyllid nymphs were ‘braced’ or ‘sealed’ tightly to a leaf, with only one nymph from twelve being successfully attacked and eaten in the presence of psyllid sugars (wax covered honeydew). However predation rates were approximately six times higher if the nymph was detached from the leaf and inverted. The presence of psyllid sugars had an impact on predation rates because mites would probe or investigate, and often feed from these sugars, sometimes leading to the immediate cessation of the mite’s investigation of the psyllid. Overall, the results of this investigation confirm that these mites consume late instar psyllid nymphs but may need to be at high densities before substantial reductions in psyllids occurred. The mites may be a more effective predator of psyllid eggs or younger instars and this predatory behaviour warrants further investigation.
{"title":"Predation of nymphal tomato potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), by the predatory mite, Anystis baccarum L. (Trombidiformes: Anystidae)","authors":"I. Geary, C. Merfield, R. Hale, M. Shaw, S. Hodge","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2016.1218525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2016.1218525","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated predatory behaviour of the mite Anystis baccarum on nymphs of the tomato potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli. In 30-minute laboratory bioassays, predation rates per individual mite were low if late instar psyllid nymphs were ‘braced’ or ‘sealed’ tightly to a leaf, with only one nymph from twelve being successfully attacked and eaten in the presence of psyllid sugars (wax covered honeydew). However predation rates were approximately six times higher if the nymph was detached from the leaf and inverted. The presence of psyllid sugars had an impact on predation rates because mites would probe or investigate, and often feed from these sugars, sometimes leading to the immediate cessation of the mite’s investigation of the psyllid. Overall, the results of this investigation confirm that these mites consume late instar psyllid nymphs but may need to be at high densities before substantial reductions in psyllids occurred. The mites may be a more effective predator of psyllid eggs or younger instars and this predatory behaviour warrants further investigation.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"39 1","pages":"110 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00779962.2016.1218525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58900494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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