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Adherence to the Eatwell Guide and cardiometabolic, cognitive and neuroimaging parameters: an analysis from the PREVENT dementia study 遵守《饮食指南》与心脏代谢、认知和神经影像学参数：PREVENT 痴呆症研究分析

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00794-z

Sarah Gregory, Alex Griffiths, Amy Jennings, Fiona C. Malcomson, Jamie Matu, Anne-Marie Minihane, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Craig W. Ritchie, Solange Parra-Soto, Emma Stevenson, Rebecca Townsend, Nicola Ann Ward, Oliver Shannon

The Eatwell guide reflects the UK government's recommendations for a healthy and balanced diet. Previous research has identified associations between healthy eating patterns and both cardiovascular and brain health, although there is little evidence specifically focusing on the Eatwell Guide. To date no research has investigated associations between the Eatwell Guide and risk for future dementia. Data from the PREVENT dementia cohort study baseline visit was used in this analysis. Binary and graded Eatwell Guide scores (BEWG, GEWG) were created from a self-reported Food Frequency Questionnaire. The CAIDE score was included as the primary outcome measure to represent risk for future Alzheimer’s disease. Secondary outcome measures included cardiometabolic health measures and brain health measures. Generalised additive models were run in R. A total of 517 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean BEWG score of 4.39 (± 1.66) (out of a possible 12 points) and GEWG score of 39.88 (± 6.19) (out of a possible 60 points). There was no significant association between either Eatwell Guide score and the CAIDE score (BEWG β: 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07, 0.22; GEWG β: 0.02, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.06) or any measures of brain health. There was a significant association between higher GEWG score and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) (systolic β: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.03; diastolic β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03; BMI β: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.01). Although not directly associated with the CAIDE score, the Eatwell Guide dietary pattern may be beneficial for dementia prevention efforts through the modification of hypertension and obesity, which are both known risk factors for dementia. Future work could replicate these findings in other UK-based cohorts as well as further development of Eatwell Guide scoring methodologies.

健康饮食指南》反映了英国政府对健康均衡饮食的建议。以往的研究已经发现了健康饮食模式与心血管和大脑健康之间的关联，但专门针对《饮食健康指南》的证据却很少。迄今为止，还没有研究调查过《饮食健康指南》与未来痴呆症风险之间的关系。本分析采用了PREVENT痴呆症队列研究基线访问的数据。二进制和分级《饮食健康指南》得分（BEWG、GEWG）由自我报告的食物频率问卷得出。CAIDE 评分作为主要结果测量指标，代表未来罹患阿尔茨海默病的风险。次要结果测量包括心脏代谢健康测量和大脑健康测量。共有 517 人参与分析，平均 BEWG 得分为 4.39 (± 1.66)（满分为 12 分），GEWG 得分为 39.88 (± 6.19)（满分为 60 分）。饮食指南评分与 CAIDE 评分之间均无明显关联（BEWG β：0.07，95% 置信区间（CI）：-0.07, 0.22；GEWG β：0.02，95% 置信区间：-0.02，0.06）或任何大脑健康指标。GEWG得分越高，收缩压和舒张压以及体重指数（BMI）就越低（收缩压 β：-0.24，95% CI：-0.45，-0.03；舒张压 β：-0.16，95% CI：-0.29，-0.03；BMI β：-0.09，95% CI：-0.16，-0.01）。尽管与CAIDE评分没有直接关系，但《饮食健康指南》中的饮食模式可能有利于通过改变高血压和肥胖来预防痴呆症，而高血压和肥胖都是痴呆症的已知风险因素。未来的工作可以在其他英国队列中复制这些发现，并进一步发展《饮食指南》的评分方法。

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引用次数: 0

Consumption of dietary fiber and APOA5 genetic variants in metabolic syndrome: baseline data from the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort Study 代谢综合征中的膳食纤维摄入量和 APOA5 基因变异：韩国医学大田市民队列研究的基线数据

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00793-0

Jimi Kim, Younghwa Baek, Siwoo Lee

Consumption of dietary fiber has been suggested as an important aspect of a healthy diet to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including cardiovascular disease. The role of fiber intake in MetS might differ by individual genetic susceptibility. APOA5 encodes a regulator of plasma triglyceride levels, which impacts the related mechanisms of MetS. This study investigated the association between dietary fiber and the risk of MetS, assessing their associations according to APOA5 genetic variants. A total of 1985 participants aged 30–55 years were included from a cross-sectional study based on the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study at baseline (2017–2019). Dietary fiber intake was measured using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The APOA5 polymorphisms (rs2266788 A > G, rs662799 A > G, and rs651821 T > C) were genotyped using the Asia Precision Medicine Research Array. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A higher consumption of dietary fiber was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS (P = 0.025). Among the components of MetS, an inverse association with dietary fiber was observed in increased waist circumference (OR, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.41–0.88, P for trend = 0.009) and elevated triglycerides (OR, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.50–0.96, P for trend = 0.012). Regarding the interaction with APOA5 genetic variants, a stronger association with dietary fiber intake was shown in G allele carriers of rs662799 than in A/A carriers (OR, 95% CI = 2.34, 1.59–3.44, P for interaction = 0.024) and in C allele carriers of rs651821 than in T/T carriers (OR, 95% CI = 2.35, 1.59–3.46, P for interaction = 0.027). The findings of this study suggest that the benefits of dietary fiber on the risk of MetS could be modified by genetic variants of the APOA5 gene, providing a more effective strategy for preventing MetS.

摄入膳食纤维被认为是健康饮食的一个重要方面，可降低代谢综合征（MetS）（包括心血管疾病）的风险。纤维摄入在代谢综合征中的作用可能因个体遗传易感性而异。APOA5 编码血浆甘油三酯水平的调节因子，它影响 MetS 的相关机制。本研究调查了膳食纤维与 MetS 风险之间的关联，并根据 APOA5 基因变异评估了两者之间的关联。在一项基于韩国医学大田市民队列研究的横断面研究（2017-2019 年）中，共纳入了 1985 名年龄在 30-55 岁之间的参与者。膳食纤维摄入量通过半定量食物频率问卷进行测量。使用亚洲精准医学研究阵列对 APOA5 多态性（rs2266788 A > G、rs662799 A > G 和 rs651821 T > C）进行了基因分型。采用逻辑回归法估算了几率比（OR）和 95% 置信区间（95% CI）。膳食纤维摄入量越高，MetS患病率越低（P = 0.025）。在 MetS 的组成成分中，观察到腰围增加（OR，95% CI = 0.60，0.41-0.88，趋势 P = 0.009）和甘油三酯升高（OR，95% CI = 0.69，0.50-0.96，趋势 P = 0.012）与膳食纤维呈负相关。关于与 APOA5 基因变异的交互作用，rs662799 的 G 等位基因携带者比 A/A 携带者（OR，95% CI = 2.34，1.59-3.44，交互作用的 P = 0.024）和 rs651821 的 C 等位基因携带者比 T/T 携带者（OR，95% CI = 2.35，1.59-3.46，交互作用的 P = 0.027）与膳食纤维摄入量有更强的关联。这项研究的结果表明，膳食纤维对 MetS 风险的益处可能会因 APOA5 基因的遗传变异而改变，从而为预防 MetS 提供更有效的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the effects of the dietary fiber compound mediated by a longevity dietary pattern on antioxidation, characteristic bacterial genera, and metabolites based on fecal metabolomics 基于粪便代谢组学探讨长寿膳食模式介导的膳食纤维化合物对抗氧化、特征菌属和代谢物的影响

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00787-y

Fengcui Shi, Qingli Liu, Dayong Yue, Yanan Zhang, Xueying Wei, Ying Wang, WenJian Ma

Age-related dysbiosis of the microbiota has been linked to various negative health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of a newly discovered dietary fiber compound (DFC) on aging, intestinal microbiota, and related metabolic processes. The DFC was identified through in vitro fermentation screening experiments, and its dosage and composition were determined based on a longevity dietary pattern. Aged SPF C57BL/6 J mice (65 weeks old) and young mice (8 weeks old) were divided into three groups: a subgroup without dietary fiber (NDF), a low DFC dose subgroup (LDF, 10% DFC), and a high DFC dose subgroup (HDF, 20% DFC). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in liver and serum samples of the mice were measured according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The expression levels of characteristic bacterial genera and fecal metabolite concentrations in mice were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR). Metabolomics analysis was further conducted to identify biological functions and potential pathways related to aging. After an 8-weeks dietary intervention, DFC supplementation significantly attenuated age-related weight loss, organ degeneration, and oxidative stress. And promoted the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacteroides (p < 0.05) in the intestinal tracts of aged mice. Metabolomic analysis identified glycolipid and amino acid metabolic pathway biomarkers associated with aging that were differentially regulated by DFC consumption. Correlation analysis between the identified microbial flora and the biomarkers revealed potential mechanistic links between altered microbial composition and metabolic activity with aging markers. In conclusion, this study revealed an important mechanism by which DFC consumption impacts healthspan and longevity, shedding light on optimizing dietary fiber or developing fiber-based interventions to improve human health.

与年龄相关的微生物群失调与各种不良健康后果有关。本研究旨在探讨一种新发现的膳食纤维化合物（DFC）对衰老、肠道微生物群和相关代谢过程的影响。通过体外发酵筛选实验确定了 DFC，并根据长寿饮食模式确定了其用量和成分。老龄 SPF C57BL/6 J 小鼠（65 周龄）和幼年小鼠（8 周龄）被分为三组：无膳食纤维（NDF）亚组、低 DFC 剂量亚组（LDF，10% DFC）和高 DFC 剂量亚组（HDF，20% DFC）。小鼠肝脏和血清样本中的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性均按照生产商的方案进行了测定。使用实时定量 PCR（qPCR）和核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）测定小鼠体内特征菌属的表达水平和粪便代谢物浓度。代谢组学分析进一步确定了与衰老相关的生物功能和潜在途径。经过 8 周的饮食干预后，补充 DFC 能显著减轻与年龄相关的体重减轻、器官退化和氧化应激。此外，DFC还能促进乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的生长，抑制大肠埃希氏菌（E. coli）和嗜酸乳杆菌（Bacteroides）的生长（p < 0.05）。代谢组分析确定了与衰老有关的糖脂和氨基酸代谢途径生物标记物，这些标记物受到 DFC 消费的不同调节。已确定的微生物菌群与生物标志物之间的相关性分析揭示了微生物组成和代谢活动的改变与衰老标志物之间的潜在机理联系。总之，这项研究揭示了食用 DFC 影响健康长寿的重要机制，为优化膳食纤维或开发基于纤维的干预措施以改善人类健康提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Association between dietary antioxidant capacity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. 中国成年人膳食抗氧化能力与 2 型糖尿病之间的关系：一项基于人群的横断面研究。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00786-z

Xiaoxia Li, Yixuan Xue, Yadi Zhang, Qingan Wang, Jiangwei Qiu, Jiaxing Zhang, Chan Yang, Yi Zhao, Yuhong Zhang

Background: Higher intakes of dietary antioxidants have been linked to a lower type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the overall dietary antioxidant capacity, assessed by dietary antioxidant quality scores (DAQS) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), related to T2DM risk, especially in populations consuming relatively monotonous diets. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of DAQS, DTAC, and T2DM among rural Chinese adults.

Methods: Data from 12,467 participants from the Natural Population Cohort of Northwest China: Ningxia Project was analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. DAQS were calculated based on vitamins A, C, and E, zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) intake. DTAC was estimated using the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of DAQS and DTAC with T2DM risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess potential non-linear relationships between DTAC and T2DM.

Results: T2DM was observed in 1,238 (9.9%) participants. After adjusting for confounders, compared to the lowest tertiles (T1) of DAQS, the odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM were 1.03 (95% CI 0.82-1.30) in T2 and 0.85 (95% CI 0.68-1.06) in T3 (P = 0.010). Compared to T1, the ORs for T2DM in the highest T3 were 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.91, P-trend = 0.008) for vitamin A, 1.34 (95% CI 1.15-1.56, P-trend < 0.001) for vitamin E, 0.83 (95% CI 0.71-0.97, P-trend = 0.007) for Se, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-1.01, P-trend = 0.033) for Zn. Compared to the lowest quartile(Q1) of DTAC, the OR in the highest Q4 was 0.96 (95% CI 0.80-1.17, P-trend = 0.024) for T2DM. A non-linear relationship was observed between DATC and T2DM.

Conclusion: Higher DAQS and DATC were associated with a lower T2DM risk, suggesting that consuming antioxidant-rich foods may reduce the T2DM risk.

背景：较高的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量与较低的2型糖尿病（T2DM）风险有关。然而，通过膳食抗氧化剂质量评分（DAQS）和膳食总抗氧化剂能力（DTAC）评估膳食抗氧化剂的总体能力与T2DM风险的关系，尤其是在膳食相对单一的人群中，很少有研究对其进行全面检测。本研究旨在评估 DAQS、DTAC 与中国农村成年人 T2DM 的相关性：方法：分析了中国西北地区自然人群队列中 12,467 名参与者的数据：方法：分析了来自中国西北地区自然人群队列：宁夏项目的 12,467 名参与者的数据。采用有效的半定量食物频率问卷评估膳食摄入量。根据维生素 A、C 和 E、锌和硒的摄入量计算 DAQS。DTAC 采用血浆铁还原能力测定法进行估算。采用逻辑回归模型评估 DAQS 和 DTAC 与 T2DM 风险的相关性。使用限制性三次样条来评估 DTAC 与 T2DM 之间的潜在非线性关系：结果：1238 名参与者（9.9%）出现了 T2DM。调整混杂因素后，与 DAQS 的最低分层（T1）相比，T2 和 T3 的 T2DM 发生几率比（ORs）分别为 1.03（95% CI 0.82-1.30）和 0.85（95% CI 0.68-1.06）（P = 0.010）。与 T1 相比，最高 T3 的 T2DM ORs 为 0.78（95% CI 0.67-0.91，P-趋势 = 0.008），维生素 A 为 1.34（95% CI 1.15-1.56，P-趋势结论：较高的 DAQS 和 DATC 与较低的 T2DM 风险相关，表明食用富含抗氧化剂的食物可降低 T2DM 风险。

{"title":"Association between dietary antioxidant capacity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Xiaoxia Li, Yixuan Xue, Yadi Zhang, Qingan Wang, Jiangwei Qiu, Jiaxing Zhang, Chan Yang, Yi Zhao, Yuhong Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00786-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12986-024-00786-z","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Higher intakes of dietary antioxidants have been linked to a lower type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the overall dietary antioxidant capacity, assessed by dietary antioxidant quality scores (DAQS) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), related to T2DM risk, especially in populations consuming relatively monotonous diets. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of DAQS, DTAC, and T2DM among rural Chinese adults.Methods: Data from 12,467 participants from the Natural Population Cohort of Northwest China: Ningxia Project was analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. DAQS were calculated based on vitamins A, C, and E, zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) intake. DTAC was estimated using the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of DAQS and DTAC with T2DM risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess potential non-linear relationships between DTAC and T2DM.Results: T2DM was observed in 1,238 (9.9%) participants. After adjusting for confounders, compared to the lowest tertiles (T1) of DAQS, the odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM were 1.03 (95% CI 0.82-1.30) in T2 and 0.85 (95% CI 0.68-1.06) in T3 (P = 0.010). Compared to T1, the ORs for T2DM in the highest T3 were 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.91, P-trend = 0.008) for vitamin A, 1.34 (95% CI 1.15-1.56, P-trend < 0.001) for vitamin E, 0.83 (95% CI 0.71-0.97, P-trend = 0.007) for Se, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-1.01, P-trend = 0.033) for Zn. Compared to the lowest quartile(Q1) of DTAC, the OR in the highest Q4 was 0.96 (95% CI 0.80-1.17, P-trend = 0.024) for T2DM. A non-linear relationship was observed between DATC and T2DM.Conclusion: Higher DAQS and DATC were associated with a lower T2DM risk, suggesting that consuming antioxidant-rich foods may reduce the T2DM risk.","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10981302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140326914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Higher ultra-processed food intake is associated with an increased incidence risk of cardiovascular disease: the Tehran lipid and glucose study 超加工食品摄入量增加与心血管疾病发病风险增加有关：德黑兰血脂和血糖研究

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00788-x

Mohammad Jalali, Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Davood Khalili, Michael E. Symonds, Fereidoun Azizi, Shiva Faghih

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide, although limited data are currently available regarding the impact of consuming ultra-processed food (UPF) on its incidence. Given the increased consumption of UPF in Iran, we aimed to investigate the association between UPF intake and CVD risk. Individuals without CVD (n = 2050) aged ≥ 30 years old were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and UPF intakes were assessed based on the Nova food classification. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the risk of CVD across tertiles of UPF intake. A 10.1% incidence of CVD occurred over a median follow-up of 10.6 years, with a 22% increase in CVD risk per each 50 g/day UPF intake. Participants with the highest intake of UPF had a 68% greater incidence of CVD compared to those with the lowest intake (HR = 1.68, 95% CI=1.14–2.48) after controlling for potential confounders. Regarding sub-groups of UPF, participants in the 3rd tertile compared to the reference had a significantly increased risk of CVD (HR = 1.56, 95% CI=1.04–2.34). Nevertheless, intake of bread, fast food, sweetened beverages, sweets and desserts, high-fat dairy products, and other UPFs were not associated with greater CVD risk. Our findings support the hypothesis that the incidence of CVD is enhanced with the higher consumption of UPF in a representative sample of the Iranian population.

心血管疾病（CVD）是全球死亡的主要原因之一，但目前有关食用超标加工食品（UPF）对其发病率的影响的数据十分有限。鉴于伊朗的超高加工食品消费量增加，我们旨在调查超高加工食品摄入量与心血管疾病风险之间的关系。我们从德黑兰血脂和血糖研究（TLGS）中招募了年龄≥30 岁的无心血管疾病者（n = 2050）。通过有效的食物频率问卷（FFQ）收集膳食数据，并根据诺瓦食物分类法评估UPF摄入量。采用调整了潜在混杂因素的多变量考克斯比例危险模型来估算不同UPF摄入量分级的心血管疾病风险的危险比（HR）和95%置信区间（95% CI）。中位随访期为10.6年，心血管疾病发病率为10.1%，UPF摄入量每增加50克/天，心血管疾病风险增加22%。在控制了潜在的混杂因素后，UPF摄入量最高的参与者的心血管疾病发病率比摄入量最低的参与者高68%（HR=1.68，95% CI=1.14-2.48）。关于UPF的亚组，与参考值相比，处于第3个三分位数的参与者患心血管疾病的风险显著增加（HR=1.56，95% CI=1.04-2.34）。然而，面包、快餐、甜饮料、甜食和甜点、高脂乳制品和其他UPF的摄入与心血管疾病风险的增加无关。我们的研究结果支持这样一个假设，即在具有代表性的伊朗人口样本中，摄入较多的 UPF 会增加心血管疾病的发病率。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol in Alzheimer’s disease: an umbrella review of systematic evidence 揭示白藜芦醇对阿尔茨海默病的疗效：系统证据综述

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00792-1

Ali Azargoonjahromi, Fatemeh Abutalebian

Resveratrol (RV), a natural compound found in grapes, berries, and peanuts, has been extensively studied for its potential in treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). RV has shown promise in inhibiting the formation of beta-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), protecting against neuronal damage and oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, promoting neuroprotection, and improving the function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, conflicting results have been reported, necessitating a comprehensive umbrella review of systematic reviews to provide an unbiased conclusion on the therapeutic effectiveness of RV in AD. The objective of this study was to systematically synthesize and evaluate systematic and meta-analysis reviews investigating the role of RV in AD using data from both human and animal studies. Of the 34 systematic and meta-analysis reviews examining the association between RV and AD that were collected, six were included in this study based on specific selection criteria. To identify pertinent studies, a comprehensive search was conducted in English-language peer-reviewed journals without any restrictions on the publication date until October 15, 2023. The search was carried out across multiple databases, including Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, utilizing appropriate terms relevant to the specific research field. The AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS tools were also used to evaluate the quality and risk of bias of the included systematic reviews, respectively. Two researchers independently extracted and analyzed the data, resolving any discrepancies through consensus. Of note, the study adhered to the PRIOR checklist. This umbrella review presented robust evidence supporting the positive impacts of RV in AD, irrespective of the specific mechanisms involved. It indeed indicated that all six systematic and meta-analysis reviews unanimously concluded that the consumption of RV can be effective in the treatment of AD. RV exhibits promising potential for benefiting individuals with AD through various mechanisms. It has been observed to enhance cognitive function, reduce Aβ accumulation, provide neuroprotection, protect the BBB, support mitochondrial function, facilitate synaptic plasticity, stabilize tau proteins, mitigate oxidative stress, and reduce neuroinflammation commonly associated with AD.

白藜芦醇（RV）是一种存在于葡萄、浆果和花生中的天然化合物，它在治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）方面的潜力已被广泛研究。RV在抑制β-淀粉样蛋白斑块（Aβ）和神经纤维缠结（NFTs）的形成、防止神经元损伤和氧化应激、减少炎症、促进神经保护和改善血脑屏障（BBB）功能等方面显示出前景。然而，报道的结果相互矛盾，因此有必要对系统综述进行全面的总括性回顾，以便就RV对AD的治疗效果提供一个公正的结论。本研究的目的是利用人类和动物研究数据，系统地综合和评估研究 RV 在 AD 中作用的系统性综述和荟萃分析综述。在收集到的 34 篇研究 RV 与 AD 关联性的系统和荟萃分析综述中，有 6 篇根据特定的选择标准被纳入本研究。为了确定相关研究，研究人员在 2023 年 10 月 15 日之前对英文同行评审期刊进行了全面检索，对发表日期没有任何限制。检索在多个数据库中进行，包括 Embase、MEDLINE (PubMed)、Cochrane Library、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar，并使用了与特定研究领域相关的适当术语。此外，还使用 AMSTAR-2 和 ROBIS 工具分别评估了所纳入系统综述的质量和偏倚风险。两名研究人员独立提取和分析数据，通过协商一致解决任何差异。值得注意的是，该研究遵守了 PRIOR 核对表。这篇综述提供了有力的证据，支持RV对AD的积极影响，无论涉及的具体机制如何。它确实表明，所有六篇系统性和荟萃分析综述都一致认为，服用 RV 可以有效治疗 AD。RV 具有通过各种机制使注意力缺失症患者受益的潜力。据观察，RV 可增强认知功能、减少 Aβ 积累、提供神经保护、保护 BBB、支持线粒体功能、促进突触可塑性、稳定 tau 蛋白、减轻氧化应激以及减少与 AD 常见的神经炎症。

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引用次数: 0

The acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying, GLP-1 response, and postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia: a randomised crossover trial in healthy adults 富含β-葡聚糖的燕麦面包对胃排空、GLP-1 反应以及餐后血糖和胰岛素血症的急性影响：一项针对健康成年人的随机交叉试验

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00789-w

Ingrid Revheim, Simon Ballance, Adelheid Fretland Standal, Anne Rieder, Jutta Dierkes, Anette E. Buyken, Odd Helge Gilja, Trygve Hausken, Hanne Rosendahl-Riise

The cereal fibre β-glucan reduces postprandial glycaemia, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying half-time (T1/2), gastric emptying lag phase (Tlag), and gastric emptying rate (GER), and the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as potential means to influence postprandial glycaemia. A randomised crossover trial was conducted in 22 healthy adults (age 24.6 ± 3.1 years, BMI 23.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2) receiving 25 g available carbohydrates from a β-glucan-enriched oat bread or a control whole-wheat bread at two non-consecutive days. T1/2, Tlag, and GER were determined based on ultrasound measures of the cross-sectional gastric antrum area in the fasting state and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min postprandially. Capillary glucose, serum insulin, and plasma GLP-1 concentrations were measured at the same time points. A biphasic pattern of gastric emptying with a distinct Tlag before the commencement of emptying was observed in most subjects for both bread types. While no differences in GER were evident (p = 0.562), consumption of the oat bread significantly increased T1/2 by 18 min and Tlag by 14 min compared with the whole-wheat bread (p = 0.005 and p = 0.010, respectively). In addition, the oat bread significantly reduced iAUC2h for glucose and insulin responses compared with the whole-wheat bread (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in GLP-1 response between the two breads (p = 0.892). The increased T1/2 and Tlag could offer a potential mechanism for the observed attenuation of postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia after consumption of the β-glucan-enriched oat bread compared with the whole-wheat bread. Trial registration: The study is registered at clinicaltrails.gov (NCT04571866).

谷物纤维β-葡聚糖可降低餐后糖血症，但其潜在机制尚不完全清楚。因此，本研究旨在调查富含β-葡聚糖的燕麦面包对胃排空半衰期（T1/2）、胃排空滞后期（Tlag）、胃排空率（GER）和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）分泌的急性影响，以此作为影响餐后血糖的潜在手段。我们对 22 名健康成年人（年龄为 24.6 ± 3.1 岁，体重指数为 23.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2）进行了随机交叉试验，让他们在非连续的两天内从富含β-葡聚糖的燕麦面包或对照全麦面包中摄入 25 克可用碳水化合物。T1/2、Tlag 和 GER 是根据空腹状态和餐后 15、30、45、60、90 和 120 分钟胃窦横截面积的超声测量结果确定的。毛细血管葡萄糖、血清胰岛素和血浆 GLP-1 浓度也在同一时间点测定。在两种面包中，大多数受试者的胃排空呈双相模式，在开始排空前有一个明显的Tlag。虽然胃排空率没有明显差异（p = 0.562），但与全麦面包相比，燕麦面包的 T1/2 显著增加了 18 分钟，Tlag 显著增加了 14 分钟（分别为 p = 0.005 和 p = 0.010）。此外，与全麦面包相比，燕麦面包明显降低了葡萄糖和胰岛素反应的 iAUC2h（分别为 p = 0.001 和 p < 0.001）。两种面包的 GLP-1 反应无明显差异（p = 0.892）。与全麦面包相比，食用富含β-葡聚糖的燕麦面包后，T1/2和Tlag的增加可能是观察到的餐后血糖和胰岛素血症减轻的潜在机制。试验注册：该研究已在 clinicaltrails.gov 注册（NCT04571866）。

{"title":"The acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying, GLP-1 response, and postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia: a randomised crossover trial in healthy adults","authors":"Ingrid Revheim, Simon Ballance, Adelheid Fretland Standal, Anne Rieder, Jutta Dierkes, Anette E. Buyken, Odd Helge Gilja, Trygve Hausken, Hanne Rosendahl-Riise","doi":"10.1186/s12986-024-00789-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00789-w","url":null,"abstract":"The cereal fibre β-glucan reduces postprandial glycaemia, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying half-time (T1/2), gastric emptying lag phase (Tlag), and gastric emptying rate (GER), and the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as potential means to influence postprandial glycaemia. A randomised crossover trial was conducted in 22 healthy adults (age 24.6 ± 3.1 years, BMI 23.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2) receiving 25 g available carbohydrates from a β-glucan-enriched oat bread or a control whole-wheat bread at two non-consecutive days. T1/2, Tlag, and GER were determined based on ultrasound measures of the cross-sectional gastric antrum area in the fasting state and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min postprandially. Capillary glucose, serum insulin, and plasma GLP-1 concentrations were measured at the same time points. A biphasic pattern of gastric emptying with a distinct Tlag before the commencement of emptying was observed in most subjects for both bread types. While no differences in GER were evident (p = 0.562), consumption of the oat bread significantly increased T1/2 by 18 min and Tlag by 14 min compared with the whole-wheat bread (p = 0.005 and p = 0.010, respectively). In addition, the oat bread significantly reduced iAUC2h for glucose and insulin responses compared with the whole-wheat bread (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in GLP-1 response between the two breads (p = 0.892). The increased T1/2 and Tlag could offer a potential mechanism for the observed attenuation of postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia after consumption of the β-glucan-enriched oat bread compared with the whole-wheat bread. Trial registration: The study is registered at clinicaltrails.gov (NCT04571866).","PeriodicalId":19196,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition & Metabolism","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140152344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of gestational metabolic syndrome with the Chinese Healthy Eating Index in mid-pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. 妊娠中期代谢综合征与中国健康饮食指数的关系：一项横断面研究。

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00780-5

Hui Wu, Min-Hui Yi, Bing-Gang Liu, Yan Xu, Qin Wu, Yu-Hong Liu, Ling-Peng Lu

Background: This study aims to investigate the relationship between gestational metabolic syndrome (GMS) and the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) in mid-pregnancy, and to identify potentially beneficial or high-risk dietary habits. We have developed a mid-pregnancy version of CHEI-2022, adapting the Chinese Healthy Eating Index to align with the food quantity recommendations outlined in the 2022 Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents for mid-pregnancy.

Methods: Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, data from 2411 mid-pregnant individuals were collected through interviews. The Total CHEI score and its component scores were determined through analysis of responses from the food frequency questionnaire. GMS diagnosis involved conducting physical examinations and performing blood biochemical tests. A logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between GMS or related indices and both the total CHEI score and its component scores.

Results: The study identified an overall GMS prevalence of 21.65% (522 out of 2411 participants). During mid-pregnancy, participants diagnosed with GMS exhibited higher BMI, FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, TC, TG, HDL, SBP, as well as higher educational levels and daily activity, compared to those without GMS (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, participants with higher total CHEI scores (≥ 80) were found to have lower odds of GMS or related indices (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary intake of potatoes, whole grains, beans, dark green vegetables, and fruits, as per the CHEI recommendations, was associated with reduced odds of GMS or related indices (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: A high-quality diet, as indicated by a total CHEI score of 80 or higher, and increased consumption of specific dietary components, namely potatoes, beans, dark green vegetables, and fruits, were found to effectively reduce the odds of GMS or related indices during mid-pregnancy.

研究背景本研究旨在调查妊娠中期妊娠代谢综合征（GMS）与中国人健康饮食指数（CHEI）之间的关系，并找出潜在的有益或高风险饮食习惯。我们根据《中国居民膳食指南（2022年）》中关于孕中期食物量的建议，对中国人健康饮食指数进行了调整，开发了孕中期版本的CHEI-2022：方法：根据纳入和排除标准，通过访谈收集了 2411 名孕中期个体的数据。通过对食物频率调查问卷的回答进行分析，确定了CHEI总分及其组成分数。GMS诊断包括体格检查和血液生化检验。采用逻辑回归模型分析 GMS 或相关指数与 CHEI 总分及其组成部分得分之间的关系：研究发现，GMS 的总患病率为 21.65%（2411 名参与者中有 522 人）。在孕中期，被诊断为 GMS 的参与者与未患 GMS 的参与者相比，BMI、FBG、1hPBG、2hPBG、TC、TG、HDL、SBP 均较高，受教育程度和日常活动量也较高（P 结论：与未患 GMS 的参与者相比，被诊断为 GMS 的参与者BMI、FBG、1hPBG、2hPBG、TC、TG、HDL、SBP 均较高：研究发现，CHEI 总分达到 80 分或以上的优质饮食，以及增加特定饮食成分（即土豆、豆类、深绿色蔬菜和水果）的摄入量，可有效降低孕中期发生 GMS 或相关指数的几率。

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引用次数: 0

Oxyresveratrol attenuates bone resorption by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in ovariectomized rats 氧白藜芦醇通过抑制卵巢切除大鼠的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路来减轻骨吸收

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00781-4

Yea-Jin Lee, Jin-Chul Ahn, Chung-Hun Oh

Bone is continuously produced by osteoblasts and resorbed by osteoclasts to maintain homeostasis. Impaired bone resorption by osteoclasts causes bone diseases such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Most pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis focuses on inhibiting osteoclast differentiation, often to restore osteoclast/osteoclast balance. However, recent osteoporosis treatments have various side effects. According to a recent study, resveratrol, known as a stilbenoid family, is known to increase bone density, and the osteoclast inhibitory effect was confirmed using oxyresveratrol, a stilbenoid family. Here, we investigated the effect of oxyresveratrol on osteoclast differentiation and an ovariectomized mouse model. Mouse leukemia monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was treated with oxyresveratrol, and cell cytotoxicity was confirmed by measuring MTT assay. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), an enzyme marker for osteoclasts, was confirmed by staining. In addition, osteoclast differentiation markers and MAPK-related markers were confirmed at the mRNA level and protein expression. The effect of oxyresveratrol was confirmed using ovariectomized mice. Deoxypyridinoline (DPD) was measured using mouse urine and TRAP activity was observed using serum. Bone mineral density was also measured using Micro-CT. The polyphenol oxyresveratrol inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, oxyresveratrol inhibited TRAP activity and actin-ring formation. Moreover, oxyresveratrol suppressed the phosphorylation of the RANKL-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, JNK, and ERK and significantly reduced the expression of bone differentiation markers (NFATc1, cathepsin K, and TRAP). Oxyresveratrol inhibits osteoclast differentiation via MAPK and increases bone density in ovariectomized rats, suggesting it has therapeutic potential for bone diseases such as osteoporosis. We confirmed the osteoporosis prevention effect of OR in Raw 264.7 cells, and future studies should confirm the effect of OR using rat bone marrow-derived cells.

骨骼不断由成骨细胞生成，并由破骨细胞吸收，以维持体内平衡。破骨细胞的骨吸收功能受损会导致骨质疏松症和关节炎等骨病。大多数骨质疏松症的药物治疗都侧重于抑制破骨细胞的分化，通常是为了恢复破骨细胞/破骨细胞的平衡。然而，最近的骨质疏松症治疗方法有各种副作用。根据最近的一项研究，白藜芦醇（被称为白藜芦醇家族）具有增加骨密度的作用，而使用白藜芦醇家族中的氧白藜芦醇则证实了其抑制破骨细胞的作用。在此，我们研究了氧白藜芦醇对破骨细胞分化和卵巢切除小鼠模型的影响。用氧白藜芦醇处理小鼠白血病单核/巨噬细胞系 RAW 264.7，并通过 MTT 试验确认细胞毒性。抗酒石酸磷酸酶（TRAP）是破骨细胞的酶标记物，通过染色得到了证实。此外，破骨细胞分化标志物和 MAPK 相关标志物的 mRNA 水平和蛋白表达也得到了证实。使用卵巢切除的小鼠证实了氧白藜芦醇的作用。利用小鼠尿液测定了脱氧吡啶啉（DPD），利用血清观察了 TRAP 活性。此外，还使用 Micro-CT 测量了骨矿密度。多酚氧白藜芦醇可抑制核因子卡帕Β配体受体激活剂（RANKL）诱导的 RAW 264.7 细胞破骨细胞分化。此外，氧白藜芦醇还能抑制 TRAP 活性和肌动蛋白环的形成。此外，氧白藜芦醇还抑制了 RANKL 诱导的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）p38、JNK 和 ERK 的磷酸化，并显著降低了骨分化标志物（NFATc1、cathepsin K 和 TRAP）的表达。氧白藜芦醇可通过 MAPK 抑制破骨细胞分化，增加卵巢切除大鼠的骨密度，这表明它对骨质疏松症等骨科疾病具有治疗潜力。我们在 Raw 264.7 细胞中证实了氧白藜芦醇预防骨质疏松症的作用，未来的研究应使用大鼠骨髓衍生细胞证实氧白藜芦醇的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated aortic perivascular adipose tissue-associated vascular reactivity impairment under excessive fructose intake 摄入过量果糖时线粒体动力学失调介导的主动脉血管周围脂肪组织相关血管反应性损伤

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism

Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00776-7

Kay L. H. Wu, Chih-Wei Wu, Lee-Wei Chen, Hsiao-Huang Chang, Ching-Li Cheng, Cai-Yi Wu, Yu-Chi Lee, I-Chun Chen, Chun-Ying Hung, Wen-Chung Liu

Excessive fructose intake presents the major risk factor for metabolic cardiovascular disease. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a metabolic tissue and possesses a paracrine function in regulating aortic reactivity. However, whether and how PVAT alters vascular function under fructose overconsumption remains largely unknown. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were fed a 60% high fructose diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood sugar, insulin, and triglycerides were significantly increased by HFD intake. Plasma adiponectin was significantly enhanced in the HFD group. The expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial mass were reduced in the aortic PVAT of the HFD group. Concurrently, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were suppressed. Furthermore, decreased fusion proteins (OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2) were accompanied by increased fission proteins (FIS1 and phospho-DRP1). Notably, the upregulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteocalcin in the PVAT were concurrent with the impaired reactivity of aortic contraction and relaxation. Coenzyme Q10 (Q, 10 mg/100 mL, 4 weeks) effectively reversed the aforementioned events induced by HFD. Together, these results suggested that the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated HFD-triggered PVAT whitening to impair aortic reactivity. Fortunately, coenzyme Q10 treatment reversed HFD-induced PVAT whitening and aortic reactivity.

果糖摄入过多是代谢性心血管疾病的主要风险因素。血管周围脂肪组织（PVAT）是一种代谢组织，在调节主动脉反应性方面具有旁分泌功能。然而，在果糖摄入过量的情况下，血管周围脂肪组织是否以及如何改变血管功能仍是一个未知数。在这项研究中，雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠（8 周大）连续 12 周摄入 60% 的高果糖饮食（HFD）。摄入高果糖饮食会显著增加空腹血糖、胰岛素和甘油三酯。高果糖组的血浆脂肪连素明显增加。高脂蛋白胆固醇酯组的主动脉皮下脂肪变性细胞中解偶联蛋白1（UCP1）的表达和线粒体质量均有所下降。同时，过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体-γ辅助激活因子1α（PGC-1α）和线粒体转录因子A（TFAM）的表达受到抑制。此外，融合蛋白（OPA1、MFN1 和 MFN2）减少的同时，裂变蛋白（FIS1 和 phospho-DRP1）增加。值得注意的是，PVAT中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和骨钙素的上调与主动脉收缩和松弛的反应性受损同时存在。辅酶Q10（Q，10毫克/100毫升，4周）可有效逆转高密度脂蛋白胆固醇诱导的上述事件。这些结果表明，线粒体动力学失调介导了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇诱发的主动脉瓣白化，从而损害了主动脉反应性。幸运的是，辅酶Q10治疗逆转了HFD诱导的PVAT变白和主动脉反应性。

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引用次数: 0