Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530679
Robert G Stewart, Miriam Camacena, Bryan A Copits, Jon T Sack
The distinct organization of Kv2 voltage-gated potassium channels on and near the cell body of brain neurons enables their regulation of action potentials and specialized membrane contact sites. Somatosensory neurons have a pseudounipolar morphology and transmit action potentials from peripheral nerve endings through axons that bifurcate to the spinal cord and the cell body within ganglia including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Kv2 channels regulate action potentials in somatosensory neurons, yet little is known about where Kv2 channels are located. Here we define the cellular and subcellular localization of the Kv2 paralogs, Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, in DRG somatosensory neurons with a panel of antibodies, cell markers, and genetically modified mice. We find that relative to spinal cord neurons, DRG neurons have similar levels of detectable Kv2.1, and higher levels of Kv2.2. In older mice, detectable Kv2.2 remains similar while detectable Kv2.1 decreases. Both Kv2 subtypes adopt clustered subcellular patterns that are distinct from central neurons. Most DRG neurons co-express Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, although neuron subpopulations show preferential expression of Kv2.1 or Kv2.2. We find that Kv2 protein expression and subcellular localization is similar between mouse and human DRG neurons. We conclude that the organization of both Kv2 channels is consistent with physiological roles in the somata and stem axons of DRG neurons. The general prevalence of Kv2.2 in DRG as compared to central neurons and the enrichment of Kv2.2 relative to detectable Kv2.1, in older mice, proprioceptors, and axons suggest more widespread roles for Kv2.2 in DRG neurons.
{"title":"Distinct cellular expression and subcellular localization of Kv2 voltage-gated K<sup>+</sup> channel subtypes in dorsal root ganglion neurons conserved between mice and humans.","authors":"Robert G Stewart, Miriam Camacena, Bryan A Copits, Jon T Sack","doi":"10.1101/2023.03.01.530679","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.03.01.530679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distinct organization of Kv2 voltage-gated potassium channels on and near the cell body of brain neurons enables their regulation of action potentials and specialized membrane contact sites. Somatosensory neurons have a pseudounipolar morphology and transmit action potentials from peripheral nerve endings through axons that bifurcate to the spinal cord and the cell body within ganglia including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Kv2 channels regulate action potentials in somatosensory neurons, yet little is known about where Kv2 channels are located. Here we define the cellular and subcellular localization of the Kv2 paralogs, Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, in DRG somatosensory neurons with a panel of antibodies, cell markers, and genetically modified mice. We find that relative to spinal cord neurons, DRG neurons have similar levels of detectable Kv2.1, and higher levels of Kv2.2. In older mice, detectable Kv2.2 remains similar while detectable Kv2.1 decreases. Both Kv2 subtypes adopt clustered subcellular patterns that are distinct from central neurons. Most DRG neurons co-express Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, although neuron subpopulations show preferential expression of Kv2.1 or Kv2.2. We find that Kv2 protein expression and subcellular localization is similar between mouse and human DRG neurons. We conclude that the organization of both Kv2 channels is consistent with physiological roles in the somata and stem axons of DRG neurons. The general prevalence of Kv2.2 in DRG as compared to central neurons and the enrichment of Kv2.2 relative to detectable Kv2.1, in older mice, proprioceptors, and axons suggest more widespread roles for Kv2.2 in DRG neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10769185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80911467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2023.2261840
Stella R. McDonald, Darren F. Ward
ABSTRACTBody size is a fundamental component of morphology, related to many physiological and ecological traits, and is influenced by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Body size may also have a role in influencing the establishment of exotic species. We compared the body size of New Zealand native species, accidentally introduced exotic species, and deliberately introduced species of Hymenoptera. Specimens in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection were used to measure body and forewing length. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to compare the overall body sizes between biostatus groups, and specifically between species within a genus and family. A total of 2231 specimens were measured from 740 species of Hymenoptera, comprising 503 native, 201 exotic, and 36 biocontrol species. There was a strong positive correlation between body length and forewing length (R2 > 0.97). Overall, the average body size of species did not differ significantly between native and accidentally introduced exotic species, but deliberately introduced biocontrol species were significantly smaller than native species. Exotic species had greater interspecific variation in body size than either native or biocontrol species. There were no significant differences in the body sizes of native and exotic species within the same genus or same family. Levene’s tests revealed there was equal variance between biostatus groups at the genus level but unequal variance at the family level. This study provides a large dataset on a key morphological trait, body size, that can be used to further examine how morphology can be shaped by, and influence, ecological communities, and interactions between species.KEYWORDS: Ecological interactionsestablishmentinvasionlengthparasitoids AcknowledgementsThanks to Jessica McLay for advice on coding and statistical analysis.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was funded by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) for Nationally Significant Collections and Databases (NSCDs) at Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research.
{"title":"Comparisons of body size for native and exotic Hymenoptera established in New Zealand","authors":"Stella R. McDonald, Darren F. Ward","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2023.2261840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2023.2261840","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTBody size is a fundamental component of morphology, related to many physiological and ecological traits, and is influenced by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Body size may also have a role in influencing the establishment of exotic species. We compared the body size of New Zealand native species, accidentally introduced exotic species, and deliberately introduced species of Hymenoptera. Specimens in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection were used to measure body and forewing length. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to compare the overall body sizes between biostatus groups, and specifically between species within a genus and family. A total of 2231 specimens were measured from 740 species of Hymenoptera, comprising 503 native, 201 exotic, and 36 biocontrol species. There was a strong positive correlation between body length and forewing length (R2 > 0.97). Overall, the average body size of species did not differ significantly between native and accidentally introduced exotic species, but deliberately introduced biocontrol species were significantly smaller than native species. Exotic species had greater interspecific variation in body size than either native or biocontrol species. There were no significant differences in the body sizes of native and exotic species within the same genus or same family. Levene’s tests revealed there was equal variance between biostatus groups at the genus level but unequal variance at the family level. This study provides a large dataset on a key morphological trait, body size, that can be used to further examine how morphology can be shaped by, and influence, ecological communities, and interactions between species.KEYWORDS: Ecological interactionsestablishmentinvasionlengthparasitoids AcknowledgementsThanks to Jessica McLay for advice on coding and statistical analysis.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was funded by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) for Nationally Significant Collections and Databases (NSCDs) at Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2023.2250657
Luna Grey, Rich Leschen, Samuel D.J. Brown, Trevor K. Crosby
{"title":"Beverley Anne Holloway (25 October 1931–11 May 2023)","authors":"Luna Grey, Rich Leschen, Samuel D.J. Brown, Trevor K. Crosby","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2023.2250657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2023.2250657","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2023.2250656
D. Li, A. Sooda, DN. Gunawardana, A. Thomas, Y. Chen, L. Kumarasinghe
ABSTRACTThrips (Order Thysanoptera) species are agriculturally important pests and vectors of plant disease. These tiny insects are commonly found in all life stages on imported commodities at the New Zealand border. Morphological identification of thrips is able to be performed on adults, but the identification keys for immature stages are inadequate and so DNA barcoding is regularly used for their identification. Here, we have generated cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA barcode data for 29 thrips species from 124 individuals, focusing on Frankliniella occidentalis, a dominant species intercepted at New Zealand border, followed by F. panamensis, Thrips palmi and T. tabaci. In addition, a multiplex real-time PCR assay has been developed to target the four thrips species. This assay is intended to facilitate the identification of quarantine interceptions with greater accuracy and faster diagnostic turnaround times, regardless of the developmental stages of the thrips. The developed assay demonstrated a high level of specificity for all the four target species and could detect as few as 10 copies/µL of the target DNA. Linear responses and high correlation coefficients between the amount of DNA and Cq values for each species were also achieved. The method was successfully tested on single egg, larva and adult samples and proved to be applicable for all life stages of the four species. Overall, this study has shown that the developed assay is an effective biosecurity tool for rapid and reliable identification of the target thrips species.KEYWORDS: Thripidaebiosecurityquarantine pestsborder detection AcknowledgementsThis work was part of the project (11 Int 03) funded by Operational Research programme from the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI), New Zealand. We would like to thank all the Entomology staff at Plant Health and Environment Laboratory (PHEL), MPI for identifying the species, keeping the specimens, and performing the DNA extraction for this research. Our thanks go to Dr David Waite (PHEL, MPI) for conducting the internal review of the manuscript and his valuable suggestions. Great thanks also go to the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and edits to the manuscript, which has improved it significantly.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author contributionLK, DG, DL and AS conceived research.LK and DG secured funding.AS and DL designed the assay.AS, AT, YC and DL conducted all the experiments, including optimisation, specificity and sensitivity and blind panel testing of the assay.DG acquired thrips specimens and conducted morphological identification of the specimens.DL analysed the data and generated the figures.DL and AS wrote the draft manuscript. All authors read, edited and approved the manuscript.Data accessibility statementThe data used for this study were submitted into Zenodo, see xxx10.5281/zenodo.5748573
{"title":"DNA Barcodes for thrips species and development of multiplex real-time PCR assay for <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i> Pergande, <i>Frankliniella panamensis</i> Hood, <i>Thrips palmi</i> Karny and <i>Thrips tabaci</i> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)","authors":"D. Li, A. Sooda, DN. Gunawardana, A. Thomas, Y. Chen, L. Kumarasinghe","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2023.2250656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2023.2250656","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThrips (Order Thysanoptera) species are agriculturally important pests and vectors of plant disease. These tiny insects are commonly found in all life stages on imported commodities at the New Zealand border. Morphological identification of thrips is able to be performed on adults, but the identification keys for immature stages are inadequate and so DNA barcoding is regularly used for their identification. Here, we have generated cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA barcode data for 29 thrips species from 124 individuals, focusing on Frankliniella occidentalis, a dominant species intercepted at New Zealand border, followed by F. panamensis, Thrips palmi and T. tabaci. In addition, a multiplex real-time PCR assay has been developed to target the four thrips species. This assay is intended to facilitate the identification of quarantine interceptions with greater accuracy and faster diagnostic turnaround times, regardless of the developmental stages of the thrips. The developed assay demonstrated a high level of specificity for all the four target species and could detect as few as 10 copies/µL of the target DNA. Linear responses and high correlation coefficients between the amount of DNA and Cq values for each species were also achieved. The method was successfully tested on single egg, larva and adult samples and proved to be applicable for all life stages of the four species. Overall, this study has shown that the developed assay is an effective biosecurity tool for rapid and reliable identification of the target thrips species.KEYWORDS: Thripidaebiosecurityquarantine pestsborder detection AcknowledgementsThis work was part of the project (11 Int 03) funded by Operational Research programme from the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI), New Zealand. We would like to thank all the Entomology staff at Plant Health and Environment Laboratory (PHEL), MPI for identifying the species, keeping the specimens, and performing the DNA extraction for this research. Our thanks go to Dr David Waite (PHEL, MPI) for conducting the internal review of the manuscript and his valuable suggestions. Great thanks also go to the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and edits to the manuscript, which has improved it significantly.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author contributionLK, DG, DL and AS conceived research.LK and DG secured funding.AS and DL designed the assay.AS, AT, YC and DL conducted all the experiments, including optimisation, specificity and sensitivity and blind panel testing of the assay.DG acquired thrips specimens and conducted morphological identification of the specimens.DL analysed the data and generated the figures.DL and AS wrote the draft manuscript. All authors read, edited and approved the manuscript.Data accessibility statementThe data used for this study were submitted into Zenodo, see xxx10.5281/zenodo.5748573","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2023.2226454
M. Morgan‐Richards
ABSTRACT The mānuka stick insect Clitarchus hookeri (White) is facultatively parthenogenetic, but females from sexual populations that have mated with males from their own population do not produce any offspring via asexual reproduction. In contrast, females from parthenogenetic populations of C. hookeri mate with males (in captivity) but show a partial barrier to fertilisation with more than 90% of their offspring resulting from asexual reproduction post mating. Captive crossing experiments with parthenogenetic females require the mating of individuals from different populations (sexual and parthenogenetic), thus potential intraspecific differences bring a confounding element to these experiments. Experiments mating sexual females with males from different sexual populations were undertaken to determine whether offspring resulting from such a cross would be the result of sexual or parthenogenetic reproduction. Virgin females and males were collected from two sexual populations known to represent distinct genetic lineages (Waikato and Whanganui). Eleven adult females were caged with non-local males and eggs collected post-mating. Approximately equal numbers of sons and daughters hatched (168 female; 210 male) suggesting all offspring were the result of sexual reproduction. In these intraspecific crosses no barriers to fertilisation were detected, suggesting that in the absence of males the decay of some sexual trait in Phasmids can occur in fewer than 100 generations.
{"title":"No barrier to fertilisation when different sexual populations of the mānuka stick insect are crossed","authors":"M. Morgan‐Richards","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2023.2226454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2023.2226454","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The mānuka stick insect Clitarchus hookeri (White) is facultatively parthenogenetic, but females from sexual populations that have mated with males from their own population do not produce any offspring via asexual reproduction. In contrast, females from parthenogenetic populations of C. hookeri mate with males (in captivity) but show a partial barrier to fertilisation with more than 90% of their offspring resulting from asexual reproduction post mating. Captive crossing experiments with parthenogenetic females require the mating of individuals from different populations (sexual and parthenogenetic), thus potential intraspecific differences bring a confounding element to these experiments. Experiments mating sexual females with males from different sexual populations were undertaken to determine whether offspring resulting from such a cross would be the result of sexual or parthenogenetic reproduction. Virgin females and males were collected from two sexual populations known to represent distinct genetic lineages (Waikato and Whanganui). Eleven adult females were caged with non-local males and eggs collected post-mating. Approximately equal numbers of sons and daughters hatched (168 female; 210 male) suggesting all offspring were the result of sexual reproduction. In these intraspecific crosses no barriers to fertilisation were detected, suggesting that in the absence of males the decay of some sexual trait in Phasmids can occur in fewer than 100 generations.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2022.2153440
B. Dominiak, Jenene Kidston
ABSTRACT Elm leaf beetle (ELB) is a comparatively new invader in south-eastern Australia. ELB can cause considerable defoliation and adversely impact tree health. Here, we conducted a literature review and found a range of control measures. We found two main biological control insects, Oomyzus gallerucae and Erynniopsis antennata, but they rarely adequately control ELB populations or prevent considerable defoliation. We report on more than 20 insecticides used to control ELB, primarily consisting of organophosphates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. There is no ideal insecticide as some very effective insecticides have environmental or human health concerns. Products based on azadirachtin or similar compounds seem to generate least concerns and are insect specific, but may have short residues. The choice of insecticidal intervention will be based on issues pertinent to each situation and many pesticide options are available.
{"title":"Review of control options for elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola Müller, with a focus on Australia","authors":"B. Dominiak, Jenene Kidston","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2022.2153440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2022.2153440","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Elm leaf beetle (ELB) is a comparatively new invader in south-eastern Australia. ELB can cause considerable defoliation and adversely impact tree health. Here, we conducted a literature review and found a range of control measures. We found two main biological control insects, Oomyzus gallerucae and Erynniopsis antennata, but they rarely adequately control ELB populations or prevent considerable defoliation. We report on more than 20 insecticides used to control ELB, primarily consisting of organophosphates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. There is no ideal insecticide as some very effective insecticides have environmental or human health concerns. Products based on azadirachtin or similar compounds seem to generate least concerns and are insect specific, but may have short residues. The choice of insecticidal intervention will be based on issues pertinent to each situation and many pesticide options are available.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"45 1","pages":"45 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46591983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2022.2101910
R. Palma, P. Sagar
Dr Donald Sherwood Horning died in Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia, after a period of declining health due to Parkinson ’ s disease. He was a research scientist with deep knowledge of the natural history of the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand and Australia. We had the privilege of meeting him in 1974, while we were studying and working in the Department of Zoology at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. Among his family and peers, Dr Horning was informally known as ‘ Woody ’ and as ‘ Don ’ . As a young man he was called Woody, derived from his second name and referring to his strength and resilience, as he proudly told us. However, his second wife, Carol, preferred to address him as Don, as he came to be known by many colleagues and students from 1970 to 1978. After his divorce from Carol, he returned to his preferred nickname, Woody, which we will use in this obituary from here onwards. Woody
{"title":"Obituary: Donald Sherwood Horning","authors":"R. Palma, P. Sagar","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2022.2101910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2022.2101910","url":null,"abstract":"Dr Donald Sherwood Horning died in Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia, after a period of declining health due to Parkinson ’ s disease. He was a research scientist with deep knowledge of the natural history of the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand and Australia. We had the privilege of meeting him in 1974, while we were studying and working in the Department of Zoology at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. Among his family and peers, Dr Horning was informally known as ‘ Woody ’ and as ‘ Don ’ . As a young man he was called Woody, derived from his second name and referring to his strength and resilience, as he proudly told us. However, his second wife, Carol, preferred to address him as Don, as he came to be known by many colleagues and students from 1970 to 1978. After his divorce from Carol, he returned to his preferred nickname, Woody, which we will use in this obituary from here onwards. Woody","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"45 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44224818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2022.2120594
J. Chen, K. Dickinson, B. Barratt, J. Jandt
ABSTRACT The ecological impacts of invasive mammals are widely documented around the world. In New Zealand, fencing designed to exclude non-native mammals is used for conservation and restoration efforts. The Orokonui Ecosanctuary is a 307-hectare coastal Otago reserve (Dunedin, New Zealand) that is surrounded by mammal-exclusion fencing. The goal of the present study was to investigate how excluding mammals and including (native) animals inside the Orokonui Ecosanctuary fence has influenced ground- and litter-dwelling beetle (Coleoptera) abundance, diversity, and community composition. We hypothesised that beetle abundance, diversity, and community composition would be different whether the beetles sampled were from sites inside the fence or outside the fence. Beetles were extracted from the litter and soil of six sites (three inside, three outside) two times (once in winter, once in summer). The abundance, diversity, species composition, size distribution, and trophic guild distribution of beetles inside and outside the fence and between seasons were compared. Our results suggest that sites inside the fence harbour a greater abundance and diversity of beetles. We found a high abundance of native beetles both inside and outside the Orokonui Ecosanctuary’s fence. Further research may find evidence that the fenced sanctuary is providing a ‘halo effect’ whereby native beetles thriving within the Orokonui Ecosanctuary are spreading out into the surrounding landscape and also outcompeting introduced beetles.
{"title":"Beetle (Coleoptera) communities inside and outside the pest-resistant fencing of a New Zealand ecosanctuary","authors":"J. Chen, K. Dickinson, B. Barratt, J. Jandt","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2022.2120594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2022.2120594","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ecological impacts of invasive mammals are widely documented around the world. In New Zealand, fencing designed to exclude non-native mammals is used for conservation and restoration efforts. The Orokonui Ecosanctuary is a 307-hectare coastal Otago reserve (Dunedin, New Zealand) that is surrounded by mammal-exclusion fencing. The goal of the present study was to investigate how excluding mammals and including (native) animals inside the Orokonui Ecosanctuary fence has influenced ground- and litter-dwelling beetle (Coleoptera) abundance, diversity, and community composition. We hypothesised that beetle abundance, diversity, and community composition would be different whether the beetles sampled were from sites inside the fence or outside the fence. Beetles were extracted from the litter and soil of six sites (three inside, three outside) two times (once in winter, once in summer). The abundance, diversity, species composition, size distribution, and trophic guild distribution of beetles inside and outside the fence and between seasons were compared. Our results suggest that sites inside the fence harbour a greater abundance and diversity of beetles. We found a high abundance of native beetles both inside and outside the Orokonui Ecosanctuary’s fence. Further research may find evidence that the fenced sanctuary is providing a ‘halo effect’ whereby native beetles thriving within the Orokonui Ecosanctuary are spreading out into the surrounding landscape and also outcompeting introduced beetles.","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"45 1","pages":"17 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47016134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2022.2145926
P. Gerard, D. Wilson, J. Dymock
ABSTRACT Flores weevil (Floresianus sordidus Hustache, 1939 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)) is now common in northern areas of the North Island of New Zealand. Historic records and new field data were investigated to learn more of the biology, seasonality, and likely pest status of the weevil. Laboratory studies were undertaken on its feeding preferences and the impact of host plant on oviposition and survival. Flores weevil adults were found to be absent in pastures from November to February and started emerging in early autumn (March), with peak emergence in April and May. Adults preferred feeding on broad-leaved plants and did not feed on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Mean longevity of field-collected adults in the laboratory ranged from 20 days, when provided ryegrass, to 62 days on plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.). Eggs were laid in batches of up to 20 eggs. Most eggs were laid by weevils feeding on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and the least by those provided ryegrass. Dissections showed ryegrass-fed weevils retained mature eggs in their ovaries. First instar larvae were found to feed on soil organic matter, whereas second and third instar larvae fed on roots. Host plant had no significant effect on larval survival or development of these stages.
摘要:小花象鼻虫(florresianus sordidus Hustache, 1939)是新西兰北岛北部常见的象鼻虫(鞘翅目，象鼻虫科)。对历史记录和新的实地数据进行了调查，以了解更多的生物学、季节性和象鼻虫可能的害虫状况。对其取食偏好及寄主植物对其产卵和存活的影响进行了实验室研究。11月至2月，牧草中没有象鼻虫成虫，初秋(3月)开始出现，4月和5月出现高峰。成虫以阔叶植物为食，不以多年生黑麦草为食。野外采集的成虫在实验室的平均寿命从提供黑麦草时的20天到车前草(Plantago lanceolata L.) 62天不等。鸡蛋每批产20只。以红三叶草为食的象鼻虫产蛋最多，以黑麦草为食的象鼻虫产蛋最少。解剖显示黑麦草喂养的象鼻虫在卵巢中保留成熟的卵。1龄幼虫以土壤有机质为食，2龄和3龄幼虫以根系为食。寄主植物对这些阶段幼虫的存活和发育无显著影响。
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00779962.2022.2114170
R. van Toor, D. Pattemore, B. Howlett, S. Read, J. Marris
Dr Barry Donovan died from a heart attack on 13 May 2022 aged 81. He forged a long and distinguished career in entomology, specialising in bees. Barry worked for the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) for 22 years, and then for 5 months with Landcare Research when the Crown Research Institutes were formed, before eventually becoming an independent entomologist in 1992 based at Lincoln. He worked in entomological research under contract, primarily to Plant & Food Research where he became an honorary research fellow, and continued with this work until shortly before his death. Barry gained national and international recognition for his expertise in insect pollination, bee taxonomy and biological control of vespid wasps. Barry had an outstanding career and fruitful life. As a past member of the New Zealand Skeptics, Barry would have seen the irony of dying on a black Friday. Barry’s entomological interests began while growing up in Piriaka near Taumarunui in the North Island, New Zealand. He became hooked on bees at primary school when, unprotected, he transferred a swarm of honey bees, Apis mellifera ligustica, into a wooden apple crate and was intrigued to see the colony establish there. Barry gained experience in apiculture while working with a local beekeeper on the weekends throughout his school years, eventually acquiring 12 beehives of his own. He enjoyed observing insects visiting flowers and this introduced him to bees other than the more familiar honey bees or bumble bees. At this time, these bees could not easily be identified and Barry saw a career opportunity and a role in identifying these species. On completing his school studies at Taumarunui High School in 1959, where he was a prefect and Head Boy, Barry undertook a study for a BSc in Zoology from the University of Auckland, which he completed in 1964. He continued with postgraduate studies at Auckland, completing his MSc (Honours) thesis in 1967 on the nesting biology of a native bee, Leioproctus boltoni, on Barry Donovan with a bumble bee specimen from his bee collection (left), and collecting bumble bees (right). Photos, used with permission, from Robert Lamberts (L) and Nikki Gammans (R).
{"title":"Dr Barry James Donovan","authors":"R. van Toor, D. Pattemore, B. Howlett, S. Read, J. Marris","doi":"10.1080/00779962.2022.2114170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2022.2114170","url":null,"abstract":"Dr Barry Donovan died from a heart attack on 13 May 2022 aged 81. He forged a long and distinguished career in entomology, specialising in bees. Barry worked for the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) for 22 years, and then for 5 months with Landcare Research when the Crown Research Institutes were formed, before eventually becoming an independent entomologist in 1992 based at Lincoln. He worked in entomological research under contract, primarily to Plant & Food Research where he became an honorary research fellow, and continued with this work until shortly before his death. Barry gained national and international recognition for his expertise in insect pollination, bee taxonomy and biological control of vespid wasps. Barry had an outstanding career and fruitful life. As a past member of the New Zealand Skeptics, Barry would have seen the irony of dying on a black Friday. Barry’s entomological interests began while growing up in Piriaka near Taumarunui in the North Island, New Zealand. He became hooked on bees at primary school when, unprotected, he transferred a swarm of honey bees, Apis mellifera ligustica, into a wooden apple crate and was intrigued to see the colony establish there. Barry gained experience in apiculture while working with a local beekeeper on the weekends throughout his school years, eventually acquiring 12 beehives of his own. He enjoyed observing insects visiting flowers and this introduced him to bees other than the more familiar honey bees or bumble bees. At this time, these bees could not easily be identified and Barry saw a career opportunity and a role in identifying these species. On completing his school studies at Taumarunui High School in 1959, where he was a prefect and Head Boy, Barry undertook a study for a BSc in Zoology from the University of Auckland, which he completed in 1964. He continued with postgraduate studies at Auckland, completing his MSc (Honours) thesis in 1967 on the nesting biology of a native bee, Leioproctus boltoni, on Barry Donovan with a bumble bee specimen from his bee collection (left), and collecting bumble bees (right). Photos, used with permission, from Robert Lamberts (L) and Nikki Gammans (R).","PeriodicalId":19185,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Entomologist","volume":"45 1","pages":"6 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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